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让学习成为一种习惯
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中考常考题型专题九---时态
学习目标
1、 掌握中考常考知识点时态专项
2、
重点难点
1、 动词时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时以及过去完成时
【语法点精讲】
动词各种时态的使用频率不同,下面分别介绍初中阶段要
求掌握的八种时态。
1. 一般现在时
(1) 一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单
数则在动词原形后加⁃s 或⁃es。
将下列动词转换为第三人称单数形式。
swim teach fly
wash enjoy pass
(2) 一般现在时的用法
1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 与 often,
always,usually,sometimes,once a week,every day 等表示频度的副
词或时间状语连用。 如:
He gets up early every morning. 他每天早上都早起。
2) 表示客观事实或普遍真理。 如:
The sun rises from east. 太阳从东方升起。
3) 在时间、条件等状语从句中,用现在时表示将来。 如:
When he comes back,Ill ring you up.
他回来我会打电话给你。
If he wakes up,please bring him here.
如果他醒了,请带他来这里。
4) 在某些以 here,there 开头的句子中用一般现在时表示正
在发生的动作。 如:
Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。
(3) 与一般现在时连用的时间状语
1) 表示频度的副词 always,often,usually,sometimes 等。
2) on Sundays,on Monday afternoon,every day,in the morning,
every year 等时间状语。
3) once a year,twice a month,three times a week 之类的表示
频率的词组。
2. 一般过去时
(1) 一般过去时的构成:一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。
写出下列动词的过去式。
stop beg take
(2) 一般过去时的用法
1) 表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 如:
He broke up with his girlfriend one year ago.
他一年前同女友分了手。
The old house collapsed last night. 昨夜,那幢旧房子塌了。
2) 表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。 如:
I used to take a walk after dinner.
我以前吃过晚饭会散会儿步。
When I was a little girl,I always asked my mum to tell me sto⁃
ries. 当我还是个小女孩时,我常会要我妈妈讲故事给我听。
(3) 和一般过去时连用的时间状语
last night,yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1995, in the
past,the other day,at that time,just now 等。
注意:有一些容易变化错误的单词,如:
prefer→preferred,fix→fixed,mix→mixed
3. 一般将来时
(1) 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,其构成是 will + 动
词原形,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如 tomorrow,next week,in
a few days,next Sunday,in + 一段时间,in 2010 等。 如:
I will come back to see you. 我会回来看你。
Will I be a beautiful girl when I grow uo?
我长大以后会很漂亮吗?
当主语是 I 或 we 时,问句中一般使用 shall,表示征求对方意
见。 如:
Shall we meet at the school gate? 我们在学校大门口见吧?
(2) “ be going to + 动词原形” 表示计划、打算做某事,表示已
决定的、很可能发生的事,或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。 如:
—What are you going to do this weekend?
这个周末你打算做什么?
—Im going to visit my grandoarents.
我打算去看看我的爷爷奶奶。
注意:在下面几种情况下只可用 shall ( will ) 表示将来,而不
可用 be going to 结构。
1) 表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气地邀请或命
令时。 如:
Will you please close the window?
请你把窗子关一下,好吗?
2) 表示意愿时。 如:
We will ask him to join us. 我们将要邀请他加入。
3) 表示单纯的将来,与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。 如:
The lights will be turned off at eleven oclock. 十一点熄灯。
(3) be + v. ⁃ing 表示将来
常用这种结构的动词有 go, come, leave, stay, start, begin 等,
表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。 如:
I am coming. 我马上就来。
We are starting to work in five minutes.
我们五分钟后开始工作。
( 4) “ be about to + 动词原形” 和“ be to + 动词原形” 结构表示
即将发生的动作。 如:
I was about to sleep when someone cried for help.
有人呼救时,我正打算睡觉。
(5) 用一般现在时表示将来的情况
1) 表示按规定或时间表预计将发生的动作。 如:
The train leaves at 8∶ 00 a. m. 火车早上八点发车。
2) 当主句为一般将来时态时,在 if,as soon as,until,when 等
引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 如:
I wont leave until someone comes to shift.
直到有人来接班,我才会离开。
4. 现在进行时
(1) 现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由“ 主语 + am / is / are + 动词的现在分词” 构成。
否定形式:主语 + am / is / are + not + 动词的现在分词。
疑问形式:Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 动词的现在分词?
肯定回答:Yes,主语 + am / is / are.
否定回答:No,主语 + am / is / are + not.
(2) 现在进行时的用法
1) 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。
I am doing morning exercise. 我在晨练。
2) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。
I am learning to drive recently. 我最近在学驾驶。
3) go,leave,arrive,start 等动词用现在进行时表示将来。
I am going to call you. 我正打算给你打电话呢。
4) 当时间状语为 now,these days 等时或当句子中含有 look,
listen,can you see,cant you see 这类的暗示词时,要使用现在进
行时。 但应注意下列这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子
中。
a. 表示感觉的动词,如 see,hear 等。
b. 表示喜欢或厌恶的动词,如 like,love 等。
c. 表示希望的动词,如 want,would like 等。
d. 表示状态的动词,如 be 等。
e. 表示归属的动词,如 have 等。
f. 表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词,如 know, think, forget
等。
5. 现在完成时
(1) 表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的
影响或结果。 如:
We have discussed the topic. 我们已经讨论过这一话题。
Have you heard about the news? 你听说了这一新闻吗?
注意:already,yet 常和现在完成时连用,already 用于肯定句,
可放在助词之后、 过去分词之前, 也可放在句末。 yet 用在疑问
句中意为“ 已经” ,用在否定句中表示“ 还” ,常放在句末。
(2) 表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还
要持续下去,常和 for,since 连用,表示持续的动作或状态多为延
续性动词。 如:
We have been good friends for many years.
我们已是多年的好朋友了。 ( 说明一直是,还会继续是)
(3) 几个副词在现在完成时中的用法。
1) just 意为“ 刚刚” ,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过
去分词之间。 如:
I have just received the letter. 我刚刚才收到这封信。
2) ever 意为“ 曾经” ,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与
过去分词之间。 如:
Have you ever met a person like him?
你曾遇到过像他那样的人吗?
3) never 意为“ 从来没有” , 常与 before 连用, 多放在助动词
与过去分词之间。 如:
I have never seen such a terrible snowstorm.
我从未见过如此可怕的暴风雪。
4) before 意为“ 以前” ,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在
句末,不受句型的限制。 如:
I havent heard of it before.
我以前从来没有听说过这件事。
5) since + 时间点,for + 时间段。 如:
I havent seen you since we last met by chance.
自我们上次偶遇之后,很久没见过你了。
(4) 延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法。
1) 现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现
在,与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词需是延续性动词,
非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。 如:
他爷爷已过世七年。
误:His grandfather has died for seven years.
正:His grandfather has been dead for seven years.
电影已经开始十分钟了。
误:The film has been started for ten minutes.
正:The film has been on for ten minutes.
不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。 如:
The machine hasnt stopped working for 24 hours.
这部机器已 24 小时没停过了。
2) 非延续性动词与一段时间连用可采用下述三种方法:
a. 将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。
非延续性动词
延续性动词
borrow
keep
open
be open
close
be closed
begin / start
be on
come
be here
go / leave
be away
finish
be over
died
be dead
catch a cold
have a cold
put on
wear
get up
be up
wake up
be awake
fall asleep
be asleep
lose
not have
join
be ( in)
leave
be away from
arrive / reach
be
b. 将时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完
成时。
c. 用句型“ it is + 一段时间 + since 从句( 从句中的谓语动词
用非延续性动词的一般过去式) ” 表示。 如:
It is seven years since he joined the army. 他参军已有七年。
6. 过去进行时
(1) 表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。
常和表示过去的时间状语 then,at that time,this time yesterday,at
ten yesterday 等连用,或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。 如:
I was sleeping when someone knocked at the door.
有人敲门时我正在睡觉。
I was traveling in Beijing this time last year.
我去年这个时候正在北京旅游。
(2) 过去进行时常和 always 等时间副词连用,表示过去频繁
发生的习惯性动作, 此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。
如:
Alice was always changing her mind.
艾丽丝总是在改变主意。
(3) 注意在含有 when 或 while 引导的时间状语从句的主从
复合句中过去进行时的运用:
1) 主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较
长时,主句用过去进行时( 从句常用一般过去时) 。
2) 从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较
长时,从句用过去进行时( 主句用一般过去时) 。
3) 若主、从句动作开始的时间不存在先后关系( 即同时发
生) 或无所谓先后时,主、从句可同时使用过去进行时,此时的时
间状语从句一般由 while 来引导。
注意:在上述情况下,若动词为表示状态的延续性动词, 一
般都应用一般过去时,而不用过去进行时。 如:
When I arrived,the shop was closed.
我到那时,商店是关着的。
7. 过去完成时
过去完成时指的是到过去某个时间已经完成的动作或状
态。 概括地说即是表示“ 过去的过去” 。 过去完成时的动词形式
为:had + 动词的过去分词。 过去完成时在句中使用时一般必须
有一个或暗含一个发生在过去的动作与其相比较,使用过去完
成时的动词动作发生在该过去的动作之前。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:by last week,by the end of
last year 等。 如:
The film had been over by the time I arrived at the cinema.
我到电影院时,电影已经散场了。
8. 过去将来时
(1) 表示从过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
常用在宾语从句中,由“ would + 动词原形” 构成。 如:
He asked me whether I would marry him.
他当时问我愿不愿意嫁给他。
(2) 表示曾经打算准备要做的动作, 用 were / was going to +
动词原形。 如:
They were going to set off when I came in.
我进去时他们正打算出发。
(3) go,come,leave,arrive,start 等动词,其过去进行时表示过
去按计划即将发生的动作。
初中英语时态练习
1.I will tell him as soon as he _____ back
A. come B. comes C. will come D. came
2. Mary _____ on shoes when she ____ them.
A. tries…buys B. tries… buies C. trys… buys D. trys… buies
3. The girl often ______ cold when she ______.
A. cathcs…dances B. catches… dances C. catchs…dancees D. catches… dancee
4. _____ he ____ himself there? No, I don't think so.
A. Do…enjoy B. Does… enjoies C. Does… enjoys D. Does…enjoy
5. _____ your teacher ____ from them very often? Certainly.
A. Do…hear B. Does…hear C. Do… receive D. receive
6. _____ your mother _____ some cleaning on Sundays?
A. Does…does B. Do…does C. Does…do D. Do… do
7. _____ Tom _____to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _____.
A. Has… x…does B. Has…x…does C. Does…has…has D. Does… have…does
8. Which teacher _____ lessons to you every day ?
A. does …gives B. does… give C. do… give D. gives
9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, ____? _____ , he does.
A. does he…No B. does he…Yes C. doesn't he…No D. doesn't he…Yes
10.Mr Black often _____ fishing on Sundays, _____ he ?
A. goes…doesn't B. goes…isn't C. doesn't go…does D. doesn't go…is
11.He usually _____ TV on Sunday evening.
A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching
12. We'll go to play with snow if it ______ tomorrow.
A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed
13. Neither I nor he ______ French.
A. speak B. doesn't speak C. speaks D. doesn't speak
14. Nobody ______ how to run this machines.
A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing
15. The Young Pioneer _____ water for the old man every day.
A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries
16. Some are ______ in the river and some are ______ games.
A. swimming… playing B. swimming…plaiing C. swimming… I playing D. swimming…plaing
17. Look ! The boy students are _____ football while the girls are _____ .
A. playing… dance B. playing… dancing C. play… dancing D. play… dance
18. He _____ to do his lessons at eight every evening.
A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins
19. _____ he _____ on well with his friends this term ?
A. Does…gets B. Does…get C. Is…getting D. Is…geting
20. Mr Smith _____ short stories, but he ____ a TV play these days.
A. is writing…is writing B. is writing… writes C. writes… is writing D. writes… writes
21. I _____ to the cinema. I ______ there every Sunday.
A. go…go B. am going… go C. go… am going D. am going…am going
22. Look, they______ a good time, ____ they ?
A. have…do B. have…don't C. are having…are D. are having… aren't
23. You ______ about the future now, ______ you ?
A. don't think…don't B. aren't thinking… aren't C. don't think… do D. aren't thinking… are
24. She always ______ something whenever she ______.
A .studied…played B. studied…plaied C.. studied…plaied D. studied… played
25. He often _____ late in the forest. It _____ me very much.,
A. stayed…worried B. staied… worried C. stayed…worryed D. staied… worried
26. I ______that the boy _____ with no tears in his eyes.
A. noticed… cryed B. noticed… cried C. noticed…cried D. noticed… cryed
27. We _____the floor and _____ all the windows.
A. mopped… cleanned B. moped… cleaned C. mopped…cleaned D. moped… cleaned
28. When I _____ the Children's Palace, the children _____ with joy.
A. visited… jumpped B. visited… jumped C. visited… jumped D. visited… jumpped
29. ______ a sports meet last Sunday ? Yes , they ______.
A. Did they have… did B. Did they have… had C. Had they… had D. Had they… did
30. ____ you _____out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I ______.
A. Did…went…went B. Did… go… went C. Did… went… did D. Did… go… did
31. _____ Jack _____ on with his work or ______ to have a rest?
A. Did… went… stopped B. Did… go… stop C. Did… went… stop D. Did… go… stopped
32. You gave them a talk two days ago, _____you ? Yes, I ______.
A. did… did B. did… gave C. didn't… did D. didn't… gave
33. ____ your brother _____ a letter to ? My father.
A. Who… wrote B. What…wrote C. Who did…write D. What did… write
34. They _____ about the TV news then in the sitting-room. They often ____ such talks
A. talked…had B. talk…have C. were talking…had D. are talking…have
35. He ______ some cooking at that time, so _____ me.
A. did… heard B. did… didn't hear
C. was doing… heard D. was doing… didn't hear
36. " _____ you angry then?" "They_ too much noise.”
A. Are…were making B. Were…were making C. Are…made D. Were… made
37. This time yesterday Jack _____ his, bike. He _____ TV.
A. repaired… didn't watch B. was repairing… watched C. repaired… watched D. was repairing… wasn't watching
38. We _____ for Tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______.
A. were waiting… waiting B. were waiting… wait C. waited… waiting D. waited… wait
39. When you _____ at the door, I _____ some washing.
A. knocked… did B. was knocking… did C. knocked… was doing D. knock… am doing
40. The boy_____ English on the radio when I _____ his door.
A. learned… was opening B. was learning… opened C. learned… opened D. is learning… open
41. When they______ through the forest, a bear _____ at them.
A. walked… was coming B. were walking… came C. were talking… comes D. walk… is coming
42. A young man _____ her while she _____ her work .
A. watched… was finishing B. was watching… finished C. watched… finished D. was watching… was finishing
43. While mother _____ some washing, I ______ a kite for Kack.
A. did… made B. was doing… made C. was doing… was making D. did… was making
44. I _____ myself French from 7 to 9 yesterday morning. I _____ to work.
A. was teaching… didn't go B. taught… didn't go C. was teaching… went D. taught… went
45. He _____ a model plane when I came to see him.
A. makes B. is making C. was making D. made
46. I ______ a letter at nine last night.
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. is writing
47. The teacher_____ us a history lesson when Tom walked into the classroom.
A. gave B. is giving C. was given D. was giving
48. We ______ class meeting this November.
A. had B. have C. will have D. are having
49. He ______ in his garden every morning next year.
A. will work B. works C. worked D. is working
答案:
1—5 BABDB 6—10 CDDBA 11—15 BBCCD 16—20 CBDCC
21-25 BDDDA 26—30 BCBAD 31—35 BCCCD
36—40 BDACB 41-45 BDCAC 46—49 BDCA
9
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