大学英语四级翻译技巧省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

英语四级翻译英语四级翻译第1页翻译题型介绍所占分值百分比为15%考试时间30分钟翻译题型为段落汉译英。翻译内容包括中国历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字第2页段落翻译评分标准本题满分为15分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。13-15分：译文准确表示了原文意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。10-12分：译文基本上表示了原文意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。7-9分：译文勉强表示了原文意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。第3页段落翻译评分标准4-6分：译文仅表示了一小部分原文意思。用词不准确，有相当多严重语言错误。1-3分：译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表示原文意思。0分：未作答，或只有几个孤立词，或译文与原文毫不相关。第4页段落翻译评分标准13-15分：15分：有2处不显著小错（冠词、单复数、时态、介词、用词不贴切等）14分：有5处不显著小错（冠词、单复数、时态、介词、用词不贴切等）13分：有7处不显著小错（冠词、单复数、时态、介词、用词不贴切等）第5页段落翻译评分标准10-12分：12分：有1个严重错句11分：有3处显著语言错句10分：有4处显著语言错误第6页段落翻译评分标准7-9分：9分：5个句子正确或基本正确8分：4个句子正确或基本正确7分：3个句子正确或基本正确第7页段落翻译评分标准4-6分：6分：内容基本表示，有两个句子正确5分：一个句子正确4分：没有一个正确句子，但有三个句子有小错第8页段落翻译评分标准1-3分：3分：内容基本表示，但全部句子都有错误和严重错误。严重错误少2分：严重错误多1分：严重错误极多0分：未作答，或只有几个孤立词，或译文与原文毫不相关。依据关键词“创作翻译”，不给分。第9页样题分析1.，中国约有4.2亿网民。（.12真题），China about have 420 million netizens.（X）2.越来越多中国年轻人正在对旅游产生兴趣，这是近年来新趋势。3.最近调查显示，很多年轻人想要经过旅行体验不一样文化、丰富知识、扩展视野。There were about 420 million netizens in China in.（）More and more Chinese young people are interested in tourism,which is a new trend recently.A recent survey shows that through traveling,many young people want to experience different culture,enrich knowledge and expand their horizon.第10页样题分析很多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不但被视为一个技能，而且也被视为一个艺术。精心准备中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技术和配料在中国各地差异很大。但好烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。因为食物对健康至关主要，好厨师总是努力在谷物，肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡。所以中餐美味又健康。【参考译文】Many people like Chinese food.In China,cooking is not only regarded as a skill but also an art.The carefully-prepared Chinese food is tasty and good-looking.The way of cooking and ingredients selection vary greatly across China.However,good cooking has one thing in common,that is,to always concern colors,smell,tastes and nutrition.As food is vital for mans health,good cooks are always making efforts to maintain balance between grains,meats and vegetables.Thus,Chinese food is delicious and healthy.第11页样题分析14分参考译文第12页样题分析8分参考译文第13页样题分析5分参考译文第14页样题分析第15页段落翻译解题步骤1.通读全段，了解原文，确定时态。自1961年该基金会成立以来，大熊猫就一直是它徽标。（.12）【思绪分析】本句主干句是“大熊猫就一直是它徽标”，可依“主系表”结构译出;一看到“自从”就应该想到since，since作为介词，后面要跟名词结构，所以“自从以来”可译作介词短语“since the founding of WWF in 1961”或处理为从句“since 1961 when WWF was founded”，置于句首或句末均可。【参考译文】Panda has been the logo of WWF since 1961 when WWF was founded.第16页段落翻译解题步骤:确定时态相传，中国一位帝王于五千年前发觉了茶，并用来治病。(.12)【思绪分析】句子主干部分为：“一位帝王发觉了茶，并用来治病”。详细翻译时，因为原句强调是“茶”，可考虑将其作主语，原句用被动语态译出。【参考译文】Legend has it that tea was found by a Chinese emperor more than five thousand years ago,and was then used to cure diseases.“相传”是一个习惯用语，除译为“Legend has it that”外，还能够译为“According to legend”或“as legend goes”第17页段落翻译解题步骤2.处理原文句子，正确断句，合句，找准主语，谓语，宾语。e.g.（.12）这些花园组成了一个意在表示人与自然之间应有友好关系微缩景观。第18页段落翻译解题步骤以蓬勃发展电子商务为代表互联网经济已成为经济发展主要引擎。第19页段落翻译解题步骤正确断句，合句阅读对于中小学生尤其主要，假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读兴趣，以后要养成阅读习惯就难了。（.6）【思绪分析】因为句子较长，可考虑分译法，拆成两句。因为“假设”表明这是另一个话题，所以可从此处断开。【参考译文】Reading is especially important for middle and primary school students.If they dont nurture the interest of reading at that critical period,it will be harder to develop a habit to read books.(从意义完整、独立处拆分)第20页段落翻译解题步骤3.修改。对译文修正，加工，润饰。第一步：对照原文一句一句修改，看原文内容是否准确表示；有没有漏译，错译，曲解地方。第二步：脱离原文，重复阅读后进行修改。看上下午有没有不连接，矛盾，重复地方，有没有逻辑不通地方。第21页翻译基本方法：直译&意译第22页汉译英基本技巧：增词1.增加连词第23页汉译英基本技巧：增词第24页汉译英基本技巧：增词2.增加主语第25页汉译英基本技巧：增词从它形成到现在，一直为民族精神构建，民族智慧传输，民族文化发展发挥着不可估量作用。第26页汉译英基本技巧：增词3.同时增加连词和主语第27页汉译英基本技巧：增词练习1.大作收到，十分高兴。2.把这些故事看完以后，用你自己话讲一遍。Im very glad to have received your writing.After you have read these stories,tell them in your own words.第28页汉译英基本技巧：减词英语表示倾向简练，汉语比较喜欢重复。重复，作为一个汉语修辞方法，在某种场所下，重复表示一个意思，是为了强调，加强语气。为了有更强节奏感和押韵，汉语中也经常会出现排比句。考生在翻译这些句子时，为了符合英文表示逻辑，就要有所删减或省略。e.g.这是革命春天，这是人民春天，这是科学春天!让我们张开双臂，热烈拥抱这个春天吧!译文：Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring,which is one of the revolution,of the people,and of science.第29页汉译英基本技巧：减词我们要忠于党，忠于人民，忠于祖国。我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们未来也绝不会后退。郭沫若同志曾说，“中国人民从来是勇于探索，勇于创造，勇于革命。”We should be loyal to our party,to our people,to our motherland.We wont retreat,we never have and never will.Comrade Guo Moruo once said,“The people of China have always been courageous in exploration,innovation and revolution.”第30页汉译英基本技巧：减词第31页汉译英基本技巧：词类转换第32页汉译英基本技巧：词类转换1.丽江地处云南省西北部，境内多山。2.经过阅读，人们能更加好地学会感恩，有责任心和与人合作，而教育目标正是要培养这些基本素质。Through reading,people can learn better how to be grateful,responsible and cooperative,and the goal of education is to cultivate these basic personalities.第33页汉译英基本技巧：词类转换3.孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。（动词转名词）Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.4.我们会考虑你要求。（动词转名词）We will take your requirement into consideration.第34页词类转换翻译练习1.我打开窗子，让新鲜空气进来。2.那个穿紫色衣服女生是我好朋友。3.大熊猫是一个温顺动物，长着独特黑白皮毛。I open the window to let the fresh air in.The girl in purple is my close friend.The giant panda is a kind of tame/gentle animal with unique black-and-white fur.第35页汉译英基本技巧：语态转换第36页汉译英基本技巧：语态转换第37页汉译英基本技巧：语态转换第38页汉译英基本技巧：语态转换第39页汉译英基本技巧：语态转换【语态转换练习】1.乌镇全部房屋都用石木建造。2.经典中国园林四面有围墙。3.他言论和生平活动统计在论语（The Analects）一书中。4.中国结最初是由手工艺人创造。All the houses in Wuzhen are built of stone and wood.A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls.His words and life story were recorded in The Analects.The Chinese knot was originally invented by the craftsmen.第40页真题解析黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长河流。“黄”这个字描述是其河水浑浊颜色。黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最终注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存几条河流之一。黄河流域(river basin)是中国古代文明诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣地域。然而，因为极具破坏力洪水频发，黄河曾造成屡次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种办法预防灾害发生。The Yellow River ranks the third longest in Asia and the sixth longest in the world.The word“yellow”describes the muddy water of the river.The Yellow River，one of several rivers for China to live on，originates from Qinghai，flows through nine provinces,and finally pours into the Bohai Sea.The river basin is not only the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization，but also the most prosperous region in the early history of China.However,due to the frequent devastating floods,it has caused many disasters.In the past few decades,the government has taken various measures to prevent disasters.第41页真题解析黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长河流。The Yellow River ranks the third longest in Asia and the sixth longest in the world.“黄”这个字描述是其河水浑浊颜色。The word“yellow”describes the muddy water of the river.黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最终注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存几条河流之一。（合译）The Yellow River，one of several rivers for China to live on，originates from Qinghai，flows through nine provinces,and finally pours into the Bohai Sea.第42页真题解析黄河流域(river basin)是中国古代文明诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣地域。The river basin is not only the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization，but also the most prosperous region in the early history of China.然而，因为极具破坏力洪水频发，黄河曾造成屡次灾害。However,due to the frequent devastating floods,it has caused many disasters.在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种办法预防灾害发生。In the past few decades,the government has taken various measures to prevent disasters.第43页真题解析珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长河流，仅次于长江和黄河。珠江三角洲（delta）是中国最发达地域之一，面积约11,000平方公里。它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大城市聚集区。珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700多万人口。上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。The Pearl River,an extensive river system in southern China,flows through Guangzhou City.It is Chinas third-longest river,only after theYangtze River and theYellow River.The Pearl River Delta(PRD)is one of the most developed regions in China with an area of about 11,000 square kilometers.It is the largest urban area in the world in both size and population.The nine largest cities of PRDhave a combined population of over 57 million.Since the reform and opening up(economic liberalization)was adopted by the Chinese governmen tin the late 1970s,the Delta has become one of the leading economic regions and a major manufacturing center of China and the world.第44页真题解析珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长河流，仅次于长江和黄河。（分译）The Pearl River,an extensive river system in southern China,flows through Guangzhou City.It is Chinas third-longest river,only after theYangtze River and theYellow River.珠江三角洲（delta）是中国最发达地域之一，面积约11,000平方公里。The Pearl River Delta(PRD)is one of the most developed regions in China with an area of about 11,000 square kilometers.它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大城市聚集区。（主语谓语表语）It is the largest urban area in the world in both size and population.第45页真题解析珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700多万人口。The nine largest cities of PRD have a combined population of over 57 million.上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。Since the reform and opening up(economic liberalization)was adopted by the Chinese government in the late 1970s,the Delta has become one of the leading economic regions and a major manufacturing center of China and the world.第46页汉译英基本技巧：分译&合译（按内容层次分译）第47页汉译英基本技巧：分译&合译（按内容层次分译）第48页汉译英基本技巧：分译&合译（按内容层次分译）第49页汉译英基本技巧：分译&合译（按内容层次分译）第50页合译练习题1.秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈，庆贺丰收。（.12）2.许多西方人会选咖啡。而中国人则会选茶。（.12）第51页分译练习题1.孔子是中国历史上著名思想家，教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）创始人，被尊称为古代圣人（sage）。2.如今，很多年轻人不再选择“稳定”工作，他们更愿意自主创业，依靠自己智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。第52页分译练习题3.在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其它喜庆场所，红色处处可见。（.12）第53页汉译英基本技巧：正反翻译表示第54页汉译英基本技巧：正反翻译表示第55页汉译英基本技巧：正反翻译表示第56页汉译英基本技巧：正反翻译表示第57页Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell some the course books you used at college.Your advertisement may include a brief description of their content,their condition and price,and your contact information.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第58页For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay.Suppose you have two options upon graduation:one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school.You are to make a choice between the two.Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第59页