英语四级选词填空技巧省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

选词填空选词填空Banked Cloze 第1页Background Information选词填空题是大学英语四级考试新题型，考测综合能力，占整个考试分值不高。选词填空题文章长度在220250词左右，要求从给出15个词中选择10个填入适当空中。ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO第2页在设计时并非拿来一篇短文随便去掉几个词,首句不设空；一句话中不设两空；设空比较均匀，基本覆盖整个段落；设空不影响考生对文章大意了解；选项所提供词皆为实义词，包含：名词、动词、形容词、副词、分词等，它们与文章上下文紧密联络；每个正确选项大都有干扰项，相互干扰选项之间不是同义词或近义词，就是同词性词。设计者普通遵照以下标准:第3页题型题型字数字数题材题材选项特点选项特点完型填空完型填空不低于不低于250250个字个字社会、社会、科普之科普之类。类。四个选项词性相同，词义靠近，考生无须思索词性问题，只需分辨词义即可，相对简单一些。选词填空选词填空不会超出220个字社会、社会、科普之科普之类。类。选词填空15个待选词不但难于完型四个选项，而且分成名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类。考生必须先确定词性，再结合短文逻辑做出选择。完型填空和选词填空比较完型填空和选词填空比较第4页 选词填空特点：选词填空特点：1.1.近义词辨析不多，近义词辨析不多，2.2.固定搭配不多固定搭配不多3.3.词性辨析比较轻易词性辨析比较轻易4.4.题目设计标准是首句不设空，一句话中不题目设计标准是首句不设空，一句话中不 设两空，设空比较均匀，基本覆盖全文设两空，设空比较均匀，基本覆盖全文.选词填空难点：选词填空难点：1.1.词性可能会变。词性可能会变。2.2.错一题，可能会错两题。错一题，可能会错两题。特点和难点特点和难点第5页第一句话完整，常为句子大意第一句话完整，常为句子大意.15选选10，常考名词、动词、副词、形容，常考名词、动词、副词、形容词、连词词、连词.关键是从语法角度确定选词处词性，然关键是从语法角度确定选词处词性，然后进行区分。后进行区分。篇章选词篇章选词=语法语法+词性词性考点考点第6页.6 厄尔尼诺现象厄尔尼诺现象.12 女性融入职场推进经济发展女性融入职场推进经济发展.6 疼痛对人产生影响疼痛对人产生影响.12“和平学校和平学校”缔造和平教育缔造和平教育.6 接收挑战，相信自己能够创造奇迹接收挑战，相信自己能够创造奇迹.12 读书意义读书意义.6 其实写作并不难其实写作并不难.12 父亲对孩子语言能力发展影响比母亲要父亲对孩子语言能力发展影响比母亲要大大题材分析题材分析第7页选词填空要求熟悉选项、通读全文、把握文章结构与大意前提下，依据所提供词汇及句子结构、语法和语篇等信息，经过逻辑推理、对比等伎俩最终确定答案。第8页选词填空时间安排:四步四步时间分配：时间分配：7 7分钟分钟=25 18=25 18（18 18 分钟留给分钟留给Section BSection B两篇常规阅读，选词填空题要给两篇常规阅读，选词填空题要给出出7 7分钟）分钟）firstly：Scan全文：全文：1 M 1分钟分钟(也可也可scan 第一第一段明确全文主旨段明确全文主旨)secondly：标注：标注词性词性 1m (not necessarily)thirdly：选词：选词填空填空：4m fourthly：回顾：回顾检验检验 1m第9页选词填空时间安排:第一步第一步第一步：第一步：Scan全文：全文：快速扫描文章，预测缺省信息词性，对个别题目作出预测(1分分钟钟)主要关注文章中包括人物、事件、地方、原因以及结果。(Theme,key words,and key points)Scan 全文时候，有些很显著答案能够先选择。第10页选词填空时间安排:第二步第二步整理选项：整理选项：标注词性，预先分组(1分钟分钟)对于熟悉单词词性心中要有数，或简单标明。对于熟悉单词词性心中要有数，或简单标明。对于对于动词与名词同形动词与名词同形词，做个词，做个特殊记号特殊记号。如。如&不熟悉单词或者不认识单词做个不熟悉单词或者不认识单词做个特殊标识特殊标识,如如!两种选择：一，标熟悉单词，二，两种选择：一，标熟悉单词，二，标出不熟悉单标出不熟悉单词词。怎样区分所给词词性？怎样确定空格内所需词词性？第11页选词填空时间安排:第三步第三步选词填空：选词填空：(4分钟分钟)首先，依据空格前后决定所填词词性。其次，利用逻辑关系词确定答案。或利用context内容确定答案。第12页当前四级考试当前四级考试只考实词只考实词（notional words）中四种：）中四种：名词名词n、动词动词v、形容词、形容词adj、副词、副词adv；（不考代词和数词；也不考（不考代词和数词；也不考虚词（冠词虚词（冠词art,介词介词prep,连词连词conj,感叹词感叹词interj）特点：四种实词中，考最少是副词特点：四种实词中，考最少是副词adv,不超不超出两个空。剩下三种平均每次有三道题。依出两个空。剩下三种平均每次有三道题。依据真题，动词一直是考三个。另外三种词性，据真题，动词一直是考三个。另外三种词性，有两个，也有四个。有两个，也有四个。第13页3.3.动词归类要细分为动词归类要细分为v v，v-ed,v-ingv-ed,v-ing。因为一。因为一个空能够填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是个空能够填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是-ing -ing 形式要自己依据语法判断。形式要自己依据语法判断。标注词性时注意问题标注词性时注意问题1.1.不认识单词看词缀不认识单词看词缀2.2.认识单词要注意词性单一性和多样性认识单词要注意词性单一性和多样性比如：有词比如：有词display,concern,challengedisplay,concern,challenge做名做名词和做动词都很常见词和做动词都很常见.这时两个都要标出来先标你这时两个都要标出来先标你脑子里第一个出现词性。脑子里第一个出现词性。第14页另外另外,以以-ing,-ed-ing,-ed 结尾词也可能是分词转变结尾词也可能是分词转变而来形容词，如而来形容词，如holding holding 做动词：做动词：Shes holding her mothers hand.Shes holding her mothers hand.做形容词：做形容词：holding company(holding company(控股企业控股企业)；再如再如acquiredacquired做动词：做动词：academic skills he academic skills he acquired.acquired.做形容词：做形容词：a newly acquired a newly acquired jacket(jacket(新买夹克新买夹克)。第15页怎样区分词性？动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。非谓语动词包含：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。过去分词有两种可能性(规则动词与不规则动词),无法确定时标问号？不认识词看词缀affixes。构词法中,前缀(prefix)大多区分词义,后缀(suffix)区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致分出词性。例外：如en-able=enable第16页词义前缀Negative prefixes:A-asexual,asymmetry,anarchyDis-dishonest,disorderIn-(im,il):Un-unfriendly,unexpectedDe-decentralize,deforest第17页Pejorative prefixes:Mal(badly),malnutritionMis(wrongly),mislead,misunderstandPseudo(false,imitating),pseudonym,第18页Prefixes of degree or size:Co(joint):coexistence,colleague,Hyper(extreme):hypersensitive,Mini:minibike,Out(surpassing):outnumberOver-,sub-,super-,Bi-,tri-第19页Prefixes of orientation or attitudeAnti-Contra-(opposite):contradictionPro-Prefixes of time and orderEx-,re-Fore-foresee,foreshadow,第20页词性后缀 root+=?以-ion,-age,-ness,-ity,-ship,-ace,-ance,-ancy,-ence,-ency,-dom,-itude,-um或-mony 结尾大都是名词；以-ize,-ise,-fy结尾大都是动词；以-ive,-ent,-ant,-ful,-ous,-able,-ary,-ic,-cal或-less结尾是大都是形容词；以-ly,-ways或-wise 结尾大都是副词 第21页-ed 形式词（过去分词）在句中既能够做谓语动词（过去时）或谓语动词一部分（完成时），又能够做形容词。要仔细区分。-ing(现在分词)在句中既能够做进行时中谓语动词一部分，又可做形容词，还能够做名词，要仔细区分context 需求。第22页怎样确定空格内单词词性？1.确定空格为名词 (1)空格前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动词，空格处应填入名词;a/an/the+_;vt+_.(2)空格后面是动词，空格处应填入该动词主语(名词);_+谓语动词(3)空格前面是介词，空格充当介词宾语，应填入名词或动名词。第23页2.确定空格为动词确定空格为动词(1)空格前面已经有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词主语，空格处应为及物动词;主语n/pron+谓语vt+宾语 n/pron(2)空格前面是名词/代词，后面没 有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词;n/pron+谓语动词vi (3)空格前面是名词/代词，后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词，与副词/介词组成固定搭配;n/pron+谓语动词+adv/prep(4)空格前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词;n/pron+link v+adj(5)空格前面有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形;若to是介词，应填入动名词。(1）-（4）为句中所需谓语动词，有时态、语态和人称改变，（5）为非谓语动词第24页3.确定空格为形容词:修饰名词或表示状态(1)空格后面为名词，空格处应填入形容词;_+N.(充当宾语或主语)(2)空格前面是副词，空格处应填入形容词;adv+_（充当表语或定语）(3)空格前面是系动词，空格处应填入形容词作表语.Be,become,fall ill,keep silent,look/seem tired,grow old,4.确定空格为副词:修饰动作或状态词(1)空格前面为动词，空格处应填入副词;(2)空格后面是形容词，空格处应填入副词。第25页Context 中逻辑关系？常见逻辑关系词以下：(1)并列关系：and,or,as well as 等(2)对比或转折关系：but,however,on the contrary,rather than,though 等(3)比较关系：as.as,like,similarly等(4)因果关系：because,for,since,as a result of,therefore,thus 等(5)举例关系：for example,for instance,such as,and so on 等(6)递进关系：whats more,moreover,in addition 等第26页确定词性(名词)实例前为冠词：Passage 1,blank 1.(P1B1)This is,however,a _.P4B3:we keep putting off a _ that we are force to take up.P3 B4:as they grow older,the _gradually diminishes.前为形容词：P1B8:It may have been a sharp_ of the pupils technical abilities in writing.misunderstandingtaskamountcriticism第27页充当主语（前面同时又是冠词）P3 B10:The _ for human beings is probably about a week.介词宾语：P4B10:In such a _,I work as hard as I can.（前面同时又是冠词）P2 B 10:you go by the other persons _.P3 B 2:annoyance and problems are seen in a better _.（前面同时又是冠词）*复数代表一类人P3B3 谓语动词为sleep,主语需要第三人称复数形式或与之对应名字形式。选项：Limit situationdemandperspectiveinfants第28页确定谓语动词实例P3B6:Napolean,Toamas Edison and Charles Darwin apparently _ only four to six hours a night.（分析：时态过去时。唯一选择：averaged.这一句缺乏谓语）P2 B5 They _”assertiveness training”courses.(有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词，此处缺乏一个谓语动词，第三称复数形式。跟course搭配。)offer第29页在Passages中找更多例子P1B5 encourageP1B9 had failed (谓语动词一部分，完成时)P3B1 disapearsP4B5 We 和it之间缺乏一个动词，postpone.P5B5 share P5 B6 interviewedP5B10 might be involved.（被动语态）(谓语动词在我们5个passages选项中，几乎占1/5)第30页确定非谓语动词实例P2B9:you start to _ your own good sense.P2 B7:In one way,learning to speak out is to _ fear.doubtovercome第31页More examples of infinitives你能在5 passages 中找出更多需要非谓语动词（不定式）中需要动词句子吗？P1 B6 expressP2B4 help people _ themselves.P4B2 compoundP4B8 prevent不定代词在所给5篇50个选项中百分比超出1/10.第32页确定选项为形容词实例(系动词)P1B7 This work is _.(terrible)P2B6 They learn to be more _ without hurting other people.(active)P4B4 Either because it is too _ or it is too difficult.(tedious)P4B9 Here we are not _ to get started but (reluctant)第33页确定选项为副词 1修饰动作词P2B1 Have you ever been afread to talk back when you were treated _.选项E F 均为副词，要找一个修饰treated.unfairly第34页确定选项为副词2修饰形容词P1B3 There are,however,_ different ideas about how to teach it,or how much 分析：此句不缺乏任何主要句子成份（主谓宾），只缺乏一个修饰different adj词,表示different程度之广。“Vastly“为正确选择。另一个副词干扰选项为”specifically”.More example:P4 B 6第35页A)scaleA)scaleB)retailedB)retailedC)generateC)generateD)extremeD)extremeE)technicallyE)technicallyF)affordableF)affordableG)situationG)situationH)reallyH)reallyI)potentialI)potentialJ)gapJ)gapK)voluntaryK)voluntaryL)excessiveL)excessiveM)insultedM)insultedN)purchaseN)purchaseO)primarilyO)primarily The flood of women into the job market boosted economic growth and changed U.S.society in many ways.Many in-home jobs that used to be done_47_ by women-ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to do ing _48_ work-still need to be done by someone.Husbands and children now do some of these jobs,a _49_ that has changed the target market for many products.Or a working woman may face a crushing“poverty of time“and look for help elsewhere,creating opportunities for producers of frozen meals,child care centers,dry cleaners,financial services,and the like.Although there is still a big wage _50_ between men and women,the income working women _51_ gives them new independence and buying power.For example,women now _52_ about half of all cars.Not long ago,many cars dealers _53_ women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their husbands.Now car companies have realized that women are _54_ customers.Its interesting that some leading Japanese car dealers were the first to _55_ pay attention to women customers.In Japan,fewer women have jobs or buy cars-the Japanese society is still very much maleoriented.Perhaps it was the _56_ contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers.第36页解题须知解题须知第37页所谓所谓语感语感，就是对语言感觉，它是在平时学习和阅读中形，就是对语言感觉，它是在平时学习和阅读中形成一个潜在语言能力。有时候是你无法解释理由，但你选成一个潜在语言能力。有时候是你无法解释理由，但你选项是正确。项是正确。固定搭配：在选词填空中，约定俗成固定搭配不是很多，诸固定搭配：在选词填空中，约定俗成固定搭配不是很多，诸如，我们所说如，我们所说idomsidoms等。不过，对固定搭配另外一个了解是等。不过，对固定搭配另外一个了解是这种搭配很常见，比如：汉语说这种搭配很常见，比如：汉语说“学知识学知识”，而英语不说，而英语不说“learn knowledge”,“learn knowledge”,而是而是“acquire knowledge”;“acquire knowledge”;还有，还有，要描述要描述 rain rain 很大，我们用很大，我们用heavyheavy修饰；当我们说修饰；当我们说heavy heavy traffictraffic是表示交通拥堵。另外，非常主要一点是注意小品是表示交通拥堵。另外，非常主要一点是注意小品词，即我们通常所说词，即我们通常所说to,in,on,at,fromto,in,on,at,from等等等等,因为在因为在某种程度上，它们能给我们关于选择项提醒。如：某种程度上，它们能给我们关于选择项提醒。如：my my for her moved her.(attitude;love)for her moved her.(attitude;love)第38页 the income the income gives them new independence and buying power.gives them new independence and buying power.For example,women now _ about half of all cars.For example,women now _ about half of all cars.正向并列：正向并列：buying buying 同义词暗示同义词暗示 purchase.purchase.对复杂句结构分析能帮助我们对句子成份愈加清楚，能清对复杂句结构分析能帮助我们对句子成份愈加清楚，能清楚地确定空格处所需填入词汇词性，甚至可能意思。楚地确定空格处所需填入词汇词性，甚至可能意思。上下文逻辑关系也对选项产生影响。大家需要关注形式上逻辑上下文逻辑关系也对选项产生影响。大家需要关注形式上逻辑关系和意义上逻辑关系。所谓形式上逻辑关系就是我们通常讲关系和意义上逻辑关系。所谓形式上逻辑关系就是我们通常讲因果，让步，递进等；而意义上逻辑关系就是以语篇表示意思因果，让步，递进等；而意义上逻辑关系就是以语篇表示意思为线索，前后文中，意义上存在那些关系。比如说，描述一个为线索，前后文中，意义上存在那些关系。比如说，描述一个人心情改变，心情好时，应该使用是主动词汇，而心情不好时人心情改变，心情好时，应该使用是主动词汇，而心情不好时则使用消极词汇。当然，形式和意思之间存在紧密联络，不能则使用消极词汇。当然，形式和意思之间存在紧密联络，不能割裂开来。割裂开来。第39页逻辑联络：并列关系P3B1 During sleep,the fatigue of the body _ and recuperation begins.选项：由and 连接并列句。需要动词，与主语fatigue一致，所以选单三形式现在时：全篇只有一个这么词，无干扰项。答案：disappears.第40页对比或转折关系P1 B1 There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.This is,however,a _.作者写作方法是先立（popular belief）后破(however)。作者用了however表示转折,证实popular belief is wrong belief.表示wrong belief 词 一要名词，而要词义相符。所以选择答案为：misunderstanding.第41页P4 B 7 The remedy is obvious,though perhaps not _ to apply.选项应为：1 形容词，2，词义与obvious形成转折，显著，不过不见得是轻易接收。答案：Easy.第42页并列+因果P5 B 8Others hoped that by helping someone now,they would deserve care when they bacame old and _.Analyze:1 需要一个与old并列形容词。2 需要帮助，不但仅因为是old,还因为他/她生活无法自理。从词性和词义上，选 F dependent.第43页怎样利用context 内容来确定选项Context中名词、代词等词，有前指或后指功效，也有彼此解释功效。E.g 1:P2 B 8 But AT uses an even stronger _-the need to share.Analyze:“the need to share”是对an even stronger 内容解释，证实这个even stronger 内容也是一个need,想要分享感觉是一个 motive.愿望，动机。第44页E.g 2:P3 B 10 这个选项需要从整段context中去推测。Investigators have tried to find out how long a person can go without sleep.Several people have reached more than 115 hours,nearly five days,whereas animals kept awake from five to eight days have died of exhaustion.The _ for human beings is probably about a week.分析：研究者试图发觉人能够不眠how long.发觉动物5-8天就抵达了死亡：不眠极限。所以这里所缺选项是表示人假如一周不眠则抵达极限：limit.第45页Similarly 分析词性、句中逻辑关系以及context不但在选词填空中非常主要，这类解析方法也可延伸至close test.在阅读了解和听力了解中也能够帮助我们predict what we are going to hear.所以：banked cloze 是一道学生英语综合能力考查题。第46页limiteddetermining1)Indeed,pain is now considered the fifth vital sign,as important as blood pressure,temperature,breathing rate and pulse in _49_ a persons well-being.2)Decades ago,there were only a _55_ number of drugs available,第47页(specialize)(complain)(bring)1.In particular,when older patients _ of pain，they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.2.The rainfall is increased across South America，_ floods to Peru.3.Thats why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who _ in pain medicine、第48页