大学英语四级考试之段落翻译省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

大学英语四级考试 之 段落翻译段落翻译第1页试题类型：试题类型：翻译部分测试学生把汉语所承载信息用英语表示出来能力，所占分值百分比为15%，考试时间30分钟。翻译题型为段落汉译英。翻译内容包括中国历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字。Part IV Translation(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.剪纸（剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流行传统民间艺术形式之一。）是中国最为流行传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年历史，在明朝和清朝时期（中国剪纸有一千五百多年历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）尤其流行。人们惯用剪纸美化居家环境。）尤其流行。人们惯用剪纸美化居家环境。尤其是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增尤其是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆气氛。剪纸最惯用颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国加喜庆气氛。剪纸最惯用颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人礼品。剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人礼品。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。第2页评分标准：评分标准：本题满分为15分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。各档次评分标准见下表：档次评分标准13-15分译文准确表示了原文意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。10-12分译文基本上表示了原文意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。7-9分译文勉强表示了原文意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。4-6分译文仅表示了一小部分原文意思。用词不准确，有相当多严重语言错误。1-3分译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表示原文意思。0分未作答，或只有几个孤立词，或译文与原文毫不相关。第3页考生做题时常出现错误：考生做题时常出现错误：1.完全不论句子逻辑结构，直接把全部词汇和完全不论句子逻辑结构，直接把全部词汇和短语按汉字句子次序摆放；短语按汉字句子次序摆放；2.英语单词各种词性不分；英语单词各种词性不分；3.忽略英语动词（忽略英语动词（vt.&vi.）时态和语态，人称）时态和语态，人称和数改变；和数改变；4.缺乏段落中各句子之间衔接和过渡，一个缺乏段落中各句子之间衔接和过渡，一个“，”就了事；就了事；第4页做题步骤：做题步骤：1.以句子为单位，确定重点词和词组译法（找不以句子为单位，确定重点词和词组译法（找不到准确能够简单意译），一定要注意所选单到准确能够简单意译），一定要注意所选单词词词词性性；2.分解句子，抓住主干，划清成份，确立句型；分解句子，抓住主干，划清成份，确立句型；3.时态，语态确定后组句；时态，语态确定后组句；4.检验单词拼写，动、名、形相关搭配；检验单词拼写，动、名、形相关搭配；5.检验主谓一致，人称，数；检验主谓一致，人称，数；6.检验句与句之间衔接。检验句与句之间衔接。第5页真题解析真题解析：你要茶还是咖啡?是用餐人常被问到问题。许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国一位帝王于五千年前发觉了茶，并用来治病。在明清(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国。饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到17和18世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行饮料(beverage)之一。茶是中国民族饮品，也是中国传统和文化主要组成部分。第6页LOGO“Would you like tea or coffee?”This is a question which the dining people are frequently asked.Some westerners tend to choose coffee,while the Chinese usually choose tea.There is a legend that one Chinese emperor found tea 5,000 years ago and used it to cure illnesses.During the Ming and Q ing Dynasties,tea houses were widespread throughout China.Tea-drinking was spread to Japan in the 6th century but to Europe and America until the 18th century.Nowadays,tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world.Tea is the treasure of China,and it is also an important part of the Chinese tradition and culture.第7页技巧一：主语选择主语选择第8页1.主谓合理搭配例：1.现在全世界各地都在学习中国功夫。2.中国人交朋友，最主要标准是“诚”和“信”。Chinese people try to maintain two most important principles in friendship:sincerity and faithfulness.Nowadays,Chinese Kung fu is being learned all across the world.第9页2.突出句子话题例：1.茶品种不一样，制法也不一样。2.人们学习功夫目标是防卫而不是攻击。People learn kung fu not to attack but to defend.Tea differs in type and method of production.第10页3.注意句子平衡例：1.游览北京、上海、西安，最好是在春秋两季。2.花上两天时间游览西湖及周围景点较为适当。It is advisable for tourists to take two days to tour West lake and the scenic spots around it.Spring and autumn are the best times to tour cities like Beijing,Shanghai and Xian.第11页技巧二：无主语翻译无主语翻译第12页1.译为被动句例：1.自古以来，各种仪式和祭奠都要用酒。2.通常把茶分为清茶、红茶、花茶三类，味道各有不一样。Liquor has been used since ancient times in ceremonies and sacrifices.Tea is often classified into green tea,black tea and flower tea,each with its own taste.第13页2.增添主语例：1.要更加好地了解中国，能够有很多视角。2.中国历史上产生了许多出色哲学家、思想家、政治家、军事家、科学家和文学艺术家，留下了浩如烟海文化典籍。In its history China has produced many outstanding philosophers,thinkers,statesmen,strategists,scientists,writers and artists and left us numerous volumes of literature.To understand China better,one may approach it from different angles.第14页3.译为存在句、祈使句等特殊句型例：1.从前没有商场，也没有公共聚会地方，市镇上只有庙会。2.必须在中国社会发扬孝顺父母美德。it is necessary to promote the virtue of filial piety in Chinese society.There used to be no shopping malls or any places for public gatherings except temple fairs in cities and towns.第15页技巧三：调整语序调整语序第16页1.句内语序调整（1）定语位置调整：）定语位置调整：例：在庙会期间，你能够看到无数男女老少游客，和许多大大小小摊子。During the temple fair,you can see countless tourists:men and women,old and young.There are also many vendor stands,both big and small.第17页1.句内语序调整（2）状语位置调整：）状语位置调整：例：1.老子教诲人们要谦和，一个人要长久生存，要想防止危险，柔弱和谦和是最主要条件。2.中国经过丝绸之路给西域各国带去了丝绸织物、火药和印刷术。Lao Zi preaches modesty because softness and modesty are the most important elements to avoiding danger and living a long life.China brought silk,gunpowder,and printing techniques to the West via the Silk Road.第18页2.句间语序调整例：1.一个人不论做什么事，都不要使自己父母感到羞耻，这才是真正孝顺。2.假如有些人认为中国人好用武力，动不动就用拳脚来处理问题，那就大错特错了。one is truly filial when he never puts his parents in shame no matter what he does.It is utterly wrong to imagine that Chinese people are liable to use force and resolve problems through violence.第19页技巧四：词性转换法词性转换法第20页1.动词转译（1）汉语动词转译为英语名词：）汉语动词转译为英语名词：例：1.上海发展，从一个侧面反应了中国所发生巨大改变。2.假如中国人说自己才疏学浅，这是因为他以为自己所知有限，同时也是怕自己知识不能让你感到满足。When Chinese people say they have little talent or learning,it is motivated by their awareness of the limits of their knowledge,and their fear that they cannot satisfy.The growth is Shanghai is one reflection of the tremendous changes that have taken place in China.第21页1.动词转译（2）汉语动词转译为英语介词）汉语动词转译为英语介词例：秋天，菊花不怕风霜，不怕严寒，傲然开放。In autumn,the chrysanthemums blossom against wind,frost,and bitter cold.第22页2.名词转译例：按照古人说法，四季特征是“春生，夏长，秋收，冬藏”。According to traditional proverbs,the four seasons are characterized by different events:birth in spring,growth in summer,harvest in autumn and storage in winter.第23页3.形容词转译例：1.在除夕，全部出门人一定要赶回家吃年夜饭，全家团圆，屋子里充满了欢乐气氛。2.在中国人生活当中，酒和茶是不可缺乏东西。liquor and tea are necessities in the life of Chinese people.Those living away from home will return for a family reunion dinner on New Years Eve,when happiness pervades the home.第24页技巧五：动词动词时态时态第25页1.普通现在时例：1.认干儿子和干女儿，倒不一定是因为自己孤独。2.所谓“开门七件事”，就是柴米油盐酱醋茶。The so-called Seven Necessities of Daily Life refer to fuel,rice,oil,salt,sauce,vinegar and tea.Taking on a godson or goddaughter does not necessarily come from loneliness.第26页2.现在完成时例：1.千百年来，泰山以其壮丽景色，吸引了海内外无数游客。2.中国人创造了罗盘，却并没有制造兵舰横行四海。Chines people invented the compass,but have never used it to make warships to prowl about the seas.Over hundreds of years,Mount Tai has attracted both domestic and foreign visitors with its spectacular scenery.第27页3.普通过去时例：1.据史书记载，商朝人就是因为太喜欢喝酒，沉迷放纵，终于亡国。前，秦始皇修筑长城是防御性。The first emperor of the Qin Dynasty commanded the building of the Great Wall years ago for the purpose of defense.According to historical records,people in the Shang Dynasty were fond of drinking liquor,indulging in it as an obsession until at last the nation was conquered.第28页技巧六：减译法减译法第29页1.省略或替换重复词（1）省略或替换）省略或替换形式形式重复词：重复词：例：1.中国人一直热爱自由，热爱和平。2.在吃方面，中国各省习惯不一样，口味也不一样。3.中国人认为，人应该同情他人，关心他人，而且帮助他人。Chinese people believe that we should have sympathy and concern for others and give them our assistance.Eating habits and tastes differ from province to province in China.or Eating habits differ in the provinces of China,and so do tastes.Chinese people have long loved freedom and peace.第30页1.省略或替换重复词（2）省略或替换）省略或替换语义语义重复词：重复词：例：1.直到今天，中国人依然重视孝道。一个不孝顺父母人，处处受人轻视，极难在社会上立足。2.一个人先要学习刻苦耐劳，等到内心能安详宁静，大师才肯教授功夫。Chinese people still cherish filial piety till today.Those who fail to demonstrate it will be despised and unable to secure a place in society.Only when one learns to endure hardships and have inner peace can the masters teach him kung fu.第31页2.省略范围词例：1.耍狮子、舞长龙、划龙舟这些活动不但能够到达娱乐目标，同时也培养了人们合作精神。2.谦虚是中国人美德。不论一个人地位有多高，学问有多么了不起，他都不应该盛气凌人，用粗鲁、高傲态度去对待他人。Modesty is a virtue of Chinese people.No matter how high his position is,nor how learned he is,one should not put on airs or treat others rudely and arrogantly.The activities of the lion dance,the long dragon dance and dragon boat rowing are performed not only to entertain,but also to train the performers to be cooperative.第32页技巧七：增译法增译法第33页1.增译使译文语法结构完整例：1.在京剧脸谱中，黑色代表刚直，白色代表背叛和狡诈。2.松竹梅不受寒冬影响，有君子气节，被称为“岁寒三友”。Pines,bamboos and plum blossoms are called the three companions of winter because they represent the integrity of gentlemen living against the harsh cold winter.In the masks of the Beijing opera,black stands for uprightness,while white signals treachery and deception.第34页2.增译使译文句义明确例：1.古代中国人以为月亮可爱又神秘，连苏东坡也不禁要问：“明月几时有？把酒问青天。”2.我国端午节是纪念屈原日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子。On Dragon Boat Festival,a day set aside in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan,people will hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi,a kind of glutinous rice dumpling wrapped in bamboo leaves.The ancient Chinese felt the moon was lovely and yet mysterious.Su Dongpo,a great poet of the Song Dynasty,wrote the following lines:The bright moon,when will she appear?Wine cup in hand,I ask the blue sky.第35页技巧八：合并译法（一）：合并译法（一）：使用从句使用从句第36页1.使用状语从句例：1.在中国人生活当中，酒和茶即使没有布帛米粟那样主要，却也是不可缺乏东西。2.烧菜是一门艺术。把菜烧熟，人人能做到；把菜烧得味道鲜美，就不那么轻易了。Cooking can be considered an art,since it is easy to simply cook dishes but hard to make dishes tasty and delicious.In the life of Chinese people,liquor and tea are indispensable,though not as important as food and clothing.第37页2.使用定语从句例：1.连接亚欧两大洲贸易通道丝绸之路全程达7000千米，其历史能够追溯到公元前2世纪。2.香港是购物天堂，对各国游客产生了巨大诱惑力。Hong Kong is a shopping mecca that greatly attracts tourists from all over the world.The 7000-kilometer-long Silk Road is a trade thoroughfare linking the continents of Asia and Europe,which could date back to the second century B.C.第38页3.使用同位语从句例：1.许多人得出这么结论：从久远来看，花钱请专业人员来干比自己动手更经济。2.发展是硬道理，我们都必须坚持这一标准。We should all embrace the principle that development is the absolute truth.Many people have come to the conclusion that the expense of paying professionals to do work is,in the long run,less than that of doing it themselves.第39页技巧九：合并译法（二）：合并译法（二）：使用非谓语动词使用非谓语动词第40页1.使用分词例：1.天坛首建于14，是中国传统建筑一个典范。2.长江是世界上第三大河，全长6300千米，流域面积180万平方千米。3.黄浦江纵横南北，把上海分为两部分。The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world,stretching 6300 kilometers with a basin of 1.8 million square kilometers.The Temple of heaven,first built in 1420,is a masterpiece of traditional Chinese architecture.The Huangpu River flows across Shanghai from north to south,dividing the city into two.第41页2.使用动词不定式例：1.中国房子通常都坐北朝南，方便接收冬天阳光和夏日清风。2.只要有耐心去练，任何人都能够熟练地使用筷子享用中餐。Anyone can use chopsticks well enough to enjoy a Chinese meal as long as he patiently practices.Chinese houses usually face the south so as to have warm sunshine in winter and cool breezes in summer.第42页技巧十：合并译法（三）：合并译法（三）：使用短语使用短语第43页1.使用名词短语例：1.中国古代读书人要想替国家做事，必须先把家庭治理好。2.杭州是中国“丝绸之府”，丝绸产品品种繁多。3.月饼是圆，象征团圆意思。Hangzhou,the home of silk in China,boasts a great variety of silk products.For ancient scholars of China,civil service for the country should follow good government of their families.The mooncakes are round,a symbol of the reunion of the family.第44页2.使用介词短语例：1.北京是世界历史文化名城，有3000多年历史，有着众多名胜古迹。2.西湖一年四季都美不胜收。宋代著名诗人苏东坡用“淡妆浓抹总相宜”诗句来赞誉西湖。Because of its year-round beauty,West Lake was praised by famous Song Dynasty poet Su Dongpo,who described it as a beautiful lady who is always charming,whether her makeup is light or heavy.Beijing is a famous historical and cultural city in the world,with numerous sites of interest and a history of 3000 years.第45页2.使用介词短语例：3.伴随时代进步，中国人娱乐方式也改变了。With the advance of time,the entertainment of the Chinese has also changed.The advance of time have brought about changes in the entertainment preferred by Chinese people.第46页技巧十一：“让让”字句译法字句译法第47页1.省略“让”字例：1.灾难让世界认识到中国公民社会力量，也让世界看到了中国未来。Through this disaster,the world has realized the power of Chinas civil society and also Chinas promising future.第48页2.采取及物动词例：1.有些人认为只要让父母吃得好，穿得好，就算尽了孝道。其实这只是形式。2.中国文化包容性让全世界为之赞叹。Some believe that they have fulfilled filial piety by feeding and dressing their parents well.In reality,these are merely superficial actions.The tolerance of Chinese culture has amazed the world.第49页3.译为被动句例：1.尊重他人，自然会让他人尊重。2.在中国传统故事里，英雄和武士都像文雅儒者。一个张牙舞爪武士，是让人看不起。In traditional Chinese stories,heroes and warriors are refined scholars.A threatening warrior brandishing his weapons is despised.If you respect others,you will be respected by them.第50页4.采取含有“使”动意义动词例：1.眼睛是灵魂窗户，我们看见外界，同时也让人看到我们内心。2.中国人在清明节祭祖，不但是思念死去亲人，同时也是让活着人给自己寻找一个寄托。Ancestors worship by the Chinese people on Tomb-sweeping Day is not only to commemorate deceased relatives,but also to enable the living to find hope for themselves.As windows to the soul,eyes let us see the outside world and at the same time allow others to see our inner thoughts.第51页技巧十二：“使使”字句译法字句译法第52页1.译为及物动词/词组例：1.依据传说，诗人屈原为了使醉生梦死君臣觉醒，在农历五月五日投江自尽。2.周庄曾经是个默默无闻小镇，直到陈逸飞把它画进了油画，才使全世界为之倾倒。Legend has it that the poet Qu Yuan,in order to wake up a befuddled emperor and his officials,jumped into the river and committed suicide on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.Zhouzhuang used to be an unknown small town until ChenYifei put it in oil paintings that have since enchanted the whole world.第53页2.采取英语中含有使动含义动词例：1.父母在世时候，儿女要孝敬奉养，使他们晚年过得高兴。2.丝绸之路沿途大量历史文物，自然风景及地方文化，使“丝绸之路游”成为世界上最精彩旅游项目之一。A wealth of historical relics,fascinating scenery and interesting local cultures along the Silk Road make the Silk Road Trip one of the worlds most exciting tourist attractions.When parents are alive,their children should respect and support them to make their twilight years happy.第54页3.省略“使”字例：1.近年来香港购物旅游热，使香港成为世界上旅游业发展最快城市。2.中国人认为假如能够跳出自我小圈子，不追求物质享受，使自己心灵进入一个高超境界，那就是高雅。Chinese people believe that true elegance is to go beyond ones ego and reject the pursuit of physical pleasure so that ones spirit can enter a supreme realm.With the craze for shopping and touring in Hong Kong,the city has become one of the fatest developing tourist destinations in the world.第55页技巧十三：汉语习语翻译汉语习语翻译第56页1.省略原文文化意象例：1.山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。2.民以食为天，食以安为先。After encountering all kinds of difficulties and hardships,at the end of the day we will see light at the end of the tunnel.Food is mans first necessity,and safety is the top priority for food.第57页2.改变原文文化意象例：1.吃一堑，长一智。2.千里之堤，溃于蚁穴。3.苏州自唐代以来就有“鱼米之乡”美称。A thousand-mile long dam may collapse because of an ant nest.A fall in the pit,a gain in your wit.Suzhou has enjoyed a reputation as a land of milk and honey ever since the Tang Dynasty.第58页3.保留原文中文化意象例：1.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。2.三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Chkeh Liang the master mind.How can you catch tiger cubs without entering the tigers lair?第59页技巧十四：采取亮点结构和句型采取亮点结构和句型第60页1.并列结构例：1.中国各地酿酒原料不尽相同：北方用高粱，南方用稻米。2.庙会就是大型市场，游逛和购物人占大多数，烧香拜佛人反而极少。The materials for making liquor vary in China:sorghum is used in the north and rice in the south.The temple fairs are large markets where most people stroll around shopping,while fewer people burn incense and worship gods.第61页2.无动词分句例：1.中国房子面朝南，冬暖夏凉，住在里面非常舒适。2.中国是个多民族国家，过新年形式各种多样。A multi-ethnic country,Chinese boasts a wide variety of ways to celebrate the new year.Warm in winter and cool in summer,south-facing Chinese houses are comfortable for accommodation.第62页3.形式主语句例：1.来到向往已久古都北京，我兴奋不已。2.说起中餐，都知道中式菜肴“色、香、味、形”俱全。As to Chinese food,it is commonly believed that Chinese cuisine has the perfect combination of color,aroma,taste and appearance.It gives me a great pleasure to come to Beijing,a historical capital that I have long wanted to visit.第63页Thank U！第64页第65页第66页第67页第68页LOGO应对方法：1.确定“主语+谓语”基本组句框架，抓住主干，确立句型（单句？并列句？复合句？独立结构？）。尤其是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加尤其是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆气氛。喜庆气氛。剪纸最惯用颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。剪纸最惯用颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人礼品。在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人礼品。During the Spring Festival