专题19-NASA宣布ULA机器人发射-2024届高中英语时文阅读外刊精练(解析版).docx

高中英语时文阅读外刊精选精练
专题19
NASA宣布ULA机器人发射
【原文·外刊阅读】
NASA Invites Media to First Astrobotic, ULA Robotic Artemis Moon Launch
（文章来源：NASA）
Media accreditation is open for the first United States commercial robotic flight to the Moon’s surface as part of NASA’s CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) initiative and Artemis program.
Carrying NASA and commercial payloads, Astrobotic will launch its Peregrine lander on United Launch Alliance’s (ULA) Vulcan rocket no earlier than Sunday, Dec. 24, from Space Launch Complex 41 at the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. This is the inaugural launch of ULA’s new Vulcan rocket.
Astrobotic’s Peregrine Mission One will land on the Moon in early 2024. The NASA payloads aboard the lunar lander aim to help the agency develop capabilities needed to explore the Moon under Artemis ahead of sending astronauts to the lunar surface.
Media prelaunch and launch activities will take place at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Attendance for this launch is open to U.S. citizens and international media. U.S. media must apply by Friday, Dec. 8, and international media must apply by Thursday, Nov. 9.
Media interested in participating in person must apply at:
https://media.ksc.nasa.gov
Credentialed media will receive a confirmation email upon approval. NASA’s media accreditation policy is available online. For questions about accreditation or to request special logistical support such as space for satellite trucks, tents, or electrical connections, please email by Wednesday, Dec. 13, to: [e-mail]. For other questions, please contact NASA Kennedy’s newsroom at: 321-867-2468.
Para obtener información sobre cobertura en español en el Centro Espacial Kennedy o si desea solicitar entrevistas en español, comuníquese con Antonia Jaramillo o Messod Bendayan a: [e-mail] o [e-mail].
In May 2019, NASA awarded Astrobotic its first CLPS task order. The commercial flight is tracking to become the first launch of the eight delivery orders the agency has awarded to date. NASA is working with multiple vendors to establish a regular cadence of payload lunar deliveries to perform experiments, test technologies, and demonstrate capabilities. Robotically exploring the lunar surface through CLPS will help NASA collect relevant science data, ultimately advancing our lunar knowledge ahead of Artemis missions with crew on and around the Moon.

【原创·阅读理解】
1. When is the earliest launch date for Astrobotic's Peregrine lander carrying NASA and commercial payloads?
A. December 24
B. November 9
C. December 8
D. December 13
【答案】A
【解析】文章提到Peregrine登陆器的发射日期最早为12月24日星期日。故选A项。

2. What is the purpose of NASA's payloads aboard Astrobotic's Peregrine Mission One?
A. To explore Mars.
B. To develop capabilities for Moon exploration.
C. To study asteroids.
D. To test satellite technologies.
【答案】B
【解析】文章中提到NASA的有效载荷旨在帮助该机构在“阿尔忒弥斯计划”下发展探索月球所需的能力。故选B项。

3. How can U.S. media apply for accreditation to cover the launch in person?
A. By emailing NASA Kennedy's newsroom.
B. By applying on the NASA website.
C. By contacting [e-mail].
D. By calling 321-867-2468.
【答案】B
【解析】文章提供了美国媒体的申请链接：https://media.ksc.nasa.gov。故选B项。

4. According to the passage, what is the purpose of robotically exploring the lunar surface through CLPS?
A. To deliver astronauts to the Moon.
B. To test technologies on Mars.
C. To collect relevant science data for NASA.
D. To establish a regular cadence of payload deliveries to Mars.
【答案】C
【解析】文章提到通过CLPS机器探测月球表面将帮助NASA收集相关科学数据，推动阿尔忒弥斯任务前进。故选C项。

【精选·名校好题】
Ⅰ
（2023·银川期中）In 1997, a group of twenty British women made history. Working in five teams with four women in each team, they walked to the North Pole. Apart from one experienced female guide, the other women were all ordinary people who had never done anything like this in their lives before. They managed to survive in an environment which had defeated several very experienced men during the same period.
Once on the ice, each woman had to ski along while dragging a sledge (雪橇) weighing over 50 kilos. This would not have been too bad on a smooth surface, but for long stretches (一片地域), the Arctic ice is pushed up into huge piles two or three meters high and the sledges had to be pulled up on side and carefully let down the other so that they didn’t crash. The temperature was always below freezing point and sometimes strong winds made walking while pulling so much weight almost impossible. It was also very difficult to put up their tents when they stopped each night.
In such conditions the women were making good progress if they covered fourteen or fifteen kilometers a day. But there was another problem. Part of the journey was across a frozen sea with moving water underneath the ice and at some points the team would drift (漂流) back more than five kilometers during the night. That meant that after walking in these very terrible conditions for ten hours on one day, they had to spend part of the next day covering the same ground again. Furthermore, each day it would take three hours from waking up to setting off and another three hours every evening to set up the camp and prepare the evening meal.
So, how did they manage to succeed? They realized that they were part of a team. If any one of them didn’t pull her sledge or get her job done, she would endanger the success of the whole expedition (远征探险). Any form of selfishness could result in the efforts of everyone else being completely wasted, so personal feelings had to be put to one side. At the end of their journey, the women agreed that it was mental effort far more than physical fitness that got them to the North Pole.
1．What was so extraordinary about the expedition?
A．It was a new experience for most of the women.
B．The women did not have any men with them.
C．The women had not met one another before.
D．There was no one leading it.
2．During the expedition, the women had to be careful to avoid________.
A．being left behind B．damaging the sledges
C．falling over on the ice D．breaking the ice
3．It was difficult for the women to cover 15 kilometers a day because________.
A．they got too tired
B．they kept getting lost
C．the ice was moving backwards
D．the temperatures were very low
4．What can we infer from the text?
A．Experience must be bought.
B．Facts speak louder than words.
C．He who risks nothing gains nothing.
D．Motivation and teamwork achieve goals.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了，一支由20位女士组成的探险团队历经千难万险最终成功到达北极，他们获得成功的关键在于拥有明确的目标和良好的团队意识。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Apart from one experienced female guide, the other women were all ordinary people who had never done anything like this in their lives before.”（除了一个经验丰富的女导游外，其他的女人都是普通人，从来没有做过这样的事情。）可知，这次探险的特别之处是对大多数女性来说，这是一种全新的体验。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This would not have been too bad on a smooth surface, but for long stretches (一片地域), the Arctic ice is pushed up into huge piles two or three meters high and the sledges had to be pulled up on side and carefully let down the other so that they didn’t crash.”（这在光滑的表面上还不算太糟，但是在漫长的道路上，北极的冰被推成两到三米高的巨大堆，雪橇必须一边拉起来，另一边小心地放下，以免撞坏。）可知，在探险过程中，女人们必须小心避免损坏雪橇。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Part of the journey was across a frozen sea with moving water underneath the ice and at some points the team would drift (漂流) back more than five kilometers during the night. That meant that after walking in these very terrible conditions for ten hours on one day, they had to spend part of the next day covering the same ground again.”（其中一段路程是穿越冰封的海面，冰层下有流动的水，在某些地方，探险队会在夜间往回漂流5公里多。这意味着，一天在这种非常恶劣的条件下走了10个小时后，他们不得不在第二天花一部分时间再次走同样的路。）可知，冰块会在晚上随着下面的水漂流回5公里以上已经走过的地方，她们第二天还要花时间走这段路，所以女人们很难一天跑15公里。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So, how did they manage to succeed? They realized that they were part of a team.”（那么，他们是如何成功的呢？他们意识到他们是一个团队的一部分。）和“At the end of their journey, the women agreed that it was mental effort far more than physical fitness that got them to the North Pole.”（在旅程结束时，她们一致认为，让她们到达北极的是精神上的努力，而不是身体上的健康。）可知，是团队的目标“到达北极”和团体协作使得这次探险取得成功。故选D项。

Ⅱ
（2023·沧州联考）Magnetic fields are promising to be a useful tool in the hunt for human settlements that have been lost to the sea off the coast of the UK. An upcoming project is set to use magnetometry (磁力测定) data to seek Doggerland, the flooded land that connected Britain to mainland Europe until the end of the Ice Age, but there’s hope that this technique could be used to find long-lost civilizations all over the world.
The study comes from the University of Bradford in the UK. Their plan is to closely look at magnetometry data gathered from a portion of the North Sea and attempt to identify any strange anomalies (异常) that could suggest the presence of archaeological structures.
The team is especially keen to use these techniques to look for traces of human activities beneath the North Sea since it’s thought to have been home to some of the largest prehistoric settlements in Europe. Before it was flooded over 8,000 years ago. Doggerland was a rich and diverse habitat that likely attracted prehistoric humans and others. Despite its potential that lays beneath the North Sea, we know relatively little about the culture that once was developed here.
“As the area we are studying used to be above sea level, there’s a small chance this analysis could even reveal evidence for hunter-gatherer activity. That would be the most important part.” Ben Urmston, PhD student at the University of Bradford, said in a statement. “We might also discover the presence of middens, which are rubbish dumps that consist of animal bones, shells and other biological material. that can tell us a lot about how people lived.”
Remarkably little of the world’s oceans have been explored, let alone for the purposes of archaeology. Nevertheless, advances in technology are continuing to show that the coastlines are hiding countless traces of ancient human activities, even evidence of long-lost civilizations.
Thanks to projects like the one at the University of Bradford, as well as many others, the future of marine archaeology is looking promising. Nevertheless, we have to be patient. Just don’t expect to stumble across the sunken city of Atlantis anytime soon.
5．Why is magnetometry data used in this project?
A．To trace the ice movement. B．To measure Doggerland.
C．To find a lost ancient land. D．To explore the history of Britain.
6．What do we know about Doggerland over 8,000 years ago?
A．Its civilization is little known to us. B．It was a place that was often flooded.
C．It was a deserted island with few people. D．Its location has not yet been confirmed.