初中复习英语专题之八年级必背的笔记.docx

词法精选1borrow和lend(1)borrow表示“借；借用”，是从别人那里借来东西，即我们通常所说的“借过来”。如：We often borrow books from our school library.我们经常从学校图书馆借书。Iborrowedthis dictionaryfrommy teacher.我从老师那儿借来了这本词典。(2)lend表示“借给；借出”，是把自己的东西借给别人，即我们通常所说的“借出去”。如：Thank you for lending me your bike.谢谢你把自行车借给我。He oftenlendsmoneytohis brother.他经常借钱给他弟弟。2provide提供；供给(1)provide意为“提供”常用结构：provide sb.with sth.，相当于provide sth.for sb.。如：He provides six poor children with food and clothes.He provides food and clothes for six poor children.他给六个穷孩子提供食物和衣服。(2)同义词offer侧重表示“主动提供”，常用于offer sb.sth./offer sth.to sb.主动提供某人某物。offer to do sth.主动提出做某事，offer后不能接宾语从句。如：She offered me a cup of tea.她给我端了杯茶。3since自以来 （表示一段时间）(1)since作连词时，意为“自以来；从以后”，引导时间状语从句。如：It is two years since we visited your mother.自从我们看望你母亲以来有两年了。He has learnedsome Chinese songs since he came to China.自从他来到中国，他已经学了一些中文歌曲。(2)since作连词时，还意为“由于；因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句。如：Since we dont have money,we cant buy a house.由于我们没有钱，我们买不起一座房子。Since everyone is here, lets begin the meeting.既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧。语气没有because强烈，提一下大家都知道的原因。4drop和fall(1)fall为不及物动词，意为“落下；跌落”。如：The leaves fall in autumn.树叶在秋天落下。The old manfell offthe bike and hurt himself.fall off= falldown fromjump off=jump down from老人从自行车上掉下来，伤了他自己。(2)drop意为“落下；掉下”，既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。如：The bottledroppedandbroke intopieces.瓶子掉下了，摔成碎片。He always played computer games and his grades dropped.他老是玩电脑游戏，他的成绩下降了。He dropped his pen yesterday.昨天他掉了钢笔。句法精析1She didnt do any housework and neither did I.她没有做家务，我也没有做。(1)neither作代词时，常与of连用，意为“两者都不”，作主语时，谓语动词单复数皆可，但在正式文体中，常用单数。如：Neither ofthe cars was/were broken.两部车都没有破。Neither of the answers is/are right.这两个答案都不对。(2)neither of的反义词组为both of,其后的谓语动词必须用复数。如：Both ofmy parents are teachers.我父母都是老师。2Anyway,I think doing chores is not so difficult.反正我觉得做家务也不太难。(1)anyway是一个副词，若位于句首，其后往往会有逗号将其与句子的其他内容隔开。anyway在此句中的作用是追加评论，意为“而且；加之；反正”。如：Anyway, Im free now. Let me go with you.我反正现在闲着没事，就陪你走一趟吧。(2)anyway还可意为“不管怎样；无论如何”。如：Anyway, the news seems to be good for you.无论如何，这个消息对你来说是好的。3The earlier kids learn to be independent,the better it is for their future.孩子越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。“the比较级，the比较级”表示“越越”。如：The more we do for others, the happier well be.我们为别人做得越多，我们就越幸福。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes youll make.你越仔细，犯的错误就会越少。语法精讲1情态动词could表示请求和建议(1)could可以表示有礼貌地请求和请求允许，比can更委婉客气，而要用can。如：Could you(please) help me carry the bag?你能帮我提袋子吗？Sure, Id love to./Sorry, I cant.当然，我很乐意。/对不起，我不能。Could I use your phone?我能用你的手机吗？Yes, you can./No, you cant.是的，可以。/不，不可以。请求别人不要做某事，可用Could you please not do sth.？请你不要(做)好吗？如：Could you please notsmoke here?请你不要在这里抽烟好吗？回答可说：Sorry,I wont.对不起，我不会了。(2)could可以表示建议。如：You could visit the sick kids in the hospital and cheer them up.你可以去医院看望那些生病的孩子并且使他们高兴起来。The girl could volunteer in an afterschool study program to teach kids.这个女孩可以自愿在课外学习班教孩子。2动词不定式(1)作宾语。如：I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.(第一个动词不定式作宾语)我想把去一家动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。We decided to put up signs around the school.我们决定在学校周边张贴标语。（后接不定式的动词举例：plan, need,hope,wish,intend，try, like,remember,froget）(2)作目的状语。如：We are tryingto come up with some ideas to cheer up sick children.(第二个动词不定式作目的状语)(3)作原因状语Im very happy to be your new teacher.(4)作结果状语Youre too young to get married.我们正在努力想一些法子来使生病的孩子们高兴起来。(3)作宾语补足语。如：Lily asked me to go shopping yesterday.莉莉昨天邀请我去购物。（后接宾补动词举例：wish ,want，need，encourage，tell, teach +sb. to do