人教初中英语语法定语从句.pptx

(定语从句定语从句)一个一个美丽的美丽的女孩女孩 a beautiful girlbeautiful（形容词作前置定语）（形容词作前置定语）一个一个穿白色衣服的穿白色衣服的女孩女孩a girl in whitein white（介词短语作后置定语）（介词短语作后置定语）一个一个正唱歌的正唱歌的女孩女孩a girl is singing who is singing（定语从句，（定语从句，agirl为先行词）为先行词）定语定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）。名（代）词称为词称为中心词中心词。形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成定语要后置，翻译成“的的”。另外名词、数词、。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。Li Ming is a boy.Li Ming is a good boy .Li Ming is a good boy .形容词作定语形容词作定语介词短语作定语介词短语作定语在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做叫做定语从句定语从句。goodwith glasseswho is wearing glasses句子作定语句子作定语先行词先行词引导词引导词(关系词）关系词）从句从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.（被修饰的名词或代（被修饰的名词或代词）词）（跟在先行词后，引（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）导从句的词）修饰先行词的句子修饰先行词的句子定语从句分析定语从句分析结构：先行词结构：先行词+引导词引导词+从句从句This is the card that Ive just received先行词先行词引导词引导词从句从句关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词who,that,which,whom,whoseWhere,when,why 定语从句定语从句：由一个句子充当定语由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：从句的位置：在名词或代词后在名词或代词后先先行行词词：被定语从句修饰的词被定语从句修饰的词引引导导词词：引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词引导词的作用引导词的作用:(1)引导定语从句引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置代替先行词在从句中的位置做题一般步骤做题一般步骤1.确定先行确定先行词：空格之前的：空格之前的单词或或词组2.将先行将先行词带入定入定语从句，从句，还原从句原从句为完整句子完整句子3.根据先行词在还原句中的根据先行词在还原句中的成分确定引导词成分确定引导词步骤二步骤二步骤二步骤二步骤三步骤三步骤三步骤三Inwhich=whereIlivethehouse(WRONG)Ilivethehouse(WRONG)步骤一步骤一步骤一步骤一先行词先行词househouse，带入句子，带入句子Iliveinthehouse(RIGHT)Iliveinthehouse(RIGHT)Thisisthehouse_Ilive.关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 先行词先行词 句中作用句中作用省否省否who人人主语主语/宾语宾语 关系代关系代词在句中词在句中作宾语可作宾语可以省略以省略whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语宾语主语宾语 that人物人物主语宾语主语宾语whose人物人物定语定语When时间时间状语状语where地点地点状语状语whyreason状语状语 关系代词who,whom的用法whowho和和whomwhom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中whowho在定在定语从句中用作主语，语从句中用作主语，whomwhom在定语从句中用作宾语。在定语从句中用作宾语。如：I met a girl who knew your sister.我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。In Berlin,he first met the woman whom he would one day marry.在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟她结了婚。但是，用作宾语的但是，用作宾语的whomwhom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用被省略或用who,thatwho,that代之。如：代之。如：The person to whom I complained is the manager.我向他投诉的那个人是经理。The person(who,whom,that)I complained to is the manager.我向他投诉的那个人是经理。关系代词的作用关系代词的作用 关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在定语从句中主要用作定语。如：She is the woman whose car was stolen.她就是汽车被盗的This is the house whose windows were broken.这就是窗户被打破了的房子。Mrs.Gray,whose children are in college,is trying to get a job.格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。His house,whose windows were all broken,was a depressing sight.他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。关系代词关系代词WHICHWHICH的用法的用法which：只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如：（1）She was not on the train which arrived just now.她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。（2）He never got back the money which he had lent him.他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。which在引导定语从句，作宾语是可以省略：Is this the book（which）you are looking for？(look for寻找)这是你要找的书吗？关系代词THAT用法一、指人的用法that用于指人，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：A driver that has knocked someone down must stop.撞人的司机必须停车。撞人的司机必须停车。He is the man that you have been looking for.他就是你要找的那个人。他就是你要找的那个人。He is not that man that he was.他已不是过去的他了。二、指物的用法that用于指物，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon.这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。She was annoyed by something that I had said.她为我说的某句话而不高兴。她为我说的某句话而不高兴。Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be.深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。thehandsomethetallthestrongthecleverthenaughtyboyTheboyisTom.TheboywhoishandsomeisTom.TheboywhoistallisTom.Theboy whoisstrongisTomTheboywhoiscleverisTomTheboy whoisnaughtyisTom.TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.(主语主语)Theboy whohasaroundfaceisTom.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom.Thewomangotthejob.ThewomancanspeakRussian.Thewoman whocanspeakRussiangotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Theteacherisfamous.Theteacherwho isfamouswillgiveusatalk.Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.(宾语宾语)Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.Ex:Heistheteacher.TheteachercanspeakFrench.HeistheteacherwhocanspeakFrench.Doyouknowtheman?Hecametovisityoutoday.Doyouknowthemanwhocametovisityoutoday?Theladysteppedonhisfoot.Hewasdancingwiththelady.Thelady(whom)hewasdancingwithsteppedonhisfoot.Doyouknowtheman?Youwillvisithimtoday.Doyouknowthemanwhom youwillvisittoday?appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.TheapplewhichisredissmallTheapplewhichisgreenisbig.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.Thegoatiseatingherflowers.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhich iseatingherflowers.Canyoulendmethebook?Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.Canyoulendmethebook(which)youtalkedaboutlastnight.Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.关系词关系词注意注意:从句中的谓从句中的谓语动词要和语动词要和先行词保持先行词保持一致一致that指人或物指人或物which指物指物who指人指人1、当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something 除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much，each等修饰时(1)Have you taken down everything(that)Mr.Li has said?(2)There seems to be nothing(that)seems impossible for him in the world.(3)All that can be done has been done.(4)There is little(that)I can do for you.注意注意1 1：部分时候：部分时候thatthat可以省略，如部分例句将可以省略，如部分例句将thatthat用括号括用括号括住住。注意注意2 2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用whowho(4)Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。2、当先行词被序数词修饰 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have seen.4、当形容词被the very,the only，the same,the last,any,little等修饰时(1)This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,(2)After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who(3)Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？5、当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时(1)Who is the man that is standing there?(2)Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语 The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.8.当在there be句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which who,that（先行词为人）区别（先行词为人）区别1.用用who不用不用that的情况：的情况：(1)当先行词为当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。当先行词为人称代词时。He whodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Those whohaveanydifficultywithpronunciationshouldpractise2.只能用只能用which which 的情况的情况:1.介词前置时关系代词只能用介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物先行词为物)2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(1)Shefailedtheexam,which madeherparentsvaryangry.(2)Myglasses,without whichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.Read the text again and find the Attributive Clauses:1.My necklace is not the only thing thats missing.2.This is the cage that Polly lives in.3.We are looking for a thief who likes stealing parrots and necklace.6.Ill shoot anyone who moves!4.When was the last time(that)you saw the parrot?5.It was about some thieves who robbed a train 7.Ill shoot anyone who moves,anyone who moves!8.Is that the parrot which you are looking for?9.And is this the necklace that was stolen?10.Polly was the thief who stole Mums necklace!1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenD.thathavewrittenABBBCA7.Hewrotealettertome,tellingmeeverything_hesawonthewaytotheParis.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where8.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it9.Isthereanything_toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.whichbelongsD.thatbelong10.Thescientistandhisachievements_youtoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose11.Whichofthebooks_wereborrowedfromhimisthebest?A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whoseBABBC12.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_wereinthefields.13.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_isinfrontofourschoolgate.14.Thisistheverything_Iwaslookingfor.15.Thisisthesecondnovel_Ihaveeverread.16.Thereisnothingintheworld_canfrightenme.17.Whoistheman_isreadingunderthetree?18.Myhometownisnotthesameone_itusedtobetwentyyearsago.thatthatthatthatthatthatthatwhose 在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。互换使用。This is the book This is the book whose cover is blue.cover is blue.This is the book This is the book of which the cover the cover is blueis blue This is the book This is the book the cover of whichthe cover of which is is blueblueDoyouknowthegirl?HerhairisveryshortinourclassDo you know the girl whose hair is the hair of whomvery short in our class?Heisthestudent.IbrokehispencilyesterdayHe is the student whose pencil the pencil of whomI broke yesterday.MrKingwasquicklytakentohospital.Herlegswerebadlyhurt.Mr King,Mr King,whosewhose legs were badly hurt,legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.was quickly taken to hospital.WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing.Ihavetoldyouherstory.We shall make a decision about Ms We shall make a decision about Ms King,King,whosewhose story I have told you.story I have told you.Thechairisbeingrepairednow.Thelegsofthechairarebroken.The chair,whoselegsarebrokenthelegsofwhicharebroken,ofwhichthelegsarebroken is being repaired now.Thebossofthecompanytoldthestoryabout.HisnamewasMrLittle.Thebossofthecompany,whosenamewasMrLittle,toldthestoryaboutMsKingThisteacherislikedbyallthestudents.Iworkwithherson.This teacher,with whose son I work,is liked by all the studentsThebosshadheardabouttheaccident.MrKingworkedinhisdepartment.ThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.1Theriver_arecoveredwithtreesisverylong.AwhichbanksBofwhichbanksCwhosethebanksDthebanksofwhich2shelikestousewords_iscleartohim.AofwhichthemeaningBofwhichmeaningCwhoseofmeaningDmeaningofwhich3Themanager_companytheyworkedagreed_theirdecision.Awhich,withBinwhich,toCwhose,withDinwhose,with4Look!Thedictionary,_isred,isabirthdaygiftgivenbymyparents.AwhichcoverBthecoverofwhichCthewhosecoverDthatthecover5Mr.Brown,_,worksasthemanagerofthecompany.AwegothereinhiscarBwegotherebycarCinwhosecarwegothereDbywhosecarwegothereDADBC6Willyoupleaseshowmethegirl_nameisLinda?AwhoBwhomCwhoseDwhich7Itwasameeting,_importanceIdidnotrealizeatthetime.AwhichBofwhichCitsDwhose8 Do you know who is living in that house _windows face south?AwhoseBwhichCwhichofDits9whataboutthewatchpriceis100yuan？AthatBitsCwhichDwhose10Wetelephonedthemanhomewelivedin1996.AwhoseBinwhoseCofwhichDhis11MarkTwins,for_lifehadoncebeenveryhard,wrotemanyfamousnovels.AwhoseBwhoCwhomDhis12Thereisamountain_isalwayscoveredwithsnow.AwhosethetopBofwhichtopCitstopDofwhichthetopCDADBCDAs As 也可以用来引导定语从句也可以用来引导定语从句.当先行词与当先行词与as,so,such,thesame连用或先行词本身是连用或先行词本身是such,thesame时时,关系代词用关系代词用as.As在从句中作主语、在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。宾语或表语。1.Heisnotsuchamanasonlythinksofhimself.2.Ishouldliketousethe samepenas Iusedyesterday.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.关系副词关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词关系副词=介词介词+关系代词关系代词 why=for which where=in/at/on/.which(介词同先行词搭配介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/.which(介词同先行词搭配介词同先行词搭配)whenwhen指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally came.wherewhere指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 (1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.whywhy指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 (1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导引导的从句替换的从句替换(1)The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句指代对象指代对象 先行词先行词 关系副词及相应结构关系副词及相应结构时间时间dayyeardatetimewhenduring which time地点地点the placethe city地点地点wherein whichfrom which原因原因the reasonwhythatfor whichwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleagueon whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介介词词+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。This is the house This is the house wherewhere I lived two years I lived two years ago.ago.in whichwhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词介词for+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.1.Thisisthetown_Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_Ivisitedlastweek.2.Iwillneverforgettheday_Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyou.3.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.Thisisthereason_hetoldme.Thereason_heexplainedisnottrue.wherewhichwhenwhichwhywhichwhich“介词关系代词介词关系代词(whom/which)”引导定语引导定语从句应注意：从句应注意：1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系与先行词的搭配关系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear_mysonwenttocollege.4)Igothomeat7:00p.m.yesterday,_mostpeoplehadhadsupper.onwhichduringwhichinwhichbywhichB.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Haveyoufoundthebook_Ipaid29USdollars?2)Haveyoufoundthebook_Ispent29USdollars?3)Haveyoufoundthebook_welearntalot?4)Haveyoufoundthebook_sheoftentalks?forwhichonwhichfromwhichaboutwhichTheboyisinthelab.YouwanttotalktohimTheboy(whom/that)youwanttotalktoisinthelab.Theboyto whomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.Thisistheboy.Isitbehindhim.Thisistheboy(whom/that)Isitbehind.Thisistheboybehind whomIsit.Doyoufindthepen?IwrotewithitjustnowDoyoufindthepen(which/that)Iwrotewithjustnow?Doyoufindthepenwith whichIwrotejustnow?关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：1.介词介词+whomwhichThewomangeneralstillrememberthedayonwhichshejoinedthearmy2.介词介词短语短语+whichwhomThefishermanlivedinasmallhouseinfrontofwhichliesawell.3.不定代词不定代词或数词或数词+whichwhomTherearemanybookshere,noneofwhichbelongstome.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneofwhomisLuxun.4.名词名词+ofwhichShementionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.partofwhom/whichThereare23studentsinourclass,A:_(他们都）他们都）lovemothersdeeply.B:_（大多数）（大多数）arefromcountryside.C:_（有些）（有些）arefromXiabanchengD:_（没有一个）（没有一个）arefromBeijingallofwhommostofwhomsomeofwhomnoneofwhomThereare23studentsinourclass.(,and)A:_(他们都）他们都）lovemothersdeeply.B:_（大多数）（大多数）arefromcountryside.C:_（有些）（有些）arefromXiabanchengD:_（没有一个）（没有一个）arefromBeijingallofthemmostofthemsomeofthemnoneofthemEverystudenthasmanybooks,A:_（大多数）（大多数）aretextbooks.B:_（一些）（一些）areextracurricularbooks.C:_（其余的）（其余的）arereferencebooks.D:_（没有一本）（没有一本）arenovels.E:_（有几本）（有几本）areEnglishbooks.mostofwhichsomeofwhichtherestofwhichnoneofwhichseveralofwhich1.Doyouknowwholivesinthe：building_thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich2.Illneverforgettheday_IjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich3.Thewoman_mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoDwhom4.Jeannewasheroldfriend,_sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom5.Hisglasses,_hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.thatCABBC做做试试做做试试6.sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_muchcanbelearned.A.w