职称英语阅读判断题型解题攻略.doc

职称英语阅读判断题型解题攻略
一、题型特点
阅读判断这种题型是一篇 300~450词的短文，根据短文列出7个句子，有的句子提供的是正确信息，有的句子提供的是错误信息，有的句子提供的信息在短文中并未直接或间接提及。要求考生根据短文所给信息对这7个句子作出判断，判断是对(Right)，错(Wrong)，还是未提及(Not Mentioned)。
这种题型的难点在于，在对和错之外还存在第三种情况：未提及，很多考生难以区分“错”和“未提及”这两种情况。

二、解题思路
1. 先题目后文章
2. 顺序出题原则

三、解题方法
(一)关键词回归定位法（最基本的解题方法）
关键词的知识理论：
1. 关键词的定义：从题目中找出几个特别关键的词回文章中定位, 看该词在文章中哪句话里出现,该句话就是答案出处。
2. 关键词的特点：
① 在文章中出现的频率低
② 显眼好找
3. 关键词的内容：
① 专有名词（大写字母、人名、地名，有专有名词是简单题，要先做）
② 数字、年代
③ 名词、动词、形容词、副词（实词），其中形容词及副词的比较级、最高级优先于原级作为关键词
4. 关键词例外：
① 文章标题中的词
② 文章中出现频率较高的词

真题讲解（2013年职称英语理工类C级）

Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker(修补) with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices. "They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist, a person who designs, builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved - cars, trains, animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later, in high school, he built mobile robots similar to small cars.（16）
Hoping to continue working on robots, he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Choset's labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars: robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right. (17)But snakes can twist(扭曲) in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形). (19)"Snakes are far more interesting than the cars," Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots. (18)Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes, such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl(爬行) through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries, the doctor has to open a patient's chest, cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the oparation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic .(20)
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati, a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School, to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.(21)A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.(22)Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations, "I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots," Choset says.
16. Choset began to build robots in high school.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17. Snake robots could move in only four directions.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18. Choset didn't begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegie Mellon.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19. Choset's snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20. The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21. Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22. The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome profit to Medrobotics.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

The Race into Space
American millionaire Dennis Tito will always be famous. He was the first tourist in space. (1)“I spent sixty years on Earth and eight days in space and from my viewpoint, it was two separate lives,” Tito explained. He loved his time in space. “Being in space and looking back at earth is one of the most rewarding experiences a human being can have.”
This kind of experience isn't cheap. It cost $20 million. However, Tito achieved his dream, so he was happy. “For me it was a life dream. It was a dream that began when I didn't have any money,” he told reporters.
On 30 April 2002, Mark Shuttleworth became the world's second space tourist. Shuttleworth is a South African businessman.(2) At the age of twenty-eight, he also paid$20 million for the eight-day trip.
Both Tito and Shuttleworth bought their tickets from a company called Space Adventures. The company has around 100 people already on their waiting list for flights into space. (4)The spaceship to take them doesn't exist yet.(5)Many of the customers are people who like adventure. They are the kind of people who also want to climb Mount Qomolangma.(3) Other customers are people who love space. However, these people are worried. Because it's so expensive, only very rich people can go into space. They want space travel to be available to more people.
That day may soon be here. InterOrbital Systems (lOS) plans to send up to four tourists a week into space. The tours will depart from an island in Tonga.(6) The company promises a package that includes forty-five days of astronaut training in Russia and California, seven days in space, and a vacation in Tonga, for $2 million.
However, space flight is still very dangerous. Bill Readdy is NASA's deputy assistant administrator for space flight. He says that the chances of dying are about 1 in 500. (7)Because of this, it may take time before space tourism really takes off. You might be able to go up, but will you come down?
1 Dennis Tito was the first tourist in space.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2 Mark Shuttleworth is an engineer from the United States.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3 Both Tito and Shuttleworth have climbed Mount Qomolangma.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4 Space Adventures has about 100 customers waiting for their travel into space.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5 Space Adventures already has a spaceship.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6 lOS will send its tourists into space from Tonga.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7 Bill Readdy thinks space flight is very dangerous.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

选A的情况有三种：
1、题目和原文完全一样
原文：American millionaire Dennis Tito will always be famous. He was the first tourist in space.
题目：Dennis Tito was the first tourist in space.
2、题目是原文的同义改写
原文：The company has around 100 people already on their waiting list for flights into space.
题目：Space Adventures has about 100 customers waiting for their travel into space.
3、题目是根据原文中的几句话推断或归纳而成的
例1： 原文：Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲) in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形).
题目：Choset's snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed。
例2 ：原文：However,research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females ,and it is found more often in persons who are left-handed.
译文:但是研究表明，男性患诵读困难症者多于女性，而且在左撇子中尤为常见。
题目：Generally speaking ,dyslexia is more common in left-handed males than in right-hangded females.译文：通常来讲，患诵读困难症的左撇子男性要比右撇子女性更为常见。
男性 > 女性
根据原文可得不等式：+左撇子 > 右撇子
左撇子男性 > 右撇子女性
故答案为 Right　

选B的情况有三种：
1、题目与原文相反（通常用反义词，not加同义词）
原文：Unfortunately,the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants.
译文：不幸的是，我们的工业化程度越高，人类与植物间的直接联系就越少。
题目：Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization.
译文：工业化进程的发展，我们与植物的联系越来越大。
2、原文为人们对于某种事物的“理论”或“感觉”题目则强调是“客观事实'或“已被证明”，原文中包含条件壮语，题目中去掉条件成分。
原文：Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are upsetting the breeding cycles of frogs. 译文：另一种理论是，世界范围内的温度升高破坏了青蛙的繁殖周期。
题目：It is fact that frogs'breeding cycles　are upset by worldwide increases in temperature.
译文：一个事实是，青蛙的繁殖周期被世界范围内的温度升高所破坏。
３、原文和题目中使用了表示不同范围、频率和可能性的词。
例一、原文：snakes are sometimes poisonous.
译文：蛇有时是有毒的。
题目：Snakes are usually poisonous.
译文：蛇通常是有毒的。
例二、原文：Without a qualification from a reputable school or university ,it is unlikely to find a good job.
译文：不是毕业于著名院校的人，不太可能找到一个好工作。
题目：It is impossible to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution.
译文：不是毕业于著名学校的人，要想找到一个好工作是不可能的。

选Ｃ的情况有三种　
1、题目考点部分未提及或通过阅读后不知道。
原文：Mary vowed she would never come back.
译文：玛丽发誓她将永不回来。
题目：Mary never came back.
译文：玛丽没再回来。
2、原文范围大于题目范围，题目具体化。
原文：Tourists in Spain come mainly from Europe.
译文：到西班牙旅游的游客主要来自欧洲。
题目：Tourists in Spain come mainly from the UK.
译文：到西班牙旅游的游客主要来自英国。
３、原文是原级题目是比较级或者是最高级选C
原文：Linxian was chosen because the people there have an extremely high rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus.
题目：The rate of cancer of stomach an esophagus in Linxian is the highest in China.
注意事项：
谨遵原文内容，不能凭借自己的知识确定答案，切记原文是判断答案的唯一根据。

A Great Quake Coming?
　　Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the bav area.Theyhad keen devastating in 1906，for example，a major quake destroyed about 28.000 buildings andkilled hundreds，perhaps thousands of people. Residents now wonder when the next"big one"willstrike.It's bound to happen someday.At least seven active fault（断层）lines run through the SanFrancisco area.Faults are places where pieces of earth's crust（地壳）slide past each other.Whenthese pieces slip，the ground shakes. To prepare for that day.scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens. One new finding about the 1906 quake is that the San Andreas Fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time.During small earthquakes，faults rupture at about 2.7 kilometersper second.During bigger quakes，however，ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometersper second.
At such high speeds，massive amounts of pressure build up，generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself.Lucky for San Fancisco，these pressure pulses（脉冲） traveled alway from the city duffng the 1906 event.As bad as the damage was，it could have been far Worse.
Looking ahead，scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur.Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906 event.Since then，the area has been relatively quiet.Pattems in the data，however，suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the bay area before 2032 is at least 62 percent.
New buildings in san Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes.Still，more than 84 percent of the city's buildings are old and weak.Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage.
People who live there today tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty qmet for a while.Accoeding to the new research，however，it's not a matter of whether the big one will hit. It's just a matter of when.

16、 The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17、The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18、The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilometers per second
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19、Earthquakes rarely happened in San Francisco before 1906.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20、San Francisco is fully prepared for another big earthquake.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21、Scientists will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soon.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22、A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

Travel Across Africa
For six hours we shot through the barren (荒芜的) landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending, Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth, a "beautiful leather notebook I'd bought in a market in Mozambique.
Southern Africa was full of stories. And visions. We were almost drunk on sensations. The roaring (咆哮) of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana.And then the other things: dogs in the streets, whole families in Soweto living in one room, a kilometre from clean water.
As we drove towards the setting sun, a quietness fell over us. The road was empty--we hadn‘t seen another car for hours. And as I drove, something caught my eye, something moving close enough to touch them, to smell their hot breath. I didn’t know how long they had been there next to us.
I shouted to Dan: "Look!" but he was in a deep sleep, his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car for a few seconds, then disappeared far behind us, a memory of heroic forms in the red landscape.
When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.
Wild horses?” he said. “Why didn't you wake me up, Sophia?”
“I tried. But they were gone after a few seconds. ”
“Are you sure you didn't dream it?”
“You were the one who was sleeping!”
Typical”, he said. “The best photos are the ones we never take.”
We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.

16. Daniel and Sophia drove slowly through the busy desert.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. Sophia wrote about her experiences in notebooks.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. Daniel took photos of the Nile River.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. Daniel and Sophia saw a lot of wonderful things.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. While driving Daniel and Sophia saw wild horses.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. The horses didn't come near the car.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. Sophia woke Daniel up so that he could take photos of the horses.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

1、有中文的句子往往是答案所在句
2、文章答案句后出现but ,则往往选B
Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right. (17)But snakes can twist(扭曲) in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形).
3、与大标题相违背的题目直接选B
例：标题:Center Launched to Fight Diseases
题目:The main task of the center is to draw up documents in health policies, laws and regulations for the Ministry of Health.

四、如何翻译长难句
1、抓住长句中所有的的谓语动词（谓语动词三要素：时态，语态，单复数）
2、如果长句只有一个谓语动词则翻译为“什么是什么”或“什么做什么”
3、如果长句有两个或以上的谓语动词则抓住连词并且(连词+句子)

辨别常见谓语动词：
1、情态动词+动词原形can /could /may /might/ need/ should /must/ will
2、be动词：am /is /are /was /were
3、看时态：动词+s(现在时),be+doing（进行时）,will+动词原形（将来）have done（完成时）
4、语态：be +动词ed+by