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模拟联合国用语.docx

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A Abstain 弃权 During a vote on a substantive matter, a delegate may abstain rather than vote yes or no、 This means that the delegate neither supports nor opposes the resolution on the go、 在一个关于实体性问题得投票中,代表除了可以选择“就就是”或者“否”,还可以选择“弃权”。这意味着此代表既不支持也不反对正在进行投票表决得决议。 Agenda 议程 Agenda is the order of topics to be discussed in a conference, usually being set after the roll call、 点名完毕后,委员会所设定得议题讨论顺序。 Amendment 修正案 Amendment is a form of document to amend a draft resolution、 The two types of amendments are friendly amendment and unfriendly amendment、ﻫ修正案就就是用来对正在讨论得决议草案提出修改意见得文件。修正案分为两种:友好修正案与非友好修正案。 B Background Guide 背景指导 A background guide is a research report of topics on the conference written by the dais and distributed to the delegates before the conference、ﻫ背景指导就就是一份关于会议即将讨论议题得调研报告,一般由会议主席团撰写,并在会前分发给各国代表。 Binding 约束力 Binding is the legal force to impose UN resolutions on the Member States、 Resolutions of Security Council and the Internaitonal Court of Justice are binding、 Decisions made by the General Assembly and Economic and Social Council are non-binding、ﻫ约束力就就是指联合国决议对成员国具有法律效力。安理会决议与联合国国际法庭得判决就就是具有约束力得;而联合国大会与经社委员会得决议不具有约束力。 Bloc 国家集团 A bloc is a group of countries within a same geographical region or holding similar country positions on a particular topic、 The determining factor in forming a bloc is sharing the mon national interests、ﻫ一组处于同一地理区域或者就某一议题有类似观点得国家。组成国家集团得决定性因素就就是具有共同得国家利益。 Bloc Leader 集团领导者 A bloc leader is the delegate who plays the leading role in a bloc、 在一个国家集团中充当着领导者得代表。 C Caucus 磋商 Caucus is a form of discussion in formal debate, in which delegates may discuss a subtopic more specifically、 There are two types of caucus: moderated caucus and un-moderated caucus、 磋商就就是正式辩论过程中一种深入讨论议题得方式。磋商分为两种类型:有主持核心磋商与自由磋商。 Chair 主席 Chair is a member of the dais who is responsible for moderating debate, timing, ruling on points and motions, and imposing the rules of procedure、ﻫ主席就就是负责主持辩论、计时、裁决问题及动议,并执行会议流程得主席团成员。 mittee 委员会 A mittee is a deliberative assembly, an organization prising members who use parliamentary procedure for making decisions、 In Model UN conference, mittees are usually the simulations of principal organs, subsidiary bodies, programs, funds, research and training institutes, special organizations, entities or regional missions of UN system、 Delegates discuss relevant topics and resolutions according to the given functions, powers, and rules of procedure of the mittees、ﻫ“委员会”就就是一个协商会议,一个由代表组成,按议事程序讨论议题并做出决策得有序组织。模拟联合国会议中得委员会大多模仿联合国主要机构、附属机构、规划署、基金会、调研及培训机构、特殊组织、实体与区域委员会建立。代表需依据所在委员会得职权范围与议事规则讨论相关议题。 Crisis 危机 "Crisis", to which delegates must respond immediately, is an emergent matter or unexpected event that happens during a conference、 Usually designed by the dais before the conference, a crisis may be related to the topic being discussed on the floor、 The forms of crisis include news report, official document from international organizations, video profile, or directive from embassies or governments、 危机就就是会议进行当中,各国代表需要立即处理得突发性事件。模联会议中得危机一般由主席团在会前设置好,事件可能与代表们讨论得议题相关。事件得形式有若干种,可能就就是突发事件得新闻报道,可能就就是国际组织得文件,可能就就是相关人员得视频资料,也可能就就是外交官派出国政府发来得外交指令等。 D Dais 主席团 Usually consisted of a Chair, a Director and a Rapporteur, a dais is a group of people in charge of a Model UN conference、ﻫ主席团由主席、会议总监与主席助理组成,负责组织模拟联合国得会议。 Delegate 代表 Representing an UN Member State, an observer or an international organization, delegate is a person chosen or elected to express views in a Model UN conference、ﻫ代表就就是模拟联合国会议中受委托或指派表达意见得人,可以代表一个联合国成员国,一个观察国,或一个国际组织。 Delegation 代表团 Delegation is a group of delegates representing the same UN Member State, an observer or an international organization in a Model UN conference、 Delegation is also used to describe the delegates from the same participating group, e、g、 the same high school or college、 代表团就就是指模联会议中,在不同委员会代表同一个成员国或观察国得全体代表。代表团也指来自同一参与团体得所有代表,例如来自同一高中或大学得全体代表。 Director 会议总监 Director is a member of the dais who is in charge of overseeing delegates' role-playing, document writing and topic researching、 会议总监就就是负责监督代表角色扮演、文件写作及议题调研得主席团成员。 Draft Resolution 决议草案 Written by the delegates, draft resolution is a form of document that seeks to solve the issues addressed by a Model UN mittee、 If passed by the mittee, the draft resolution will bee a resolution、 Only one draft resolution will be passed for each topic in a mittee、 决议草案就就是由代表草拟、为委员会所讨论得议题寻求解决方案得一种文件格式。如果被投票通过,那么决议草案就成为正式决议。在一个委员会中,有关同一个议题得决议草案只能通过一份。 Draft Directive 指令草案 Draft directive is a form of document that aims at successfully solving the crisis、 A draft directive is only posed by operative clauses、 The actions taken under the directive need to be instant and effective instead of long-term、 Amandments are wele to a draft directive, of which the  unfriendly ones shall be passed after votes、 指令草案就就是针对危机处理得文件。指令草案得表决通过标志着危机得成功解决。指令草案由行动性条款构成。指令草案得行动措施要立即、有效,避免长远规划。代表可以对指令草案提出修正案,其中,非友好修正案也需要表决。 F Faculty Advisor 指导教师 Faculty Advisor is a teacher or faculty responsible for advising students to run a Model UN club and training a delegation、ﻫ指导教师就就是负责指导学生运营模拟联合国社团并训练模联代表团得教学人员。 Flow of the Debate 会议流程 Flow of debate is the order in which events proceed during a Model UN conference、ﻫ会议流程就就是模联会议中事件进行得顺序。 Formal Debate 正式辩论 The standard type of debate at a Model UN conference, in which delegates speak for a certain period of time in the order based on the speakers' list、 在一个模联会议中标准形式得讨论。代表按照发言名单确定得顺序在规定时间内进行演讲。 Friendly Amendment 友好修正案 A friendly amendment is a change to the draft resolution that all sponsors agree with、 After the amendment signed by all of the draft resolution's sponsors and approved by the mittee director or president, it will be automatically incorporated into the resolution、ﻫ友好修正案就就是原决议草案全部起草国均赞成得对决议草案内容得改动。在全部起草国签字同意后,一份修正案便成为友好修正案,并自动被加入到原决议草案中。 G Gavel 槌 The tool, shaped like a small wooden hammer, is used by the Chair to keep order within a Model UN mittee、 Many conferences give the gavel to the delegate recognized by the dais as the best in that mittee; therefore, the term is frequently used to refer to the award given to the best delegate, even in cases where no actual gavel is given、 主席用来维持模联委员会秩序得一个小木锤形状得工具。很多会议都把委员会中使用过得槌赠与主席团选出得该委员会得最佳代表。所以,这个词也常常用来指赠与最佳代表得奖励,哪怕事实上并没有。 Global Village 地球村 Global Village is an activity in which delegates can display different cultures of the countries via exhibitions、ﻫ在模联会议进行过程中举行得展示各国文化得活动。 H Head Delegate 首席代表 Head delegate is the chief representative of a Model UN delegation、 首席代表就就是一个模联代表团中得领队。 I In favor of 支持 In favor is to agree to pass a motion、 There must be over half of the delegates in favor of a motion in order to pass it、 即支持该动议通过。当超过半数得与会代表支持该动议通过,主席团才能予以执行。 L Lobbying 游说 Lobbying is a form of advocacy with the intention of influencing decisions made by other delegates during a conference、ﻫ游说就就是一种通过陈述观点来影响会场内她国代表意见得行为。 M Member State 成员国 A country that has ratified the Charter of the United Nations and whose application to join has been accepted by the General Assembly and Security Council、 Currently, there are 192 member states、 The only internationally recognized state that is not a member state is the Holy See、 一个批准了联合国宪章、并且加入申请已经被联合国大会与安理会接受得国家。目前联合国一共有192个成员国。唯一一个国际承认得非成员国家就就是教廷梵蒂冈。 Moderated Caucus 有主持核心磋商 A type of caucus with a specific topic and restricted total time, moderated Caucus enables delegates to focus on detailed problems in a short period of time、ﻫ一种有特定主题、限总发言时间得磋商形式。有主持核心磋商可以让代表在短时间内关注更为具体得问题。 Motion 动议 A suggestion made by a delegate to change the current process、 A motion might refer to a caucus, an adjournment, an introduction to a draft resolution, or closing the debate、ﻫ由代表提出得改变现有会议进程得建议,需要全体代表投票表决。这些动议得内容可以就就是进行磋商、休会、介绍决议草案或者进入投票阶段。 Motion to Close Debate 动议停止辩论 A motion to close debate is not the same as the motion to suspend meeting、 Rather, it is used to move the mittee to a vote, usually when the delegate has made his or her country's position clear and there are enough and fully discussed draft resolutions on the floor、ﻫ动议结束辩论与动议暂停会议有所不同。当结束辩论得动议生效后,会议将进入投票阶段。此动议一般在代表认为立场已经得到充分阐述,且决议草案已较为完善得情况下提出。 Motion for a Moderated Caucus 动议有主持核心磋商动议 Delegates make a motion for a moderated caucus in order to set a discussion on a specific topic、 To motion for a moderated caucus, delegates are required to propose topic, total time and the speaking time for each delegate、 代表通过动议有主持核心磋商来进行议题得深入讨论。有主持核心磋商讨论得主题、总时间、各代表发言时间由提出此动议得代表提出。 Motion to Set Speaking Time 动议更改发言时间 Delegates propose a motion to set the speaking time for the purpose of setting or changing the amount of time each delegate has to speak in the speakers' list、 代表可以通过动议更改发言时间,来重置每位代表在发言名单中得发言时间。 Motion to Suspend the Meeting 动议暂停会议 Delegates propose a motion to suspend the meeting for the purpose of ending a session and having a break、 代表动议暂停会议可以结束会议得一个阶段,并使会议进入休息时间。 Motion for an Unmoderated Caucus 动议自由磋商 A motion for an unmoderated caucus is usually proposed under the purpose to set a free discussion so that the delegates can exchange ideas with other delegates in your bloc、 Delegates need to set the total time for an unmoderated caucus in the motion、 提出自由磋商动议得代表需要规定时间。一旦动议获得通过,在规定时间内代表可以离开座位,更为密切地与盟友们交换意见。 MUNer 模联人 People who have participated or are participating in Model UN activity、 曾经参与过或正在参与模拟联合国活动得人。 O Observer 观察员 An observer is a state, national organization, regional organization, or non-governmental organization that is not a member of the UN nor a member of a specific mittee, but participates in the debates、 Observers can vote on procedural matters but not substantive matters, e、g、 the Holy See or the State of Israel participating in the Security Council meeting regarding Israel-Palestine conflict、ﻫ一个不就就是联合国成员或某特定委员会成员得国家、政府组织、区域组织或者非政府组织。国家观察员可以对程序性问题投票,但就就是不能对实体性问题进行投票。例如教廷梵蒂冈与参与安全理事会巴以问题讨论得以色列。 On the floor 被讨论状态 At a Model UN conference, when a working paper or draft resolution is first written, it may not be discussed in debate、 After it is approved by the Director and introduced by the mittee, it is put "on the floor" and may be further discussed、ﻫ在模联会议中,一份工作文件或者决议草案刚刚完成得时候不能够被讨论。只有在得到会议指导得认可并且被委员会介绍后,它才进入“被讨论状态”进而可以被广泛讨论。 Operative Clause 行动性条款 Operative clause is a part of a resolution which describes how the UN will address a problem、 The clauses are written with verbs in third person singular form as beginning (e、g、 decides, establishes, remends, etc、)、ﻫ决议中描述联合国将如何解决问题得部分,以动词第三人称单数(比如决定,成立,建议等等)开头。 P Page 意向条 In order to maintain the order of the conference, a delegate should write notes on pages to ask questions, lobby or negotiate with other delegates or a dais member during a session、 Pages should be written in the official working language of the mittee、ﻫ为了维持会场秩序,开会期间代表如有任何问题或者需要进行游说、沟通,都要通过书写并传递意向条得方式向其她代表或主席团成员表达。意向条得书写需要符合该委员会得工作语言要求。 Pager 意向条传递者 A delegate in a Model UN mittee that has volunteered to pass pages from one delegate to another, or from a delegate to the dais, for a short period of time、 委员会中志愿在代表间或者代表与主席团之间暂时传递意向条得代表。 Parliamentary Procedure 议会议事程序 Parliamentary procedure is based on the consideration of the rights: of the majority, of the minority, of individual members, of absentee members, of all of these groups taken together、ﻫ基于平衡原则,为保护各种人与人群得权利(包括意见占多数得人,意见占少数得人,甚至就就是每一个人,以及没有出席会议得人)而制定出得议事规则,即为议会议事程序。 Placard 国家牌 A piece of cardstock with a country's name on it that a delegate raises in the air to answer the roll call or signal to the Chair that he or she wishes to speak、 一块写着国家名称得硬纸板,代表举起它回应点名或向主席示意希望发言。 Point 问题 A request raised by a delegate for information or for an action relating to that delegate、 Examples include a point of order, a point of inquiry, and a point of personal privilege、ﻫ代表提出得关于信息或者相关行动得要求。包括程序性问题、询问性问题与个人权利问题。 Point of Order 组织性问题 A point of order is used when a delegate believes the chair has made an error in the running of the mittee、 The delegate should only specify the errors they believe were made in the formal mittee procedure, but may not address when the topic being discussed、 当代表认为主席在主持会议中产生错误时,可提出组织性问题,以纠正主席错误。代表需要明晰该错误为何不符合该委员会得规则流程。组织性问题可以打断进程提出,但不能在讨论议题时提出。 Point of Inquiry 咨询性问题 A point of inquiry (also known as a point of parliamentary procedure) can be made when the floor is open (i、e、 when no other delegate is speaking) in order to ask the chairperson a question regarding the rules of procedure、ﻫ当代表对于会议程序有不明白得地方时,可以在台上没有代表发言时举牌向主席咨询。 Point of Personal Privilege 个人特权问题   A delegate may raise a point of personal privilege in order to inform the chairperson of a physical disfort he or she is experiencing, such as not being able to hear another delegate's speech、ﻫ当代表在会场上感觉有任何身体上得不适时,可以提出个人特权问题,例如:无法听到台上代表讲话。 Position Paper  立场文件  An essay details a country's policies on the topics being discussed in the mittee, usually written and delivered to the dais by delegates before a Model UN conference、ﻫ一份针对委员会即将讨论议题得国家立场阐述文件,需要代表在会前书写完成并提交至主席团。 Preambulatory Clauses 序言性条款   The part of a resolution that describes previous actions taken on the topic and reasons why the resolution is necessary、 It begins with a participle or adjective (e、g、 noting, concerned, regretting, aware of, recalling, etc、)、ﻫ决议中描述之前与议题有关得行动以及决议得必要性得部分。一般以分词或者形容词开头。 Present 到/出席 "Present" refers to "in attendance"、 Delegates who are in presence are required to raise up their placards and answer "Present" when their countries' names are called during the roll call、 Delegates need to send pages to the dais to inform their attendance if they didn't arrive at the conference on time、 In special mittees consisting of delegates with rights to vote and those without, delegates need to announce "Present and Voting" or "Present" according to the procedure、 “到”即为“出席”。当国家名在点名中被点到时,代表需高举国家牌并回答“到”。如果代表未及时出席,需到场后用意向条告知主席团。在一些特殊得委员会中,只有部分代表有权投票。在此情况下,有权投票得代表在点名中需回答“出席并投票”,其她代表只需回答“到”即可。 Procedural Questions 程序性问题 关于一个委员会运行方式得问题,与与议题相关得问题相反。所有出席会议得代表都必须就程序性问题投票而不能弃权。 Having to do with the way a mittee runs, as opposed to the topic being discussed、 All delegates present must vote on procedural matters and may not abstain、 Q Quorum 法定人数 The minimum number of delegates needed to be present for a mittee to meet、 In the General Assembly, a quorum consists of one third of the members to begin debate, and a majority of members to pass a resolution、 In the Security Council, no quorum exists for the body to debate, but more than nine members must be present to pass a resolution、ﻫ一个委员会或者会议需要出席得最小代表人数。在联合国大会,开始讨论得法定人数为成员得三分之一,通过决议则需要半数以上。在安理会没有开始讨论得法定人数,但就就是必须有9个以上成员出席才能通过一个决议。 R Rapporteur 主席助理 A member of the dais whose duties include keeping the speakers' list and taking the roll call、ﻫ主席团中负责发言名单与点名程序得成员。 Resolution 决议 A document that has been passed by an organ of the UN that aims to address a particular problem or issue、 To the UN, a resolution is the equivalent of a law、ﻫ联合国机构通过得用于解决一个特别得问题或争议得文件。在联合国相当于法律。 Right of Reply 答辩权 A right to speak in reply to a previous speaker's ment, invoked when a
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