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阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
体裁：说明文 话题：公民科学 时间：7分钟
Citizen science is a term used for projects or ongoing programs of scientific work in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers，many of whom may have no specific scientific training，perform or manage researchrelated tasks such as observation，measurement or computation.
An example of citizen science is a project called Project BudBurst.Over the past six growing seasons，Project BudBurst has used thousands of volunteer observers.They record when local plants develop their leaves，flowers and fruit.The observations go into a huge database.Then plant scientists can study the data to look for changes over time.Project director Sandra Henderson says participatory science like this is an idea that is growing quickly.
For example，people who enjoy astronomy can observe changes in the brightness of a star.People can examine satellite images of Earth to look for sites where archeologists might find the lost tomb of Genghis Khan，the Mongolian warrior and ruler.Or someone interested in orca whales can listen to underwater microphones and let researchers know when the whales are present.Thousands of Americans and Canadians volunteered to count birds this past migration season as part of Project FeederWatch.Another area where citizen science has grown is in testing water.Amanda Bruner coordinates SoundCitizen，a project based at the University of Washington campus in Tacoma.It keeps track of pollutants in Puget Sound.
Some people，including scientists，still question whether average citizens can collect reliable data.New digital tools can help settle questions about data quality，and make it easier for people to take part in citizen science.
Public health research is another area where average citizens are getting involved—in some cases，whether researchers like it or not.The idea is for the public to have a voice in how public health studies are done.There is even a saying for this kind of activism：“No more research about us without us.”
【语篇导读】 本文属于科普类说明文，主要介绍了公民科学的含义以及人们对它的看法。
1．Who are the participants involved in citizen science?
A．Professional scientists who have retired.
B．The public showing interest in some science projects.
C．Citizens who have specific scientific training.
D．Students wanting to be scientists.
解析 细节理解题。依据文章内容可知，公民科学的参与者是对一些科学项目有爱好的民众，他们中很多人并没有接受过特定的培训。故B项正确。
答案 B
2．According to the passage，if you are interested in plants，you may take part in ______.
A．Project BudBurst
B．Project FeederWatch
C．SoundCitizen
D．public health research
解析 细节理解题。依据其次段中的“They record when local plants develop their leaves，flowers and fruit...Then plant scientists can study the data to look for changes over time.”可知答案为A。
答案 A
3．From Paragraph 3，we can infer that ______.
A．citizen science develops quickly and includes many fields
B．there is no need for professional scientists to do research
C．observation is the only method to do citizen science
D．citizen science has grown in testing water
解析 推理推断题。依据其次段末尾句和第三段所述内容可推知，citizen science进展快速且所涉领域很广，故A项正确。D属于明示信息，不属于推论。
答案 A
4．What can help get reliable data in citizen science?
A．Specific scientific training.
B．More participation of the public.
C．Greater social support.
D．New digital tools.
解析 细节理解题。依据倒数其次段最终一句“New digital tools can help...take part in citizen science.”可知答案为D。
答案 D
【长难句解读】
原文 Citizen science is a term used for projects or ongoing programs of scientific work in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers，many of whom may have no specific scientific training，perform or manage researchrelated tasks such as observation，measurement or computation.
译文 公民科学用于指那些处理科学工作的工程或持续进行的项目，参与其中的是一些个人志愿者或志愿者群体，他们中很多人可能没有经过特定的科学训练，而执行或者管理与科学争辩有关的一些任务，如观看、测量或计算。
分析 定语从句“in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers...or computation”为限制性定语从句，修饰“projects or ongoing programs of scientific work”，这确定语从句的主语“individual volunteers or networks of volunteers”又被many of whom 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
The booking notes of the play “the Age of Innocence”:
Price: ＄10
BOOKING
There are four easy ways to book seats for performance:
---- in person
The Box Office is open Monday to Saturday, 10 a．m．--8 p．m．
---- by telephone
Ring 01324976 to reserve your tickets or to pay by credit card（Visa, MasterCard and Amex accepted）．
---- by post
Simply complete the booking form and return it to Global Theatre Box Office．
---- on line
Complete the on-line booking form at www．satanfiedtheatre．com．
DICOUNTS:
Saver: ＄2 off any seat booked any time in advance for performances from Monday to Thursday．Savers are available for children up to 16 years old, over 60s and full-time students．
Supersaver: half-price seats are available for people with disabilities and one companion．It is advisable to book in advance．There is a maximum of eight wheelchair spaces available and one wheelchair space will be held until an hour before the show．
Standby: best available seats are on sale for ＄6 from one hour before the performance for people eligible（suitable）for Saver and Supersaver discounts and thirty minutes before for all other customers．
Group Bookings: there is a ten per cent discount for parties of twelve or more．
School: school parties of ten or more can book ＄6 standby tickets in advance and will get every tenth ticket free．
PLEASE NOTE: we are unable to exchange tickets or refund money unless a performance is cancelled due to unpredicted circumstances．
8．If you want to book a ticket, you CANNOT _____
A．go to the Box Office on Sundays．
B．ring the booking number and pay for the tickets by credit card．
C．use the Internet．
D．complete a booking form and post it to the Box Office．
9．If you make a group booking for a group of 14 adults, how much should you pay?
A．＄120 B．＄126 C．＄140 D．＄150
10．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．There are only 8 wheelchair spaces in the theatre．
B．A school party of 15 students should pay 90 for the standby tickets．
C．A group of 12 persons can get 10 per cent discount．
D．The audience can’t refund money if the performance is on show．
11．What kind of tickets are the cheapest?
A．The standby tickets for school parties of ten or more．
B．The standby tickets．
C．The tickets for Saver discount．
D．The tickets for group booking．
【参考答案】8—11、ABBA
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Chinese politeness have always been formal to follow strict rules, although sometimes Chinese people seem to be impolite according to Western standards in public places. To well understand Chinese, some concepts should not be ignored.
Mianzi
The idea of shame, usually expressed as 'face' could be loosely defined as the 'status' or 'self-respect' in Chinese and by no means alien to foreigners. It is the worst thing for a Chinese to lose face. Never insult, embarrass, shame, yell at or otherwise demean a person. Since all these actions would risk putting a Chinese in a situation that he might lose face, neither try to prove someone wrong nor shout at him in public. In order to get a successful effect without letting a Chinese lose face, any criticism should be delivered privately, carefully, or else, just opposite to what you wish.
Guanxi
Throughout much of Chinese history, the fundamental glue that has held society together is the concept of guanxi, relationships between people. It is very important for the Chinese to have good relationships. They often regard good social relations as a symbol of personal ability and influence. Someone who has no connections would be disrespected and is only half-Chinese.
Keqi
Keqi not only means considerate, polite, and well mannered, but also represents respect and modesty. It is impolite to talk too proudly about oneself or one's inner circle. The expression is most often used in the negative, as in buyao keqi, meaning "you shouldn't be so kind and polite to me," or "you're welcome."
Besides, Chinese seldom express what they think directly and they prefer a roundabout way. Neither show their emotions and feelings in public. They rarely greet people with a handshake, though it is very popular among foreigners, and say nothing of embracing or kissing when greeting or saying good-bye. Consequently, it is better not to behave too carefree in public, even though you are well-intentioned. Also, it is advisable to be fairly cautious in political discussions. Do not particularly push yourself forward, or else you are unwelcome.
To sum up, do in Rome as Rome does, but you need not worry about these cultural barriers since most Chinese are hospitable and friendly and will not mind your no accomplishment.
1. In most Chinese’s eyes, the fundamental glue holding society together is the idea of ____.
A. relationships between people B. influences upon others
C. dependence on others D. kindness to others
2. The underlined word “demean” in the first paragraph means make people _____.
A. respectful B. happy C. shameful D. weak
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. It is impolite to insult, embarrass, shame or shout at a person.
B. It is polite that you should bring gifts to others when invited to dinner.
C. It is necessary to show your character of being considerate, polite, and well mannered.
D. It is important for the Chinese to have good relationships between people.
4. Which of the following proverbs has the same meaning as the underlined sentence “Do in Rome as Rome does.”?
A. Caution is the parent of safety. B. Many hands make light work.
C. There’s no smoke without fire. D. If you are elsewhere, live as they do there.
【参考答案】1—4、ACBD
【2022高考英语广东省中山市华侨中学一模试题】
基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）
你是校报小记者，最近进行了一次采访。以下是这次采访的状况：
时间：上周末
对象：眼科医生(eye-doctor)王教授
主题：我国中学校生近视(short-sightedness)问题
基本信息：(1)发生率：略高于50％
(2)人数：世界第一
专家解读：(1)缘由：很简洁
(2)治疗：没有哪一种药物能治愈近视
(3)建议：不要过度用眼；多参与户外活动
(4)特殊提示：如何握笔也和近视有关
[写作内容]
依据以上状况写一篇采访报道，并包括如下内容：
1．采访的时间、对象和主题；
2．中学校生近视的发生率及人数；
3．专家解读。
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构精确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。
【参考范文】基础写作：
Last weekend, I had an interview with an eye-doctor, Professor Wang, about the primary and middle student's short-sightedness in our country. It is said that slightly more than 50% students, which ranks No. 1 in the world, are short-sighted. Professor Wang said the reason of short-sightedness is complicated and there is still no cure for short-sightedness. He suggested that we should avoid overusing our eyes and do more outdoor exercise. What’s more, since the holding of pen has something to do with the short-sightedness, we need to pay attention to using the pen.
【2022高考英语广东省中山市华侨中学一模试题】
读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，然后依据要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
The “Clean Your Plate” campaign was started by nongovernmental organizations and activists, which urged people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table. The campaign, launched on Weibo, was soon joined by millions of netizens across China to fight against food waste.
The estimated annual waste of grain in China reaches 50 million tons, enough to feed about 200 million people for a year.
People from across China support the campaign. The Central Government has promised to take measures to reduce food waste, take the lead in saving food and follow a simple working style.
More and more Chinese are saying “No” to food waste. Staff members of a restaurant set off a campaign encouraging customers to stop food waste in Qingdao, Shandong province, Jan. 24. “Did you empty the dishes today?” has become the most popular question in China. Showing an empty dish also turns a new fashion among Chinese netizens.
In some restaurants there are signs reminding the diners not to waste food. Some even offer awards to the customers who eat all their food, as part of the campaign to reduce waste. More and more restaurants kindly remind and encourage customers to take their leftovers away.
[写作内容]
1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2. 以约120个词就“光盘行动”的话题谈谈你的想法，内容包括：
(1) “光盘行动”产生的背景；
(2) “光盘行动”的作用；
(3) 你对“光盘行动”的看法和诉求。
[写作要求]
1. 作文中可以使用亲身经受或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2. 作文中不能毁灭真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括精确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。
【参考范文】读写任务：
When some people started the “Clean Your Plate” campaign in an effort to reduce food waste, millions of netizens joined in it and more and more people are taking real action to stop food waste.
As many people are still living in poverty around us, I’m quite delighted by this campaign. As far as I know, while people in advanced countries don’t have to worry about their meals, millions of people in some poor areas are suffering from hunger every day. Though most Chinese have enough food to eat, there are still some others who are struggling hard for a little food to fill their stomach. Unfortunately, I can always see people leave a large part of their food on their plate and throw it as waste. It is reported that every year the Chinese altogether waste 50 million tons of food, which is enough to feed 200 million people for a whole year. What an alarming waste it is! We should feel guilty to waste so much food.
It is high time that we took action to stop such waste without delay. There is every reason for us to clean our plates at our meals. If all people cut down food waste, a large quantity of food can be saved and more people will be fed.
The “Clean Your Plate” campaign is really good and useful. Let’s join in and eat up our meals instead of wasting any food.
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