职称英语考试用书理工B小抄版.doc

二、阅读判断
1.Inventor of LED…When Nick Holonyak…ACBACCB
2.El Nino…While some…BACCBAC
3.Smoking…Since 1939,…BAACBAB
4.Engineering Ethics…Engineering ethics is…CBBACAA
5.Rescue Platform…In the aftermath of…BACBCBC
6.Microchip Research Center Created…A research center…BCBACAB
7.Moderate Earthquake Strikes England…A moderate earthquake…BCACBAA
8.Easy Learning…Students should be…ACCAABB
9.Dangers Await Babies with Altitude…Women who live…BCAABCB
10.Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique Dialect…Irish scientists monitoring…CBAACBA
11.Computer Mouse…The basic computer…BCAABCA
12.Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake…Scientists have found…ABCAABC
13.The Northern Lights…The Sun is stormy and…BACABCB
14.Biodiesel…Yuthachai of Thailand…CBABACA
15.Image Martian Dust Particles…NASA’s Phoenix Mars…ACBACBA
练习册
·Black Holes…Most scientists agree…AABCCBA
·Where Has the Salt Come from?...Every now and…ABBCAAB
·The Threat to Kiribati…The pelple of Kiribati…AABBCAC
·Megaplane…The Boeing Corp…ACBBACA
三、概括大意完毕句子
·Memory Test…”I am going to give…DEAFCEAB
·DVD for Rent…A pay-for-play system…CFEDAEDB
·Ford…Ford’s great strength…FBECDECA
·Robots…The most sophisticated…BECDBCAE
1.More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing…1 Although the dangers…EBADFEAC
2.Soot and Snow:a Hot Combination…1 New research form…CAFBBEDA
3.Icy Microbes…1 In ice that has…EAFDBCEA
4.Compact Disks…1 If someone says to you…DAFCEBCF
5.LED Lighting…1 An accidental discovery…BEDCFABC
6.How We Form First Impression…1 We all have first…DCBAEDCB
7.Screen Test…1 Every year millions…ABCDCDEF
8.The Mir Space Station…1 The Russian Mir Space…BECAFEDB
9.More Rural Research Is Needed…1 Agricultural research funding…EACBDAFC
10.Washoe Learned American Sign Language…1 An animal that influenced…CBEACADE
11.The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World…1 Scientists recently made…EBDFABFC
12.A Strong Greenhouse Gas…1 Methane is a colorless…EFCDABFE
13.Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu…1 If a super-flu strikes…DCAFEAFB
14.The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen…1 Check out the io Personal…FBACDEAF
15.Maglev Trains…1 A few countries are…AECBADCF
四、阅读理解
·Renewable Energy Sources…Today petroleum provides…BDCBA
·Hurricane Katrina…A hurricane is a fiercely…CBADD
·Trying to Find a Partner…One of the most striking…BDADC
·TapeStore:A New Tape Storage System…TapeStore is a new…CBDBC
·The Cherokee Nations…Long before the white…BCCDA
·Pool Watch…Swimmers can drown in…DCBAB
·U.S.Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer…Death rates for cancer…BDACD
·Crystal Ear…One day a friend asked…ACDBC
·Technology Transfer in Germany…When it comes to translating…ABCDD
·New Foods and the New World…In the last 500 years…ACDAB
·Please Fasten Your Seatbelts…Severe turbulence can kill…BCDAA
·”Salty” Rice Plant Boosts Harvests…British scientists are breedinig…DBCAA
1.Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles…The Ford motor company’s…CBACD
2.World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict…In a finding that may speed efforts…BDDAB
3.Citizen Scientists…Understanding how nature…CBBAD
4.Motoring Technology…1.2 million road deaths…CBDCA
5.Late-Night Drinking…Coffee lovers beware…CCADB
6.Weaving with Light…In the Sierra Madre mountain…BDCAC
7.Sugar Power for Cell Phones…Using enzymes commonly…CACBD
8.Eiffel Is an Eyeful…Some 300 meters up…BACBC
9.Egypt Felled by famine…Even ancient Egypt’s…DADAD
10.Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers…Young female chimps…BBCDA
11.The Net Cost of Making a Name for Yourself…Companies are paying up to $10,000…BBBAB
12.Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass…In January,…BBACD
13.Invisibility Ring…Scientists can’t yet make an…CBBAC
14.Japanese Car keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers…A concept car developed…CBADB
15.Winged Robot Learns to Fly…Learning how to fly took…CBABD
16.Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth…In what resembles…BDACA
17.A Sunshade for the Planet…Even with the best…CCAACD
18.Thirst for Oil…Worldwide every day…DCABD
19.Prolonging Human Life…Prolonging human…CBADD
20.Explorer of the Extreme Deep…Oceans cover more…CACDD
21.Plant Gas…Scientists have been…CBDDC
22.Snowflaakes…You’ve probablyheard…ADAAC
23.Powering a City?It’s a Breeze…The graceful wooden…BBCDD
24.Underground Coal Fires-a Looming Catastrophe…Coal burning deep underground…CADBD
25.Eat to Live…A meager diet…DBDAC
26.Male and female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently…Male pilots flying…BDABD
27.Driven to Distraction…Joe Coyne slides into…CDCDB
28.Sleep Lets Brain File Memories…To sleep.perchanceto…ACDBD
29.Food Fright…Experiments under way…ACBDA
30.Digital Realm…In the digital…BAADC
31.Hurricane Katrina…A hurricane is a fiercely powerful…CACDBD
32.Mind-reading Machine…A team of researchers…CDABB
33.Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste…The withdrawal of…BBDCA
34.Batteries Built by Viruses…What do chicken pox…CCDDA
35.Putting Plants to Work…
Using the power of the…CBBDC
36.Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning…A device that provides…DDCAB
37.”Don’t Drink Alone”Gets New Meaning…In what may be bad news…ACABD
38.Longer Lives for Wild Elephants…Most people think of…DBCDA
39.Clone Farm…Factory farming could…CADCA
40.Air Pollution Cloud Measured on Both Sides of Pacific…Scientists watched closely…DDCAC
41.Too Little for Global Warming…Oil and gas will run…DBDDB
42.Renewable Energy Sources…Today petroleum provides…DCBDB
43.Forecasting Methods…There are several…ABDCA
44.Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed…Judith S.Weis…BDAAD
45.Some Peolie Do Not Taste Salt Like Others…Low-salt foods may be…CABCA
46.Marvelous Metamaterials…Invisbility cloaks…CDCBA
47.Listening to Birdsong…A male zebra finch…CABDB
48.”Hidden”Species may Be Surprisingly Common…Cryptic species…DDACA
49.U.S.Scientists Confirm Water on Mars…NASA scientists said…CCACA
50.Cell Phones Increase Traffic,Pedestrian Fatalities…Cell phones are a danger…DBBAB
五、补全短文
·A Heroic Woman…The whole of the…BAEDF
·Landmines…Wordwide there are…DBFEA
·You Need Courage!...Shortly after I began…ECFAD
·Good Writing…Like fine food…CFADE
六、完形填空
1. Captain Cook Arrow Legend
It was a great legend while it lasted，but DNA testing has finally ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook who died in the Sandwich Islands’in 1779.
“There is no Cook in the Australian Museum，’’museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook’S bone.But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its exhibition，“Uncovered：Treasures of the Australian Museum,” which does include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani’opu’u in 1778.
Cook was one of Britain’s great explorers and is credited with discovering the“Great South Land，’’now Australia, in 1 770.He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands，now HawaiiThe 1egend of Cook’s arrow began in 1 824 when Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams，a London surgeon and relative of Cook’s wife，saying it was made of Cook’s bone after the fatal fight with islanders.
In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued until it came face-to-face with science.
DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook’s bone but was more likely made of animal bone。said Philp.
However, Cook’s fans refuse to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered.as they say there is evidence not a11 of Cook’s body was buried at sea in 1 779.“On this occasion technology has won"，”said Cliff Thornton，president of the Captain Cook Society, in a statement from Britain.“But I am sure that one of these days…one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.’’
2. Avalanche and Its Safety
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are among the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope that supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is likely to cause an avalanche, is a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low risk of avalanche. Snow does not gather significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not flow easily on fiat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest 1is between 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb2 is: A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche,　regardless of the angle. Additionally3, avalanche risk increases with use ; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry4 is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous process , including route selection and examination to the snowpack, weather conditions , and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also reduce the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid attention to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are missing or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.
3.What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?
What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth?Where was this low temperature recorded?The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was -90℃,which occurred in Antarctica in 1983.
We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in space.Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to -120℃.The temperature depends upon whether you are in direct sunlight or shade.Obviously,-120℃ is colder than our body can safely endure.Thank NASA science for well-designed space suits that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.
The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of the solar system.Obviously,it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun.Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -210℃.How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again,it depends upon your location. We are taught it is supposedly impossible to have a temperature below absolute zero,which is -273℃,at which atoms do not move.Two scientists,whose names are Cormell and Wieman,have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely a bove absolute zero.They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 200l for their work-not a discovery,in this case.
Why is the two scientists’work so important to science?
In the 1920S,Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting theory about special light particles we now call photons.Bose had trouble convincing other scientists to believe his theory,so he contacted Albert Einstein.Einstein’s calculations helped him theorize that atoms would behave as Bose thought-but only at very cold temperatures.
Scientists have also discovered that ultra-cold atoms can help them make the world’s atomic clocks even more accurate.These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second every six million years!Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time(d=v×t).With the long distances involved in space travel,we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.
4. Animal's “Sixth Sense”
A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, . It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals, however, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that I they possess a “sixth sense” for disasters, experts said.
Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island's coast clearly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found.
“No elephants are dead, not even a dead rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening.” H.D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka's Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The waves washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka's biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.
“There has been a lot of apparent evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven,” said Matthew van Lierop an animal behavior specialist at Johannesburg Zoo.
“There have been no specific studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field setting2,” he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this assessment.
“Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain phenomenon, especially birds… there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters,” said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.
Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators.
The notion of an animal “sixth sense”-or some other mythical power-is an enduring one3 which the evidence on Sri Lanka's ravaged coast is likely to add to.
The Romans saw owls as omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.
5. Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind
　　If you cannot see, you may not be able to1 find your way out of a burning building—and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that with directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.
　　Sound Alert, a company run by the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for blind people in Sommerset and a resource center for the blind in Cumbria.The alarms produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the sound is coming from.
　　Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be heard by humans. “It is a burst of white noise that people say sounds like static on the radio,” she says. “Its life-saving potential is great.”
　　She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of3 a large smoke-filled room. It took them nearly fou