新思维综合英语课程辅导Unit55市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

新思维综合英语(3)课程辅导Unit 5（2125）巴州电大第1页Unit 5 Learning objectivesvHow to react to an event or a story对事件或故事作出vHow to tell a story讲故事vHow to write a report写新闻报道 第2页英语新闻结构特征英语新闻结构特征“硬新闻硬新闻”,“软新闻软新闻”v新闻种类很多，按分类标准不一样，有各种不一样分类方法。如按照事件性质分类，新闻可分为“硬新闻”（hard news）和“软新闻”（soft news）两大类，硬新闻即“纯新闻消息报道”，指题材严厉、含有一定时效性客观事实报道；软新闻是情感味浓、写作方法诙谐、轻松幽默社会新闻，不重视时效性。第3页新闻英语中常见体裁主要有三大类：v消息（news）、特写（features）和新闻评论（commentaries and columns）。新闻写作因为记者写作格调不一样，文体结构无定格。但大致上说新闻文体主体结构是由标题、导语、正文三部分组成。新闻写作因为记者写作格调不一样，文体结构无定格。但大致上说新闻文体主体结构是由标题、导语、正文三部分组成。v标题（headline）：浓缩概括全文中心实责问题。导语（lead or introduction）：通常为文章第一段。文章第一段提供主要话题和最主要事实。正文（body）：在导语基础上，引入更多与主题相关事实，使之愈加详实、详细，并展开评论，进而得出结论。第4页v特写是报纸上一个主要报道体裁。相对于普通新闻报道而言，含有形式多样、题材不限、篇幅随意等特点。v通常是摄取生活中最富有特征和表现力事件，经过各种表现手法进行生动刻画，使之含有强烈视觉和感染效果，产生立体感，从而更集中、突出地表现新闻事实和主题。v特写是一个带有创作性，有时也带有主观性文章，意在给读者以精神享受，并使他们对某件事、某种情况或对生活中某个侧面有所了解。特写从内容到表现方式都应该充满趣味性，让读者以为有趣，从中得到消遣.v特写报道题材十分广泛，不论是硬新闻或软新闻，都能够用特写体裁加以报道。按照报道题材划分，可分为人物特写、人物特写、事件特写、风光特写和亲身经历特写事件特写、风光特写和亲身经历特写等十余种详细类别。第5页v人物特写则是以特定人物为报道对象，利用相当丰富、细致材料反应以个人思想、精神、情感、言行、事迹，并以此来感动、感染、激励或者教育读者一个通讯。v这个“人物”能够是出类拔萃，也能够是默默无闻，但他们在一篇成功特写里应该一样散发着独一无二个人魅力。v人物特写人物特写被比作是简短生动自传，不过局限于版面要求，人物特写只能是一篇文章长度。人物特写要抓住当前人物性格中精华以及人们对其感兴趣地方，对人物所作所为进行客观报道，从而让读者自己从中悟出人物与众不一样之处。（如这个单元和下一单元特写）v一篇优异人物特写需要精心组织和酝酿，深入观察和思索，尤其表示方式或视角以及丰富情感。一个细节描写，一个抒情开头或结尾，一个新奇角度都会使人物充满感感人、温暖人、激励人独特魅力。第6页Lesson 21Hanging Tough艰难攀登艰难攀登v课文主题和结构课文主题和结构这是一篇人物特写，主要描写了两位普通而不平凡登山运动员不畏艰险克服身体残疾征服高峰，并相互扶持相互勉励感人故事。课文可分两大部分：第一大部分（14自然段）：导言部分。引入两位主人公，介绍两人关系和各自情况，给大家一个兴趣点：为何两人情谊如此深厚？第二大部分（513自然段）：正文部分。分为四小部分。部分一（4，5，6自然段）：两分在攀登HALF DOME峭壁过程。部分二（7，8自然段）：两人平时在登山时分工。部分三（9，10，11自然段）：两人开始计划登山情景。部分四（12，13自然段）：两人各自感悟。第7页Focus Questionsv1Was anyone waiting for them when they reached the top of Half Dome?Who?v2What happened to Mark Wellman when he was 22 years old?v3How long did it take Wellman and Corbett to climb Half Dome?v4How did Mark Wellman and Mike Corbett become friends?v5Why did Mark Wellman climb Half Dome?第8页Language points in the textv首先，要有一个能够触动读者心弦导语。第一部分是决定读者是否愿意继续了解人物关键，对于介绍平凡人物特写，开头更是重中之重。开头要用很简短却有力语言把所要介绍人物最大特点、最突出贡献准确地概括出来。段1：They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives.他们是那种亲密无间朋友，能够相互以生命相依靠。这个开场白仅一句话就让读者产生了继续阅读兴趣，希望知道为何两人情谊如此深厚。1表示程度 sothat 结构，省略了 that 这个词。原文相当于They are the sort of friends who are so close that they trust each other with their lives.2trust each other：“相互信任”。e.g.Jane said she and John couldnt trust each other any more.第9页v接下来，作者对“他们”这对亲密生死至交进行了深入解释。v段2：If one falls,the other is there to catch him.If one needs a lift over some obstacle that seems impossible to get beyond,the other wont leave until the obstacle is conquered.假如一个人失足落下山崖，另外一位一定会在那里将他抓住救起；假如一个人碰到了似乎是不可逾越障碍，另外一位不克服障碍决不抛弃朋友不论。1If one falls.相当于If one of them needs help to pass a very difficult part of the climb,the other one wont go on until they have both succeeded.注意二者中“另一个”要用 the other,而不能用 another.2注意这段话中两个介词over 和beyond。都是修饰obstacle。等读者继续往下看，就知道这两句If从句详细所指了。第10页v段3：介绍了两人身份。They are Mark Wellman,31,the Yosemite National Park ranger whose paralyzed legs dont keep him from rock climbing,and Mike Corbett,37,a medical clinic janitor and the most experienced rock climber in Yosemite.他们是 Mark Wellman 和 Mike Corbett。Mark Wellman，31岁，Yosemite 国家公园守林人，瘫痪双腿并没有阻止他继续参加攀岩活动；Mike Corbett，37岁，一家医疗所门警，是 Yosemite 最富有经验攀岩健将。1注意，我们要学习在一个句子中含概众多信息。这个句子主要结构是They are+姓名，年纪，职业（定语从句）and姓名，年纪，职业 and 身份。这么能够防止信息零碎拖沓。2whose paralyzed legs dont keep him from rock climbing keep sb.from（doing）sth.=preventfrom：“阻止某人做某事”。比如：All the difficulties and hardships didnt keep them from carrying on with their project in the enemy-occupied village.v全部这些艰难困苦都没有能够阻止他们在敌人占领村庄里继续进行他们项目。第11页v段4：对说明两分攀登HALF DOME峭壁事件。Their friendship served each of them well over the two brutal weeks they struggled up Half Dome,climbing hand over hand up the famous Yosemite 2,000-foot rock formation.是同甘苦共患难深厚情谊使他们在艰辛两个星期里战胜了 Half Dome 这座峭壁，一点一点地最终爬上了 Yosemite 有名高达英尺石崖。1Over=during。2注意该句sth.serve sb.do sth./prep短语。短语。3hand over hand：一点一点。：一点一点。Hand by hand：手拉手。：手拉手。Face to face：面对面。：面对面。4另外，注意：另外，注意：so（that）句型。句型。When the pair reached the top,they were met by Wellmans girlfriend and an admiring crowd of news reporters.当他们抵达顶峰时迎接他们有 Wellman 女友和一群充满赞赏之情新闻记者an admiring crowd：“充满崇敬羡慕之情人群”。英语中这种使用方法有很多，往往为了增强语言感染力。eg.appreciating faces,worrying look on his face,etc.第12页v段5：讲述了身体残疾一方救了自己朋友一命经历。通常认为是身体健全人更轻易攀爬，但这里一个令人意外细节描写，让读者意识到残疾人不但能够登山，与健全人在一起登山，还能给予救助。Using skill and strength,Corbett led the way up one of the most difficult routes on Half Dome.在爬上Half Dome最艰难一条路线时，Corbett 利用技术和力量走在前面。lead the way：带路。And Wellman was there for his able-bodied friend early in the climb when pieces of rock gave way,700 feet above the group,and Corbett plunged downward.Wellman 在那里为他健壮朋友早早地做好准备。突然，在离开地面人群700英尺地方，石块塌落了，Corbett摔了下去。意思是 Wellman was the one who saved his able-bodied friend when pieces of rock started to fall.1able-bodied=strong and active in body：“身体健壮”。2give way 坍毁；松垮。e.g.The bridge was not very strong,and when a very heavy truck tried to cross,the bridge gave way and everything fell into the river.3Plunge：“落下；猛跌”,这里用来强调Corbett重重掉下来时情景，描写得非常详细。比如：She slipped and plunged into the river.第13页v4Wellman locked their rope in place,stopping the fall at 20 feet.Wellmen 固定住了绳索，使他朋友在20英尺处停顿了坠落。stopping 这个分词短语用作前边动作结果状语。in place：处于适当位置，归位。Out of place：处于非适当位置。v段6：经过对报道主人公采访使读者更了解两人彼此之间亲密友爱之情。注意：一些受访人精彩引语会从各个层面或角度印证特写人物经典形象和突出贡献。“Your partner can save your lifeyou can save your partners life,”Wellman said as the pair received congratulations from friends.“There are real close bonds.”“你搭档能够挽救你性命，你也能够挽救搭档性命。”两人在接收朋友们祝贺时，Wellman 讲道，“我们之间亲密无间。”There are real close bonds.（朋友之间）存在着真正亲密关系。第14页v段7和段8分别说明两人在平时攀岩时分工，其中段7描述Corbett在攀登时详细工作。注意：这段落中关于人物攀岩详细细节令人难忘（细节是让人物在新闻中鲜活起来生命力）。On their climbs,Corbett must take the lead and,in effect,climb the rock twice.相当于 When they are climbing together,Corbett has to climb first,and this really means that he has to climb the rock twice.在攀岩时，Corbett 必须带头，实际上，他必须往返攀两次。1take the lead：带头；领先。如：For the first half of the race,it was Roger Bannister who took the lead.2in effect 实际上；基本上。e.g.The taxes were very high and,in effect,made it impossible for the business to make a profit.3Corbett backtracks to remove the spikes.意思是 Corbett has to go back to where he came from to remove the spikes from the rocks.还得返回去取下铁钉重新再爬上来。On Half Dome this process was repeated,time and again,inch by inch,for 13 years在Half Dome 悬崖上，这一过程一寸一寸地，一而再、再而三地重复了十三天。第15页v4time and again=again and again,repeatedly,一再；频频。同义短语还有 time after time,time and time again 等。e.g.Thousands of people have proved it time and time again.注意：这段里many times，twice，inch by inch，for 13 days等等关于Corbett往返上下带着Wellman重复攀登详尽描述，让人们对他艰辛感到震惊。因为普通攀岩者工作量本已经很大，而主人公还要带着一个残疾同伴一起攀登。v段8：另一主人公残疾Wellman工作也不清闲。从这里5000次，6英寸，以及他仅仅用上半身来攀登等细节，一样给读者深刻印象。As evidenced by his arm and chest muscles,Wellmans job is not easy either.=Wellmans job is not easy either.His powerful arm and chest muscles can prove this.从 Wellman 胳膊和胸膛上健壮肌肉能够看出，他工作也并非易事。第16页vWellman gets himself up the rope through upper body strength alone.他只能依靠自己上半身力量来攀上绳索vIn all,Wellman figures that on the climb up Half Dome he did 5,000 pullups up the rope,each time gaining no more than six inches.这句话意思是 Wellman estimates that he pulled himself up using only his arms 5000 times while they climbed Half Dome.vEach pullup meant that he had climbed only about six inches higher.Wellman预计，爬到Half Dome顶上时，自己一共顺着绳子向上拉了5,000次，每次最多不超出6英寸高度。v in all：“总共；共计”。e.g.There were fifty-six people in all.第17页v段9段11讲述了两人当初计划攀岩过程：Wellman攀岩致残后两人首次见面情景，Corbett用其它残疾人事迹勉励Wellman继续攀岩，两人着手攀登了El Capitan悬崖和Half Dome峭壁。That same night they made plans,and the next morning,ropes in hand,they met to begin training.就是在那天晚上，他们制订了计划，第二天早晨他们就手拿绳索集合在一起开始了训练。Within six months,he had climbed E1 Capitan,the rock formation that dominates the right side of Yosemite Valley.不到六个月时间，他们就爬上了 Yosemite 山谷右边最高名为 El Capitan 悬崖。vDominate：“高于；俯瞰”。Within six months：英语中，“六个月”普通多用 six months，也能够说 half a year,但“一年半”能够说 a year and a half.第18页vAnd now they have climbed Half Dome,up a route so dangerous because of its crumbly granite that fewer than 30 people have climbed it.现在他们又征服了Half Dome 这座峭壁，而且是沿着一条危险松软花岗岩表面攀上去，那里只有不到30个人曾经攀上去过。注意：so that结构中that后不是定语从句，另外，该结构做后置定语修饰route。v段12和段13分别是两人感言。注意作者利用了直接引语和间直接引语和间接引语接引语。直接引语可令人信服。间接引语可凝练概括被采访人话，可起点睛之笔作用。v间接引语：Wellman said he is not trying to send any message to disabled people by climbing.Wellman 说，自己攀岩并不是为了给残疾人一个什么启示。第19页v直接引语：“Everyone has their own goals,”Wellman said.“I dont climb rocks to say that this is what a disabled person can do.”“每个人都有自己目标，”Wellman 说，“我攀岩并不是说残疾人应该这么做。”v间接引语+直接引语：He simply hopes people will see that he climbed before his accident and is still climbing after it“No big deal.”他只是希望人们能够明白，他出事前是攀岩，出事以后他还在继续从事攀岩活动。“这算不了什么。v”No big deal.=Its no extraordinary thing.没有什么了不起。vbig deal,口语中惯用来表示“某事并没有说或想象那么主要、有趣、了不起等”，有时也用no big deal来表示一样含义。比如：-I walked sixteen miles yesterday.-Big deal.第20页v段13：Corbett感言。间接引语：Corbett wants to bring attention to climbing,his first love,and hopes someone somewhere will find inspiration.Corbett 希望人们能够关注攀岩这项他最喜欢体育活动，能够从中得到勉励。直接引语：“I encourage other able-bodied people to stop and make a friend,”Corbett said.“Never underestimate a person with a disability.They can blow your mind.”“我勉励那些身体健康人们能够停下来，做个朋友，”Corbett 说，“永远不要低估一个残疾人，他会令你惊诧不已。”1Never underestimate a person with a disability.=Never think that a handicapped person cannot do something.They can blow your mind.=(Sometimes）they can completely amaze you by doing things you might think impossible.v To blow ones mind,是英语中一个非正式使用方法，指一些不一样寻常事情对某人有启发、有启迪，使人震惊。比如:This book is full of astonishing ideas.It can blow your mind.第21页我们能够总结一下该报道中各项基本信息：vWho:Wellman,Corbett.Where:Half Dome.When:No definite time.What:Climbing mountainWhy:to prove oneself;to encourage others.How:an able man and a disable man helping each other.第22页Answers to the Focus Questionsv1Who was anyone waiting for them when they reached the top of Half Dome?Wellmans girlfriend and an admiring crowd of news reporters.v2What happened to Mark Wellman when he was 22 years old?He slipped while climbing and fell 50 feet.That fall paralyzed his legs.v3How long did it take Wellman and Corbett to climb Half Dome?It took 13 days.v4How did Mark Wellman and Mike Corbett become friends?Through their mutual interest in mountain climbing.v5Why did Mark Wellman climb Half Dome?Because he hopes people will see that he climbed before his accident and is still climbing.第23页vLesson 22 Did I Ever Tell You?Anne Christopher is telling her friends Maria Diaz and Steven Wong about a frightening experience she once had.Steven has heard her story before.vLesson 22 Did I Ever Tell You?Anne Christopher is telling her friends Maria Diaz and Steven Wong about a frightening experience she once had.Steven has heard her story before.第24页Focus Questionsv1.Why did they go into the cave?v2.What was the weather like when they went into the cave?v3.Why did Tom scream in the cave?v4.Why did they wait in the cave for hours before they came out?第25页v学习本课，需要注意怎样征求或提供建议、怎样谈论习惯、怎样谈论社会习俗等语言功能，还要注意 must,be supposed to do sth,have to,以及动名词用法。1How horrible.这句话用来对Anne所说话表示同情，相当于 That must have been horrible.2Tom Riley and I 当第一人称和第二人称或第三人称一起主语时，习惯上将第一人称置于第二人称或第三人称后。3The rain just came nowhere once wed been in the cave for an hour or so.vcame out of nowhere,意即 appeared for no apparent reason or from no apparent source,表示某事突如其来地或莫名其妙地发生了。例如：I just cant understand Jenny.It seemed that her anger came out of nowhere.or so,经常用在数词之后表示“大约”概念，可以译为“左右”,数词前面就不再用表示“大约”概念about一词。例如：We waited at the gate for thirty minutes or so.Language points in the dialogue第26页v4I wasnt exactly thrilled.这句话略带有一些幽默味道。说话人为了描述自己被困洞穴中时艰难处境而有意用了这种说法，意思是 I wasnt thrilled at all，即“我根本没发抖。”v5 a close call.差点就要命了。v6Looking back on it,it seems exciting.looking back on it=thinking about it,回想起来。第27页Answers to the Focus Questionsv1.Why did they go into the cave?To explore.v2.What was the weather like when they went into the cave?It wasnt raining.v3.Why did Tom scream in the cave?A bat swooped down in his face.v4.Why did they wait in the cave for hours before they came out?They waited there for hours for the water level to go down.第28页Lesson 10On your ownv新闻报道、新闻故事写作技巧新闻报道、新闻故事写作技巧首先，要有一个能够触动读者心弦导语。第一段是决定读者是否愿意继续了解人物关键，对于介绍平凡人物特写，开头更是重中之重。开头要用很简短却有力语言把所要介绍人物最大特点、最突出贡献准确地概括出来。第二，经过细节描写和细腻心理刻画，充分表现和挖掘人物性格和精神面貌。读者对一篇人物通讯报道事迹、概貌、数据往往会看后遗忘，但感人细节却经常令人难忘，所以细节是让人物在新闻中鲜活起来生命力。第三，经过对很多相关人物采访使主人公形象趋于丰满。一些受访人精彩引语会从各个层面或角度印证特写人物经典形象和突出贡献。第29页Lesson 10On your ownv新闻报道、新闻故事写作技巧新闻报道、新闻故事写作技巧首先，要有一个能够触动读者心弦导语。第一段是决定读者是否愿意继续了解人物关键，对于介绍平凡人物特写，开头更是重中之重。开头要用很简短却有力语言把所要介绍人物最大特点、最突出贡献准确地概括出来。第二，经过细节描写和细腻心理刻画，充分表现和挖掘人物性格和精神面貌。读者对一篇人物通讯报道事迹、概貌、数据往往会看后遗忘，但感人细节却经常令人难忘，所以细节是让人物在新闻中鲜活起来生命力。第三，经过对很多相关人物采访使主人公形象趋于丰满。一些受访人精彩引语会从各个层面或角度印证特写人物经典形象和突出贡献。第四，作者本人分析或是抒情感叹会起到画龙点睛作用。这么结尾，在信息上做了主要补充，在情感上充满了钦佩和惋惜，同时它又给人以希望。淋漓尽致抒情也可让人读后感动不已，陷入久久沉思，这就是作者深刻思想、细腻情感力量。第30页v与消息写作不一样，人物特写在表示情感方面，显然有着更大发挥余地。假如说在英语纯消息中我们看到更多是新闻客观性和意见表示均衡，难免流于程式，那么在优异特写中我们更多地读到情感真实流露，不但能够看到清楚枝干，而且能够观赏到有血有肉细节。英文人物特写非常重视人物真实情感，更多地从各个角度和细节来呼应人物精神和丰富内心世界。第31页vWrap-up tipsHow to react to an event or a story 对事件或故事做出反应How to tell a story 讲故事How to write a report 写新闻报道第32页短语或词组短语或词组vtrust each other：相互信任keep sb.from(doing)sth.：阻止某人做某事hand over hand：一点一点an admiring crowd：充满崇敬羡慕之情人群lead the way：带路give way：坍毁；松垮in place：处于适当位置，归位 take the lead：带头；领先in effect：实际上；基本上time and again：一再；频频in all：总共；共计No big deal：这算不了什么。没有什么了不起blow ones mind：对某人有启发、有启迪，使人震惊go cave exploring：洞穴探险a close call：差点就没命了look back on sth：回顾某事第33页