新思维综合英语3课程辅导Unit31115市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

新思维综合英语(3)课程辅导Unit 3（1115）巴州电大第1页Unit3 Learning objectivesvHow to persuade someone怎样说服他人vHow to give an opinion怎样发表意见vHow to support an opinion怎样支持或阐述意见vLearn to write letters or short articles giving ones opinion on some issues or persuading sb.to do sth.学习书信写作，就某事阐述意见或力劝某人做某事 第2页英语文章阅读宏观技巧英语文章阅读宏观技巧v一、经过文章标题推断文章内容技巧一、经过文章标题推断文章内容技巧普通来说，文章标题应具备三个特点：准确（标题应切合文章内容）；鲜明（标题应明确提倡什么，反对什么）；简练（标题用语精炼，高度概括）。标题根本目标是揭示文章话题和中心内容。经过分析文章标题，对文章内容进行大胆地推测或想象，最少有三个方面作用：第3页v第一，有利于提升阅读兴趣。在阅读正文时候，一边阅读一边检验自己推测得是否准确、是否有一定道理，能够增强阅读目标性，提升阅读兴趣。第二，能够调动已经有英语知识，进行充分联想，提升阅读了解效果。比如，Lesson 11标题是，Pets as Status Symbols.标题中提到了 pets（宠物），还提到了status symbols（身份地位象征）。由此能够推断，文章应该是关于宠物与主人身份地位之间关系方面内容。第三，方便英语听说读写多项技能综合练习。假如你是自主学习能力比较强人，还能够经过标题提醒，进行口头或笔头练习活动，阐发自己观点和看法。这么练习对于提升阐述和叙述观点等方面口语能力和写作能力是很有帮助。第4页二、寻找文章主题技巧二、寻找文章主题技巧v文章主题，往往是一句话，通常叫做文章主题句。文章主题往往要依据主题句来归纳和概括。文章主题句普通在文章中心段中，所以，寻找主题句，要先找中心段，而寻找中心段关键是搞清文章结构和写作方法。首先需要确定文章是什么类型：记叙文、说明文还是议论文；其次，依据文章内容连贯性和层次性等，了解文章结构，学会将文章分成几个大段落。第5页Lesson 11中心段是第几段？第三自然段。（请你自中心段是第几段？第三自然段。（请你自己试者寻找一下这段主题。）己试者寻找一下这段主题。）分清文章段落结构后，就能够归纳总结段落大意了v三、归纳段落大意技巧三、归纳段落大意技巧段落（paragraph）是由表示单一中心思想（controlling idea or central idea）一组句子（包含主题句 topic sentence,扩展句supporting sentences及结论句concluding sentence）组成，是文章结构基本独立单位。v第6页第7页v段落大意也称段落主题。跟文章主题一样，段落主题也往往经过主题句表现出来，是段落主题句归纳或总结。段落主题句是段落将帅，是一段中信息聚焦点。其位置通常在段落开头或结尾，有也会在段落中间。寻找段落主题句方法和寻找文章主题句方法相同。但值得注意是：寻找段落主题句，不但要着眼整段，而且还要统揽全篇，因为段落主题句不但表述段落主旨大意，而且对文章主题还起着指示和限定作用。为了快速抓住每一段落主要内容，正确地找出段落主题句是非常关键。第8页v了解段落或句子深层含义与归纳段落大意有所不一样。归纳段落大意使用是总结概括方法，而了解段落或句子深层含义利用则是分析文字语义方法。也就是说，透过字面意思去看深层含义，需要从单词、短语、英语阅读是一项复杂脑力劳动，它需要阅读技巧，而任何技巧都是建立在厚实语言知识、广泛文化知识、较强鉴赏能力以及主动阅读态度之上，所以，在重视技巧同时，千万别忘记打好坚实语言和知识基础。四、了解段落或句子深层含义技巧四、了解段落或句子深层含义技巧第9页Lesson 11,Pets as Status Symbols v课文主题和结构：课文主题和结构：From the title of the article,you may have guessed that it may be about the relationship between pets and status symbols.Maybe people take pets as the status symbols.So can you guess what kind of pets are the most valuable?If you can,what kind of animal would you like to keep as a pet personally?这是一篇说明文，经过历史事例，说明世界各地达官贵族把珍奇动物看成宠物，看成身份象征来喂养情况。第10页v全文共九个自然段，能够分为四段。第一、二自然段为第一段，介绍了英国国王 Henry 三世喂养熊为宠物情况。第三自然段为第二段，总体概述了皇家贵族都有喂养珍奇动物为宠物癖好。第四第八自然段为第三段，分别介绍了世界其它国家达官贵族喂养各种珍奇动物为宠物情况。第九自然段为第四段，简单说明喂养珍奇动物为宠物习惯不但古代有，而且沿袭到了当代社会。不过，不论是教授还是社会公众对在家里喂养巨大宠物做法都持反对意见。文章以一个详细事例（Henry三世在Thames河边放养大白熊）开头，引出全文主题，即第三自然段关于皇家贵族都有喂养珍奇动物为宠物癖好总体论断。紧接着列举了世界各国高官显贵喂养各种珍奇动物事例，最终在结尾时候，说明了人们对这种习惯看法。行文相当紧凑，一气呵成。第11页Focus QuestionsvMatch the people with the pet(s)they kept.PersonPetv1.King Henry IIIa.lions and leopardsv2.Emperor Elagabalusb.a ravenv3.Egyptian royaltyc.a large white bearv4.Emperor Augustusd.monkeys and leopardsv5.Louis IX of Francee.an orangutanv6.Baudelairef.a lobsterv7.Napoleons wife Josephineg.an elephant and a porcupine.第12页v文章第一段，即一、二自然段，介绍了英国国王 Henry 三世喂养熊为宠物情况。Londoners who happened to walk along the Thames during the mid-thirteenth century might have seen a large white bear walking down to the river.抓住这句话句子主干部分Londoners might have seen a large white bear 就不难了解它了。v这里，情态动词 might+have done sth,意思是对过去事情猜测，不过可能性比较小。假如对过去事情猜测可能性比较大，能够用 may+have done sth.如：He is not in the dormitory.He may have gone to the library.Language points in the text第13页vThames,River Thames,流经伦敦一条著名河流，过去Thames 岸边都是富人居住地方，现在也是。Following behind would be a man,holding the bear with a long leash.倒装语序，为了强调“后面总是跟着一个人”情况，holding the bear with a long leash作伴随状语。v情态动词 would 在这里表示过去习惯，“总是做某事”，跟下句话中两个would含义是相同。The man would sit on the riverbank while the bear,still attached to the leash,would go into the water and fish for its dinner.v Attach to,依赖，依恋，依附；（被动使用方法attached to）附着在；束缚，系，绑。vFish for,在水中捞取食物。第14页vBelong to,属于。vThe book belongs to Mr Li,who was here in the morning.Henry wanted to save money,so he had the bear catch its own food.vSave money,节约钱；省钱。vHave sb do sth,让某人做某事。The people of London must have appreciated his sense of economy since they paid for the bears expenses.当初伦敦人一定对 Henry 三世节俭作风有过领教，因为他们支付了熊一切费用。v情态动词must+have done sth,表示对过去事情非常必定猜测或判断。vAppreciate,了解，明白。vEconomy,此处，不是“经济”，而是“节俭”意思。第15页v第二段即第三自然段，总体概述了皇家贵族都有喂养珍奇动物为宠物癖好。vHenry was not the first king to keep large pets.Henry 三世并不是第一个喂养巨大充物国王。vThe+序数词(+名词)+do do sth，第几（多少）个做某事vkeep pets 喂养充物。vAnimals of great beauty,即下文中提到 the biggest,the strongest,and the most dangerous animals.可见旧时上层社会盛行穷奢极侈生活方式。第三段即第四八自然段，分别介绍了世界其它国家达官贵族喂养各种珍奇动物为宠物情况。第16页v 第四自然段第一句话就是本段主题句 Both the ancient Egyptians and Chinese collected animals for pleasure.紧接着扩展句以并列句形式说明了古代埃及皇家和中国皇帝们喂养动物情况。vParks of intelligence,智慧园，逸智园。Royal,皇家，皇室。Royalty,名词，皇室，皇家。第五自然段介绍意大利帝王喂养鸟类兴趣。Birds,exotic or familiar,were popular in Rome.在罗马，不论是希罕古怪还是人们熟悉鸟都曾经是很盛行。第17页vExotic,异国情调，异域；奇异；吸引人。v这句话相当于：Birds,whether they were exotic or familiar,were popular in Rome.v又如：Nowadays,traffic conditions in most cities,big or small,are getting worse and worse,with so many new cars on road everyday.伴随天天新车上路数量增加，多数城市，不论大小，交通条件越来越差了。He was supposedly given a raven trained to say Ave,Caesar victor imperator,“Hail,Caesar,victorious leader.”听说，有些人送他一只经过训练大乌鸦，它会说Ave,Caesar victor imperator.（意思是，向您致敬，恺撒，胜利领袖！）Supposedly,大约，恐怕，听说。trained to say过去分词短语做定语，修饰 a raven.第18页vOctavian was very pleased until he learned that the trainer had taught another raven to say Ave victor imperator Antoni,in case Antony had won.屋大维一直很高兴，直到有一天他得知那位训鸟师同时也训练了另一只大乌鸦说“Ave victor imperator Antoni”以防万一 Antony获胜。v介词 until 前“高兴”直到until后“得知”就结束了。In case,以免，假如，万一。They left one hour earlier just in case they might miss the train.他们怕耽搁了火车提前一小时就离开了。第19页v第六自然段介绍古代罗马经常有些人喂养蛇和其它危险动物。vAt one time,曾经，表示过去有一段时间。A nuisance,讨厌人、事物。The mosquitoes are a nuisance.蚊子是讨厌东西。They would glide over the tables 情态动词would 表示过去经常一个习惯。vGlide over sth,在某物上面滑来滑去。Dangerous animals were tamed and then permitted to walk freely through the houses of the rich.在富人家里经常有被驯服凶猛野兽自由自在往返走动。vBe permitted to do sth,被准许做某事。Smoking is not permitted in this office.这间办公室不许吸烟。第20页vEmperor Elagabalus,埃拉加巴拉斯(204-222年在位,罗马皇帝,荒淫放荡,臭名昭著。)第七自然段介绍欧洲其它国家皇家贵族喂养动物情况，从中能够看出，这些上层社会生活方式是何等地奢侈豪华。Open up,开辟出来；打开，开放。vThe country is beginning to open up to the outside world.这个国家开始向外部世界开放了。vFill with,装满，充满vFilled with anger and disappointment,he locked himself up in his tiny room for seven days.义愤填膺，失望之极，他把自己锁在小房间里长达七天。第21页v第八自然段第一句话点出了本段主题句：Not only did rich people keep pets,they made them do strange things for their entertainment.A Portuguese princess went to the trouble of getting zebras because she thought they would look pretty pulling the royal children in a little carriage.葡萄牙一位公主千方百计弄来斑马，因为她认为，斑马拉上一辆小马车，皇家儿女坐在上面，看上去一定会漂亮。vGo to the trouble of doing sth,不遗余力地/千方百计地/想法设法地做某事。To her great disappointment,she got no cooperation from the zebras.令她大为失望是，那些斑马并不与她合作。v To ones disappointment/surprise/sadness,让某人失望/惊奇/悲伤是第22页v第九自然段为第四段，简单地说明喂养珍奇动物为宠物习惯不但古代有，而且沿袭到了当代社会。vOwning and displaying exotic pets has continued into more modern times.不过，不论是教授还是社会公众对在家里喂养巨大宠物做法都持反对意见。vGenerally speaking the feeling of both the public and the experts goes against keeping bears in the backyard or lions in the living room.Over the years,it has become obvious that 伴随时间推移，越来越显著地第23页背景知识背景知识v屋大维（Octavian,Emperor Augustus,公元前63-公元）罗马帝国第一位皇帝，元首政制创建者。公元前31年在亚克兴海战中击败安东尼，成为罗马唯一主宰。公元前27年1月13日，在元老院宣告交卸权力，还政于民，元老院为此授予他“奥古斯都”（意为“神圣”、“伟大”）尊号。屋大维是机智善断、慎重稳健政治家和军事家。在他执政期间先后征服了西班牙，占领了埃及、米西亚、潘诺尼亚、达尔马提亚和日耳曼。屋大维执政期间，罗马军队人数不停增加，曾达25个军团，每个军团有步兵六千人，骑兵七百余人，连同辅助部队在内，往往达一万人之多。第24页安东尼（安东尼（Marc Antony,公元前公元前83-公元公元30年）年）v古罗马统帅、政治家，是一位有才能军事指挥官，含有指挥大队骑兵部队机动作战天赋。曾为凯撒部将并随之远征高卢。凯撒死后安东尼与屋大维为了争夺罗马最高统治权而展开了屡次战斗。公元前31年安东尼与埃及艳后和屋大维军队大战于亚克兴海角。在战斗最为激烈时候，埃及艳后率领埃及舰队突然撤出战场，逃往埃及。安东尼被迫也抛弃军队逃回埃及。余下军队失去主帅，被屋大维毁灭殆尽。第二年，屋大维进军埃及，在亚历山大里亚附近击败安东尼，安东尼因绝望伏剑自刎。第25页v路易九世（Louis IX，1226 1274年）法国国王，是Philip 二世之孙，平定叛乱诸侯，伸张王权。执政公正贤良，为国人爱戴；又两次参加十字军东征，增强法国地位。v查尔斯五世（Charles V，?年）西班牙国王，平定叛乱诸侯，伸张王权。执政公正贤良，为国人爱戴；又两次参加十字军东征，增强法国地位。v亨利四世（Henry IV，1589 16）法国波旁王朝第一代国王。第26页v法国资产阶级政治家、军事家、法兰西第一帝国和百日王朝皇帝。他在1797年威震半个欧洲；18在沙俄帮助下打败瑞典，除英国仍与之作战外，几乎征服整个欧洲大陆，使整个欧洲地图为之改动。拿破仑1796年娶了约瑟芬(Josephine)。约瑟芬前夫在法国大革命时期被送上断头台处死。18因拿破仑怀疑约瑟芬不能再生育而休妻。18拿破仑又与奥地利皇帝法兰西斯一世女儿玛丽路易斯结婚。玛丽路易斯（1791-1874）成为拿破仑第二位皇后，生有一子，即拿破仑二世。拿破仑（Napoleon Bonaparte,1769-18）第27页v查尔斯查尔斯皮埃尔皮埃尔波德莱尔（波德莱尔（Charles-Pierre Baudelaire,1821-1867年）年）法国作家、翻译家和评论家、法国历史上最伟大诗人之一，法国象征派诗歌先驱者，也被认为是当代派奠基人。最主要作品恶之花(The Flowers of Evil)是十九世纪欧洲出版最具影响诗集之一。第28页Answers to the Focus QuestionsvMatch the people with the pet(s)they kept.PeoplePet(s)v1.King Henry IIIa.lions and leopardsv2.Emperor Elagabalusb.a ravenv3.Egyptian royaltyc.a large white bear4.Emperor Augustusd.monkeys and leopardsv5.Louis IX of Francee.an orangutanv6.Baudelairef.a lobsterv7.Napoleons wife Josephineg.an elephant and a porcupinec2.a3.d4.b5.g6.f7.e第29页Lesson 12.Oh,come on,Dad!vTen-year-old David Mandel is talking to his parents about his friends dog Charlie.After some resistance on the part of Mr Mandel,Mrs Mandel helps her son get Mr Mandel to agree to look after the dog in the family.第30页Focus Questionsv1.What is the main issue discussed in the dialogue?2.Why does Ted need to find somebody to look after the dog?3.What are the four main reasons why Mr Mandel doesnt want to have the dog in the family?4.How does Mrs Mandel think of allowing the kids to take care of the dog?第31页Language points in the dialoguev学习本课，需要注意怎样劝说（说服）他人、怎样提出可能性或假设、怎样阐述观点和支持自己观点等语言功效，还要注意 have,make,let,help等与动词连用时使用方法。Ten-year-old David Mandel is trying to talk his parents into taking in a friends dog.=tying to persuade his parents to take care of a friends dog.十岁David Mandel正在劝说父母（代替）照看他朋友狗。第32页vTalk sb into doing sth,劝说某人做某事。Mrs MandelI have something to ask you.Mr MandelI hope its not about money.有趣两句对话，可能Mandel一家经常讨论钱问题，听到夫人这么郑重其事地说有事情问他，男主人似乎有些担心感觉。西方人经常给自己心爱宠物起类似孩子名字。Teds leaving for camp in two weeks.Ted 两周后要去野营。vLeave for somewhere,离开/出发去某地。如：She is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.vIn two weeks,两个星期以后。介词in 经常表示从现在起多长时间以后，如：in five days,五天后；in three months,三个月后；Ill be back in two years,两年后我会再回来。第33页vFind sb to do sb,找到某人做某事，take care of=look after,照料，照看。The dog has a miserable personality.这狗脾性特差。vMiserable，可怜，痛苦；卑鄙，不要脸。Personality，个性，人格，品格。Mrs MandelSo David was wondering DavidWhy cant Charlie stay here?这两句话实际是连在一起，David was wondering why Charlie cant stay here.David 想知道为何Charlie 不能呆在他们家。In any case,the landlord probably wouldnt let us keep him.不论怎样，房东不会让我们养狗。vIn any case,不论怎样，总之，意思是“不论发生什么情况”，用来强调其后所说事情都会发生第34页vLet sb do sth,让某人做某事。一些使役动词如let,make,have 后能够跟表示人物代词或名词，再接动词原形，表示让某人做某事。v如：Did you have James post the letter this morning?Whats more,with our luck,the dog would bite him and hed make us move out.还有，假如我们运气不佳，狗把房东咬了，他会赶我们搬走。vMake sb do sth,让某人做某事。I could help David walk him.我会帮助David 带狗散步。Help sb do sth,帮助某人做某事。v介词短语with our luck 做状语。两个情态动词 would 都表示对未来事情判断猜测。第35页.Answers to the Focus Questionsv1.What is the main issue discussed in the dialogue?Whether or not the family could take care of the dog Charlie for Ted.2.Why does Ted need to find somebody to look after the dog?He is leaving for camp in two weeks.v3.What are the four main reasons why Mr Mandel doesnt want to have the dog in the family/A.The dog has a miserable personality.B.The landlord will probably not let them keep the dog.C.The dog may bite the landlord,and then hed make them move out.D.It will be a lot of work to keep a dog第36页v4.How does Mrs Mandel think of allowing the kids to take care of the dog?It may be good for the kids,itll be fun.It would teach them responsibility.It would also help Ted out(She wants to help Tom).第37页Lesson 15On your ownv写作题目写作题目Write short articles or letters,giving your opinions on a certain issue or a situation,or persuade somebody to do something.Situations like:1A good friend of yours was planning to move to the city where you like.Suddenly,your friend has decided not to move after all.第38页v2You were planning to use the family car on Saturday to pick up two friends and take them fishing.Now your father says he has to wash and wax the car.3You and a friend were planning to take your vacations at the same time.You had planned to go to a beautiful Caribbean island together.Your friend just sent you a note saying“Im not sure I want to go away on vacation.I have so much work to do.第39页写作技巧写作技巧v关于针对某种情况提供提议或劝说读者需要采取什么样行动文章，普通来说，在写作时需要考虑以下几点。一、问题描述。一、问题描述。1.需要客观地、直截了当地把存在问题或情况描述清楚。第40页v2.描述情况时注意时态利用。普通来说，普通现在时、现在完成时、普通过去时都是较惯用时态。比如，上述第二个题目中，你想用the family car接朋友去钓鱼，而父亲说要洗车，并给车打蜡。在描述问题时候，要尽可能采取那些跟所谈论问题有直接关系方面，如：能够说明已经跟朋友约好了去钓鱼事实，还能够强调你和朋友已经都做了很多准备工作；朋友是个很主要人物；你和朋友有主要事情商议等等。第41页。二、问题分析。二、问题分析。v描述清楚存在问题和事情情况以后，就需要详细分析形成问题或造成情况原因。比如，上述第一个题目中，Your friend was planning to move to the city where you like.Suddenly,your friend has changed his idea,decided not to move after all.写作时候，能够考虑造成他改变计划原因，能够采取列举法。如：不想放弃熟悉环境；新工作不是很满意；他家人有些不一样意他搬来等等第42页三、提供提议三、提供提议v依据前面所描述详细情况以及形成这些情况可能原因，有针对性地提出详细提议。提议要有说服力，要有理有据，既不强词夺理、强人所难，又能说服读者采纳。提供提议或说服他人参考句式（按照正式非正式次序排列）：第43页vI would only suggest that we might/could do.Its high/about time we did.Whats more,we should also do.On the contrary,surely we should do.?Moreover/Furthermore,we should also do.Wouldnt it be better if we did.?Wouldnt it be possible for somebody to do.？Surely it would be a good idea if we did？Dont you think it would be a good idea if we did.？It seems to me that we could also do.It might also be possible for us to do.第44页小结小结主要语言功效主要语言功效vHow to persuade someone怎样说服他人How to give an opinion怎样发表意见How to support an opinion怎样支持或阐述意见Learn to write letters or short articles giving ones opinion on some issues or persuading sb to do sth学习书信写作，就某事阐述意见或力劝某人做某事第45页短语或词组：短语或词组：vto happen to恰巧，恰巧to attach to附着，从属；相连；相伴to fish for（在水里）寻找to belong to属于to save money省钱，存钱to pay for偿还，偿付to glide over tables从桌子上滑过来，翻过来to be permitted to do sth被准许做某事第46页vto open up开放to grow up成长，长大to fill with装满，填满to be made of由制成to make sb do sth让某人做某事to go to the trouble of doing sth不厌其烦地做某事to ones disappointment/surprise/sadness使某人失望/惊奇/悲伤是to take sb for a walk带某人散步to go against doing sth反对做某事第47页