1、植物研究 2024,44(1):51 61Bulletin of Botanical Research马蔺花器官表型特征及色素分析李楠1,2 田小霞2 毛培春2 郑明利2 孟林2 云岚1*(1.内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,呼和浩特010000;2.北京市农林科学院草业花卉与景观生态研究所,北京100097)摘 要 为分析马蔺(Iris lactea var.chinensis)种质花器官表型性状,明确马蔺花瓣的色素成分,以中国6个省市不同生境条件下22份马蔺种质资源为试验材料,对花冠这一重要观赏部位的表型特征及花色素进行系统研究。采用RHSCC比色和色差仪测色方法描述了马蔺种质花器官表型
2、性状,并通过亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝显色法和pH示差法等方法测定了马蔺花色素质量分数,分析不同色系马蔺花色素表达差异。结果表明:22份马蔺种质花瓣花色可分为浅蓝色、浅蓝紫色、深蓝紫色和紫罗兰色4大色系,垂瓣和旗瓣明度(L*)与a*呈负相关,与b*呈正相关,与彩度(c*)呈负相关。不同色系马蔺花器官表型特征不同,4大色系中紫罗兰色花瓣最大、花葶最高、垂瓣花斑最小,浅蓝色花瓣最小、花葶最低、垂瓣花斑最大,说明花瓣颜色越深,花瓣越大,垂瓣花斑则越小;不同色系马蔺花瓣中色素质量分数差异显著,浅蓝色花瓣中类胡萝卜素质量分数显著高于紫罗兰色,而紫罗兰色花瓣中的类黄酮质量分数和花色苷质量分数显著高于浅蓝色。随花瓣颜
3、色加深,类胡萝卜素质量分数降低,类黄酮和花色苷质量分数相应增加。相关性分析表明,类胡萝卜素质量分数与垂旗瓣L*均呈显著正相关(P0.05),与垂旗瓣a*、c*均呈显著负相关(P0.05)。类黄酮质量分数与垂旗瓣L*、b*均呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与垂旗瓣a*呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与垂旗瓣c*呈显著正相关(P0.05)。花色苷质量分数与测色参数相关性的结果与类黄酮相似,表明类黄酮和花色苷质量分数对马蔺花呈色具有重要作用。关键词 马蔺(Iris lactea var.chinensis);花器官;类胡萝卜素;类黄酮;花色苷中图分类号:Q949.71+8.28 文献标志码:A doi:
4、10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.01.008Phenotype and Pigment Analysis of Flower Organs of Iris lactea var.chinensisLI Nan1,2 TIAN Xiaoxia2 MAO Peichun2 ZHENG Mingli2 MENG LIN2 YUN Lan1*(1.College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot010000;2.Institute of G
5、rassland,Flowers and Ecology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing100097)Abstract To analyze the phenotypic traits of the floral organs of Iris lactea var.chinensis germplasm resources and to clarify the pigment composition of the petals,22 I.lactea germplasm resources under d
6、ifferent habitat conditions in six provinces and cities of China were used as experimental materials to systematically study the phenotypic characteristics and anthocyanin of this important ornamental part of flower organs.The phenotypic traits of the floral organs were described by RHSCC colorimetr
7、y and colorimeter colorimetry,and the mass fraction of floral pigment was determined by sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate colorimetry and pH differential analysis,and the differences in the expression of floral pigments in different color lines were analyzed.The results showed that the flower color of
8、 22 germplasm resources could be divided into four color families:light blue,light blue-violet,dark blue-violet and violet.The brightness(L*)of the fall and standard petals was negatively correlated with a*,positively correlated with b*,and negatively correlated with color(c*)respectively.Among the
9、four color families,violet petals were the largest,flower branch length was the highest,and fall spot was the smallest.While light blue petals were the smallest,flower branch length was the lowest,基金项目:北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230109,KJCX20200107);北京市自然科学基金项目(6142007)。第一作者简介:李楠(2000),女,硕士研究生,主要从事牧草遗
10、传育种研究。*通信作者:E-mail:。收稿日期:2023年6月5日。44 卷植物研究and fall spot was the largest.It indicated that the darker the petal color,the larger the petal,and the smaller the fall spot.The mass fraction of pigment in the petals of different colors of I.lactea differed significantly.The mass fraction of carotenoid i
11、n the light blue petals was significantly higher than that in the violet color,while the mass fraction of flavonoid and anthocyanin in the violet petals were significantly higher than that in the light blue color.As the petal color deepened,the mass fraction of carotenoid decreased and the mass frac
12、tion of flavonoid and anthocyanin increased correspondingly.The correlation analysis revealed that the mass fraction of carotenoid was significantly positively correlated with fall and standard petal L*(P0.05),and significantly negatively correlated with fall and standard petal a*and c*(P0.05).The m
13、ass fraction of flavonoid was highly significantly negatively correlated(P0.01)with fall and standard petal L*and b*,highly significantly positively correlated(P0.01)with fall and standard petal a*,significantly positively correlated(P0.05)with fall and standard petal c*.The correlation results betw
14、een the mass fraction of anthocyanin and colorimetric parameters were similar to those of flavonoids,indicating that the mass fraction of flavonoids and anthocyanins played an important role in the coloration of I.lactea.Key words Iris lactea var.chinensis;floral organ;carotenoids;flavonoids;anthocy
15、anins马蔺(Iris lactea var.chinensis)为鸢尾科(Iridaceae)鸢尾属(Iris)多年生宿根草本植物,广泛分布于我国西北、华北、东北等地区1-2,因其适应性强,花色艳丽,花期较长,株型美观等优良特性,已成为重要的城市园林绿化观赏植物。目前国内外对马蔺的研究主要集中在生态修复、土壤改良和药用价值等方面3-5,但关于马蔺花色的研究较少,仅对马蔺花青素合成途径的DFR基因生物信息学特征进行分析6,关于马蔺花色分类和色素组成却未见深入的研究。花色是观赏植物最重要的观赏性状之一,也是品种分类的重要依据7,因此研究马蔺花瓣呈色机理,对其优良种质资源挖掘、品种鉴定及新奇花色
16、品种培育具有重要意义。目前植物花色的研究主要集中在色素成分含量测定、花瓣呈色机理和花色分子育种等方面,如菊 花(Chrysanthemum morifolium)8、月 季(Rosachin chinensis)9、丽格海棠(Rieger begonias)10和黄牡丹(Paeonia delavayi var.lutea)11等植物都有相关研究报道。植物花色的形成受到色素种类和含量、花瓣表皮细胞结构、液泡pH、金属离子螯合作用等内部因素12-13及光照温度等外部环境因素14的影响,其中最重要的是色素种类和含量,如类黄酮、类胡萝卜素和花色苷等15-16。以往研究将马蔺花色区分为淡蓝色、蓝紫 色
17、或深蓝紫色17-18,但有关马蔺花色素组分及质量分数的研究鲜见报道。故本研究通过系统聚类 和相关性分析等方法,对中国6个省市不同生境条件下22份马蔺种质材料的花色、垂瓣花斑和花葶等表型性状进行测定描述,结合色素比较分析,揭示马蔺花色与色素质量分数间相关关系,明确影响花色形成的主要物质,以期为阐明马蔺花色呈色机理奠定基础,为马蔺新种质创制提供科学依据。1 材料与方法1.1材料将收集到的中国 6 个省市不同生境条件下 22 份马蔺种质资源种子(见表 1),于 2018 年室 内育苗后单株定植移栽到位于北京市昌平区 小汤山镇的国家精准农业研究示范园草种质资 源圃(409 16 N,11624 32
18、E),生长环境养护管理一致。1.2方法1.2.1花部性状的观测试验于2022年4月20日5月20日在国家精准农业研究示范园草种质资源圃进行,选择晴天上午对供试的22份马蔺种质材料(见表1)5年生的健康生长植株于初花期测定花葶高度,盛花期测定花的其他表型性状(见表2)。重复3次,取平均值。在室内自然光照下(无阳光直射),分别将旗瓣和垂瓣置于白色A4纸上,用英国皇家园艺比色卡(RHS Color Chart)与其正面对比,用比色卡上最接近花色的代码表示其颜色,确定所属色系范围和编号,初步确定旗瓣和垂瓣的花色;然后再用分光色差仪(NF555,日本)在C/2光源下按CIE Lab表色系统测定垂瓣和旗瓣
19、显色位置(见图1)的明度(L*)、红度(a*)和蓝度(b*),计算彩度(c*)和色相角(h)。重复 3 次,取平均值。计算公式:c*=(a*2+b*2)1/2;h=arctan(b*/a*)。52李楠等:马蔺花器官表型特征及色素分析1 期表1马蔺种质材料种源及原生境信息Table 1Provenance and original habitat information of I.lactea germplasm resources编号Code12345678910111213141516171819202122种质材料Germplasm resourcesML001ML004ML005ML00
20、6ML007ML008ML009ML010ML011ML012ML013ML014ML015ML016ML017ML018ML019ML020ML023ML029ML032ML035种源地Provenance北京海淀区四季青镇Four Seasons Green Town,Haidian District,Beijing吉林省永吉县北大湖镇Beidahu Town,Yongji County,Jilin Province内蒙古赤峰阿鲁科尔沁旗Aruqorqin Banne,Chifeng,Inner Mongolia山西省太原市Taiyuan,Shanxi Province内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾
21、旗Keshiketeng Banner,Chifeng,Inner Mongolia内蒙古鄂尔多斯西部Erdos West,Inner Mongolia甘肃省甘南藏族自治州合作市Hezuo City,Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Gansu Province内蒙古临河区白脑包镇中心村Zhongxin Village Baizuobao Town,Linhe District,Inner Mongolia内蒙古临河区八一镇丰收村Harvest Village,Bayi Town,Linhe District,Inner Mongolia内蒙古临河区隆胜
22、镇新明村Xinming Village,Longsheng Town,Linhe District,Inner Mongolia内蒙古临河区城关镇万来村Wanlai Village,Chengguan Town,Linhe District,Inner Mongolia内蒙古临河区双河镇丰河村Fenghe Village,Shuanghe Town,Linhe District,Inner Mongolia新疆伊犁州昭苏县Zhaosu County,Yili Prefecture,Xinjiang内蒙古临河曙光镇永强村Yongqiang Village,Shuguang Town,Linhe,
23、Inner Mongolia新疆伊犁州昭苏军马场Zhaosu Military Horse Farm,Yili Prefecture,Xinjiang内蒙古呼和浩特市大青山Daqing Mountain,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia新疆伊犁州伊犁河边By the Ili River,Ili Prefecture,Xinjiang新疆伊犁州巩留县七乡伊犁河南岸South bank of Ili River,Seven Townships,Gongliu County,Ili Prefecture,Xinjiang新疆伊犁州奶牛场Dairy Farm in Yili Prefectu
24、re,Xinjiang内蒙古科尔沁左翼中旗保康镇Baokang Town,Horqin Left Wing Central Banner,Inner Mongolia内蒙古通辽市科左后旗阿古拉Agura,Kezuo Houqi,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia新疆伊宁县胡地亚于孜乡阔旦塔木村Kordantam Village,Khudiyuz Township,Yining,Xinjiang生境Habitat果园田边,壤土Edge of orchard field,loamy soil羊草、马蔺和杂类草等组成的轻度盐碱化低地草甸Slightly salinized lowland
25、 meadow comprised of Leymus chinensis,Iris lactea and forbes羊草+绣线菊草甸草原,砂壤土Leymus chinensis+Spiraea salicifolia meadow grassland,sandy loam soil荒漠草原,公路旁,砂砾质Desert steppe,roadside,gravelly草甸草原,砂壤土Meadow grassland,sandy loam soil盐化低地草甸,盐渍化草甸土,砂砾质Saline lowland meadow,saline meadow soil,gravelly高寒草甸,亚高山
26、草甸土Alpine meadow,subalpine meadow soil农田撂荒地、公路旁,壤土Agrarian wild land,besides areas of calzada,loam公路边盐碱荒地,盐碱土Saline wasteland by the highway,saline soil黎科植物与马蔺等组成的盐化低地草甸Saline lowland meadows composed of Chenopodiaceae plants and I.lactea etc.多年生禾草与马蔺等组成的盐生Saline meadow composed of perennial grasses
27、 and I.lactea etc.盐化低地草甸,砂砾质Saline lowland meadows,gravelly盐碱化较强的盐化低地草甸,砂砾质Saline lowland meadows with strong salinization,gravelly盐化低地草甸,砂砾质Saline lowland meadows,gravelly盐化低地草甸Saline lowland meadow干旱荒漠草原,公路边,砂壤土Arid desert steppe,roadside,sandy loam soil盐化低地草甸Saline lowland meadow盐化低地草甸Saline lowl
28、and meadows重度盐化低地草甸,盐碱土Heavily salinized lowland meadows,saline soils轻度盐化低地草甸Mildly saline lowland meadows草甸草原,砂壤土Meadow grassland,sandy loam中度盐碱化低地草甸,盐化灰钙土Moderately saline lowland meadow,salinized gray calcium soil经纬度Latitude and longitude395632N1161644E433112N1262024E4210121183112373112N11219E431
29、554N1173245E3948N1094948E345910102544141050107183440485610729244053910734184047431072618404215107259438238173940461410725204355208119394052381113527435188124743364981503944748811711447481232112431826122386434515831030海拔Altitude/m573999267601 1001 4802 9361 0201 0381 0341 0371 0401 8461 0391 8001 160
30、5307036031442621 0715344 卷植物研究1.2.2色素质量分数的测定每份马蔺种质材料选择 10 个单株,每个单 株采集10朵花,随后立即放入冰盒。每份去除雄蕊后,选择前 2/3 部位混合称取 0.1 g,置于 2 mL离心管,经液氮速冻后,放入冰箱-80 保存备用。花瓣类胡萝卜素质量分数测定参考高俊凤19的方法。取花瓣0.1 g,置于10 mL 95乙醇(NR-分析纯)的溶液中,避光浸提48 h直到花瓣变白,取浸提液,用分光光度计分别测定波长为 665、649、470 nm的吸光值(A665,A649,A470),按如下公式计算:Ca13.95A665-6.88A649(1
31、)Cb24.96A649-7.32A665(2)C=(1000A470-2.05Ca-114.8Cb)/245(3)类胡萝卜素质量分数=(CV)/(m1 000)(4)式中:Ca、Cb、C分别为叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的质量浓度(mg L-1),V 为提取液体积(mL),m为样品鲜质量(g)。类黄酮质量分数采用亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝显色法20测定,取花瓣0.1 g,加入2 mL 60%乙醇溶液充分研磨,60 振荡提取2 h,于10 000 g常温离心10 min,取上清液;分别吸取540 L上清液和蒸馏水置于2个2 mL离心管,各加30 L 5%NaNO2溶液混匀;静置6 min后分别加30
32、L 10%AlNO3溶液,5 min后再加400 L 5%NaOH溶液,室温静置15 min后用分光光度计测定510 nm处的吸光值,按如下公式计算:A类黄酮=A测定-A空白(5)类 黄 酮 质 量 分 数=(A-0.0007)V样总/(5.02m)(6)表2马蔺花部表型性状及描述Table 2Phenotypic traits and description of I.lactea flower编号Code123456789性状Trait垂瓣长Fall length垂瓣宽Fall width旗瓣长Standard length旗瓣宽Standard width花径Flower diamete
33、r花高Flower height花葶高度Flower branch length垂瓣花斑大小Fall spot size花色Flower color表型性状描述Description of phenotypic traits垂瓣顶端到底端的距离Distance from the top to the bottom of the fall垂瓣最宽处的距离Distance from the widest part of the fall旗瓣顶端到底端的距离Distance from the top to the bottom of the standard旗瓣最宽处的距离Distance from
34、 the widest part of the standard个垂瓣最低点构成的平面上距离最远两点之间的距离The distance between the two farthest points in the plane formed by the lowest point of the 3 fall垂瓣最低点到旗瓣最高点之间的垂直距离Vertical distance between the lowest point of the fall and the highest point of the standard地面至花梗下端的垂直距离Vertical distance from th
35、e ground to the lower end of the pedicel垂瓣花斑长与垂瓣长的比值Ratio of fall spot length to fall lengthRHSCC比色卡结合色差仪测色RHSCC colorimetric card combined with colorimeter color measurement图1花瓣测色部位A.垂瓣;B.旗瓣。Fig.1Measuring parts for petal colorA.Fall;B.Standard.54李楠等:马蔺花器官表型特征及色素分析1 期式中:A类黄酮、A测定、A空白分别为类黄酮、测定组和空白组的吸
36、光值,V样总为加入提取液体积(mL),m为样品鲜质量(g)。花色苷质量分数采用pH示差法21测定。取花瓣 0.1 g,加入 1 mL含 1%HCl的甲醇溶液充分研磨,使用金属震荡仪震荡4 h后,于8 000 g常温离心10 min,取上清液;每个样品各取100 L上清液于2 mL离心管中,分别加入pH=1.0的KCl-HCl缓冲液和pH=4.5的醋酸钠-醋酸缓冲液900 L,充分摇匀,40 水浴20 min,用分光光度计分别测定波长为530 nm和700 nm处的吸光值(A530,A700),按如下公式计算:A花色苷=(A530,pH=1.0-A700,pH=1.0)-(A530,pH=4.5
37、-A700,pH=4.5)(7)花色苷质量分数=(AVMF103)/(dm)(8)式中:A花色苷为花色苷吸光值,V为提取液体积(mL),M为花色苷的相对分子质量(g mol-1),F为稀释倍数,为花色苷的摩尔消光系数(L mol-1 cm-1),d为比色皿光径(cm),m为样品鲜质量(g)。各指标测定时每份材料3次生物学重复,取平均值。1.3数据分析使用 Microsoft Excel、IBM SPSS Statistics、Origin 2021软件进行数据处理和作图。采用组间联接法对测得的垂旗瓣测色参数L*、a*和b*值进行系统聚类分析,采用皮尔逊系数对垂旗瓣颜色参数和色素质量分数进行相关
38、性分析,采用Duncan s新复极差法对各指标数据进行差异显著性分析。2 结果与分析2.1马蔺花色表型特征利用 CIE Lab 测色体系,测得 22份马蔺种质材料的旗瓣和垂瓣测色参数L*、a*和b*值并对其标准化处理,组间联接法的系统聚类分析结果表明,当欧式距离为5.5时,可将22份马蔺种质材料花色划分为4大色系(见图2),即浅蓝色、浅蓝紫色、深蓝紫色和紫罗兰色。其中深蓝紫色的种质材料有8份,占比达36.26%,浅蓝紫色有7份,占比31.82%,紫罗兰色有5份,占比22.73%;数量最少的是浅蓝色系,仅有2份。通过CIE L*、a*和b*颜色体系得到22份马蔺种质资源(4大色系)花色参数分布范
39、围(见图3)。马蔺种质垂瓣和旗瓣颜色的L*值和b*值随花色加深而逐渐下降,而 a*值随花色加深呈上升趋势。各色系的垂瓣和旗瓣L*值均在2070,a*值在050,b*值在-5-55波动。马蔺种质资源 4大色系中,浅蓝色系花色 L*最高,其次为浅蓝紫色系和深蓝紫色系,明度最低的是紫罗兰色系,说明马蔺花色越浅,L*值越高,4大色系间无重叠。a*值从高到低依次为紫罗兰色系、深蓝紫色系、浅蓝紫色系和浅蓝色系,说明马蔺花色越深红度越大,其中浅蓝色系和浅蓝紫色系分布集中,深蓝紫色系和紫罗兰色系分布范围大;而b*值最高的是浅蓝色系,从高到低依次为图2基于L*、a*和b*值的22份马蔺种质花瓣花色表型聚类分析F
40、ig.2Cluster analysis of petal color phenotypes of 22 I.lactea germplasm resources based on L*,a*and b*values5544 卷植物研究浅蓝色系、浅蓝紫色系、深蓝紫色系和紫罗兰色系,说明蓝度随马蔺花色加深而增加,其中紫罗兰色系分布最集中,4大色系均分布在负值范围内。由图4可知,马蔺旗瓣和垂瓣花色均集中分布在第象限,在第、象限没有分布,4大色系的分布规律大致呈条带状。其中,旗瓣浅蓝紫色系和深蓝紫色系存在部分重叠。a*和L*呈负相关,即随红度的增加,浅蓝色、浅蓝紫色、深蓝紫色和紫罗兰色的明度逐渐减小
41、。4大色系的b*和L*间呈正相关,即随b*值增加,L*值逐渐增加。4大色系的c*值与L*值间呈负相关。旗瓣和垂瓣的L*值均随c*值增大而减小。其中,旗瓣L*值随c*值增大而变小,且斜率较大,拟合线性方程为:L*=-0.80c*+78.60(R2=0.83);垂瓣的趋势类似于旗瓣,但c*和L*斜率更小,拟合线性方程:L*=-0.59c*+69.78(R2=0.76)。2.2马蔺花器官表型性状分析马蔺种质资源花器官表型性状的分析结果表明,4大色系的马蔺种质资源花器官表型性状存在显著差异(P0.05)(见表3)。马蔺种质资源花色越深,花瓣越大。紫罗兰色系和深蓝紫色的垂瓣长度和宽度均显著高于蓝紫色系和
42、浅蓝色系,紫罗兰色系的垂瓣长度和宽度的平均值分别为5.98、1.27 cm,较浅蓝色系显著增加了30.00%和44.32%(P0.05);紫罗兰色系和深蓝紫色的旗瓣长度显著高于蓝紫色系和浅蓝色系;浅蓝紫色系的旗瓣图3马蔺种质4大色系的花色L*、a*和b*值箱式图A.旗瓣L*值;B.垂瓣L*值;C.旗瓣a*值;D.垂瓣a*值;E.旗瓣b*值;F.垂瓣b*值。Fig.3The box plot of L*,a*and b*values of four color lines I.lactea germplasm resourcesA.Standard L*value;B.Fall L*value;
43、C.Standard a*value;D.Fall a*value;E.Standard b*value;F.Fall b*value.56李楠等:马蔺花器官表型特征及色素分析1 期宽度显著低于其他色系,其中紫罗兰色系的旗瓣长度和宽度最大,分别为 5.68和 0.97 cm,较浅蓝色系的增加了17.11%和21.25%;紫罗兰色系平均花径(5.09 cm)与浅蓝色系的花茎呈显著差异 (P0.05),为浅蓝色系的1.17倍。随花色的加深,花葶高度呈上升趋势,紫罗兰色系花葶高度达 29.10 cm,较浅蓝色系的增加了 8 cm,且与浅蓝色系的花葶高度呈显著差异(P0.05)。垂瓣花斑随颜色的增加而
44、减小,其中,紫罗兰色系的平均垂瓣花斑大小(0.26)显著低于其他色系,为浅蓝色系花瓣的81.25%。2.3马蔺花瓣色素质量分数分析马蔺种质资源盛花期花瓣的类胡萝卜素、类黄酮及花色苷质量分数的分析结果如图 5 所 示,类胡萝卜素质量分数整体处于较低水平,小于0.006 5 mg g-1,且从高到低依次为浅蓝色、浅蓝紫色、深蓝紫色、紫罗兰色,其中浅蓝色系类胡萝卜素质量分数较高,达0.004 9 mg g-1,其他3大色系图4马蔺种质资源花色表型分布A.旗瓣a*与旗瓣b*分布;B.垂瓣a*与垂瓣b*分布;C.旗瓣a*与旗瓣L*分布;D.垂瓣a*与垂瓣L*分布;E.旗瓣b*与旗瓣L*分布;F.垂瓣b*
45、与垂瓣L*分布;G.旗瓣c*与旗瓣L*分布;H.垂瓣c*与垂瓣L*分布。Fig.4Flower color phenotype distribution of I.lactea germplasm resourcesA.The distribution of standard a*and standard b*;B.The distribution of fall a*and fall b*;C.The distribution of standard a*and standard L*;D.The distribution of fall a*and fall L*;E.The distri
46、bution of standard b*and standard L*;F.The distribution of fall b*and fall L*;G.The distribution of standard c*and standard L*;H.The distribution of fall c*and fall L*.5744 卷植物研究的类胡萝卜素质量分数均低于0.001 5 mg g-1。特别是紫罗兰色系中没有检测到类胡萝卜素(见图5A)。类黄酮质量分数为0.513 31.343 8 mg g-1,其中紫罗兰色系类黄酮质量分数最高且与浅蓝 紫色系和浅蓝色系类黄酮质量分数呈显
47、著差异 (P0.05)。浅蓝色系类黄酮质量分数仅为0.660 5 mg g-1,较紫罗兰色系类黄酮质量分数降低了44.59%(见图5B)。花色苷作为一类重要的类黄酮物质,对花色呈现非常重要。马蔺花瓣花色苷质量分数变化趋势与类黄酮质量分数变化趋势相似(见图5C),花色苷质量分数从大到小依次为紫罗兰色、深蓝紫色、浅蓝紫色、浅蓝色,其中紫罗兰色系花色苷质量分数(0.433 3 mg g-1)显著高于其他色系(P0.05),其次是深蓝紫色系和浅蓝紫色系,质量分数为 0.223 50.326 7 mg g-1,而浅蓝色系花色苷质量分数仅为0.173 7 mg g-1。2.4马蔺垂旗瓣颜色参数与色素质量分
48、数的相关性由表4可知,马蔺种质资源垂旗瓣颜色参数与花瓣中的色素质量分数关系密切,随着类胡萝卜素质量分数降低,类黄酮质量分数特别是其中的花色苷质量分数逐渐升高,垂旗瓣的明度L*降低、红度a*升高、蓝度b*降低、彩度c*升高和色相角h升高。垂旗瓣L*与类胡萝卜素质量分数呈显著正相关(P0.05)、与类黄酮和花色苷质量分数均呈极显著负相关(P0.01);垂旗瓣a*与类胡萝卜素质量分数呈显著负相关、与类黄酮和花色苷质量分数均呈极显著正相关(P0.01);垂旗瓣b*与类胡萝卜素质量分数呈正相关、与类黄酮和花色苷质量分数呈负相关;垂旗瓣c*与类胡萝卜素质量分数呈显著负相关(P0.05)、与类黄酮质量分数呈
49、显著正相关(P0.05)、与花色苷质量分数呈极显著正相关(P0.01);垂旗瓣h与类胡萝卜素呈负相关、与类黄酮和花色苷质量分数呈正相关。表3马蔺种质各色系花器官表型性状Table 3Phenotypic traits of floral organ of different color lines of I.lactea germplasm resources色系Color group浅蓝色Light blue浅蓝紫色Light blue-violet深蓝紫色Dark blue-violet紫罗兰色Violet垂瓣长Fall length/cm4.600.11c5.160.08b5.760.1
50、4a5.980.21a垂瓣宽Fall width/cm0.880.06b0.950.03b1.260.05a1.270.09a旗瓣长Standard length/cm4.850.13c5.130.09bc5.450.13ab5.680.17a旗瓣宽Standard width/cm0.800.03ab0.720.03b0.890.05ab0.970.09a花径Flower diameter/cm4.350.54c6.350.17a5.680.16b5.090.15b垂瓣花斑大小Fall spot size0.320.02a0.330.02a0.290.01ab0.260.02b花高Flowe