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June Aug12th,2012
此文档比较适合初二学生学习,所举的例子还比较不错,第三页的表格总结的也还不错
反意疑问句专题(中考必考1’)
一、基本用法与结构
反意疑问句由“陈述句+简略疑问句”两部分组成,第一部分提出一种看法,第二部分用来质疑或表示证实。
陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致,而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反,即陈述部分为肯定式时,疑问部分用否定式,陈述部分为否定式时,疑问部分用肯定式:
He likes English, doesn’t he? 他喜欢英语,是吗?
He doesn’t like English, does he? 他不喜欢英语,是吗?
【注】
1. 若陈述部分含有hardly, never, few, nothing ,little,nobody,seldom等否定词或半否定词,其疑问部分要用肯定式:
He has few friends here, has he? 他在这儿几乎没什么朋友,是吗?
She said nothing, did she? 她什么也没说,是不是?
2. 若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词,疑问部分仍用否定式:
It is unfair, isn’t it? 这不公平,不是吗?
It is impossible, isn’t it? 那是不可能的,是吗?
3. 当陈述部分为为there be句型时,疑问部分仍用there作“主语”:
There was nothing in the room, was there? 房间里什么也没有,是吗?
4. 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词(this ,that ,these ,those)时,疑问部分用it, they等代词:
That is a new car, isn’t it? 这是一辆新汽车,是吗?
5.当陈述部分的主语是复合不定代词时,若陈述部分的主语为somebody,
someone, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody等复合不定代词,其反意疑问句的主语在正式文体中用he,在口语或非正式文体中通常用they:
Nobody was late, were they? 没有一个人迟到,是吗?
6.当陈述部分的主语是 something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时,其反意疑问句的主语要用it:
Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了吗?
Nothing is important, is it? 没有什么重要的,不是吗?
二、含情态动词的反意疑问句
1. 基本原则:在通常情况下,当陈述部分含有情态动词时,疑问部分会重复前面同样的情态动词:
He can speak English, can’t he?他会说英语,是吗?
We shouldn’t go, should we? 我们不应该去,对不对?
2. 当陈述部分含有must时,要分两种情况:
① 若must表示“必须”或“有必要”,疑问部分用 mustn’t 或needn’t:
You must leave at once, mustn’t [needn’t] you? 你必须(有必要)马上离开,是吗?
但是若陈述部分有mustn’t表示禁止,疑问部分要must:
You mustn’t laugh, must you? 你不准笑,知道吗?
② 若must表示推测,疑问部分不能用must,而应根据must后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式:
He must be tired, isn’t he? 他一定累了,是吗?
三、陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句
1. 基本原则:若陈述部分为祈使句,疑问部分通常用will you:
Please help us, will you? 请帮帮我们,好吗?
Come with us, will you? 同我们一起去,好吗?
Don’t forget to post the letter, will you? 请别忘了寄信。
2. 当祈使句为Let’s…时,疑问部分总是用 shall we:
Let’s go there together, shall we? 我们一起去,好吗?
3. 当祈使句为Let us…时,若表示请求,疑问部分用will you,若表示建议,疑问部分用 shall we:
Let us know your address, will you? 请把你的地址告诉我们,好吗?
Let us go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳好吗?
四、陈述部分为主从复合句的反意疑问句
1. 当陈述部分为主从复合句时,疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致:
She said that he didn’t like it, didn’t she? 她说他不喜欢它,是不是?
He knows where I live, doesn’t he? 他知道我住什么地方,是不是?
当陈述部分为I think (believe, suppose) that...等时,疑问部分通常与从句保持一致(注意否定的转移):
I think that it is too short, isn’t it? 我认为它太短了,对不对(它太短吗)?
I don’t think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来,对吗(他会来吗)?
【注】这类用法主要限于主语为第一人称且think等动词为一般现在时的情形。
五、几种特殊情况的反意疑问句
1. 当陈述部分是I’m…时,疑问部分通常用aren’t I:
I’m wrong, aren’t I? 我错了,是吗?
I’m older than you, aren’t I? 我年纪比你大,对不对?
2. 当陈述部分是I wish…时,疑问部分通常用may I
I wish to go with them, may I? 我想同他们一起去,可以吗?
3. 当陈述部分有had better时,疑问部分用had:
He’d better leave here, hadn’t he? 他最好离开这儿,是吗?
Would better , 疑问部分 would
请看如下表格,对号入座
1、遵循“前否后肯”或“前肯后否”的原则:
Jim isn’t in Class Four, is he?
2、前后两句主语相同 :
Mr Zhang has been here for four years, hasn’t he?
3、主语不一致的若干情况如下(需牢记):
前句主语
后句主语
例 句
This/that
It
This is your brother,isn’t it?
Something\anything
everything\nothing
Nothing is serious,is it?
V.ing/to v.
Swimming is great fun,isn’t it?
These/those
they
Those are books,aren’t they?
Everybody/everyone
Someboby/someone
Anybody/anyone
He/they
Everyone knows this,don’t they?
(Everyone knows this ,doesn’t he?)
Both…and…
They/you/we
Both Tom and Jack came, didn’t they?
Nobody
He
Nobody likes to lose money, does he?
had better
should或had
We had better go right now, shouldn’t we / hadn’t we?
would rather + 动词原形” would like to + 动词原形”
wouldn’t
You’d like to have some bananas, wouldn’t you?
I am
Aren’t I
I am your friend, aren’t I?
Let me …
will you 或may I
Let me help you, may I?
Let’s …
shall we
Let’s go for a walk, shall we?
let us …
will you
Let us do it by ourselves, will you?
Let接第三人称
will you
Let him come in, will you?
感叹句
Isn’t it/aren’t …?
What fine weather, isn’t it?
否定的祈使句
Will you
can you
Don’t make a noise, will / can you?
表示邀请,
请求的祈使句
will you
won’t you/
would you
Come here, will you?
Turn off the light, will you?
表示告诉别人做某事的祈使句
will you、can you、would you
can’t you、won’t you :
Stop talking, can you?
Write down the new words, will you / won’t you?
谓语不一致的若干情况如下(需牢记):
前谓语
后谓语
例句
have (有)
have或do
Mary has two brothers, doesn’t she / hasn’t she?
have (有)
与陈述
部分一致
He hasn’t a lot of time, has he?
have不做“有”
用do
They all have a good time, don’t they?
have to
用do或have
We have to get up early, don’t we / haven’t we?
have got to
用have
We have got to answer all the questions, haven’t we
had better
用should或had
We had better go right now, shouldn’t we / hadn’t we
may
may 主语 + not
They may be here next week, may they not?
must(必须)
用needn’t
You must do it today, needn’t you?
must(应该)
用mustn’t
I must study hard, mustn’t I?
mustn’t
用must或may
You mustn’t talk like that, must you?
实义动need和dear
用do
He needs help, doesn’t he?
情态动need和dear
用need和dear
He dare not say so, dare he?
needn’t
用need或must
He needn’t do that, must he?
“ would rather + 动词原形” “would like to + 动词原形”
用wouldn’t
You’d like to have some bananas, wouldn’t you?
“ought to + 动词原形”
用oughtn’t 或shouldn’t
We ought to go there, shouldn’t we?
“used to +
动词原形”
didn’t + 主语”
usedn’t 主语”
He used to live in London, usedn’t he / didn’t he?
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