中医英语课件整理.doc

中医英语整理资料
Chapter 1 Yin-yang and five phase theory
1．1Basic terms and phrases in yin-yang and five phase theory

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l 阴阳学说Yin-yang theory
l 精气学说Essential qi theory
l 五行学说Five phase( element) theory
l 相生 engendering( wood engenders fire; Fire engenders earth…)
l 相克( restraining( Earth restrains water, Water restrains fire…)
l 相乘 overwhelming( 或 over-acting)
l 相侮 rebellion( 或insulting)
l 母子相及 mother and child affecting each other
l 母气mother qi
l 子气 child qi
l 虚 deficiency
l 实 excess
l 表 exterior
l 里 interior
l 热 heat
l 寒 cold
l 阴盛yin exuberance

阴盛阳衰Yin exuberance with yang debilitation
阳盛阴衰Yang exuberance with yin debilitation
阴阳是事物的两类属性
Yin and yang are the fundamental categories of all phenomena.
背属阳， 腹属阴；The back is yang and the abdomen is yin.
六腑属阳，五脏属阴The six bowels are yang and the five viscera are yin.
气属阳， 血属阴
表、 实、热 证属阳，里、虚 、寒 属阴Exterior, excess and heat disease patterns are yang , while interior, deficiency and cold disease patterns are yin.
阴阳互根 mutual rooting of yin and yang
阳根于阴， 阴根于阳Yang has its root in yin; yin has its root in yang.
阴损及阳Detriment to yin affects yang
阳损及阴Detriment to yang affects yin.
肝阳上亢Ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang
阳胜则阴病， 阴胜则阳病；If yang abounds, yin ails and if yin abounds, yang ails.
阳胜则热， 阴胜则寒
When yang prevails, there is heat and when yin prevails there is cold.
寒胜则痛 when cold prevails, there is pain.
升清降浊 upbearing the clear and downbearing the turbid
邪之所凑， 其气必虚
For pathogens to encroach, qi must be deficient ( translated by Nigel Wiseman)
大肠主津，小肠主液
The large intestine governs fluid while the small intestine governs humor.
夺血者无汗， 夺汗者无血。
Despoliation of blood diminishes sweat, and despoliation of sweat diminishes blood.
衄家不可发汗， 亡血家不可发汗。
Patients suffering from nosebleeds may not be made to sweat and patients suffering from blood collapse may not be made to sweat.

1．2治疗学（ Therapeutics）

l 散 dissipate
l 理 regulate
l 清 clear
l 泻 purge
l 敛 constrain
l 润 moisten
l 补 tonify
l 滋 enrich
l 养 nourish
l 健 fortify
l 固 secure
l 解 release
l 涩 astringe
l 祛 dispel
l 温 warm
l 益 replenish
l 除 eliminate
l 滋 enrich
l 化 resolve
l 化痰 resolve phlegm
l （转）化 transform
l 肝阳化火 liver yang transforming into fire
l 肝阳化风 liver yang transforming into wind
l 疏 soothing( 动词原形：soothe)
l 疏肝理气 soothe the liver and regulate qi
l 疏肝养血 soothe the liver and nourish the blood
l 疏肝健脾 soothe the liver and fortify the spleen
l 疏肝和胃 soothe the liver and harmonize the stomach
l 温补命门 warm and tonify the life gate
l 解表 release the exterior
l 清法 clearing method
l 清肝火clear liver fire
l 清热和胃clear heat and harmonize the stomach
l 泻火 purge fire
l 泻肝 purge the liver
l 泻心 purge the heart

l 润肠Moisten the intestines

l 温胃warm the stomach
l 温中warm the middle
l 温中散寒warm the middle to dissipate cold
l 温中和胃warm the middle to harmonize the stomach
l 温阳行水warm yang to move water
l 温经止痛warm the meridian to relieve pain
l 散淤dissipate the stasis
l 散寒dissipate cold
l 潜阳subdue yang
l 平肝潜阳pacify the liver to subdue yang
l 宣肺止咳 diffuse the lung to suppress cough
l 宣肺平喘 diffuse the lung to calm panting
l 宣肺化痰 diffuse the lung to resolve phlegm
l 补气生血 tonify qi and engender blood
l 补养心血tonify and nourish heart blood
l 滋阴补阳 enrich yin and tonify yang
l 虚者补之Treat deficiency with( or by）tonification 或
Deficiency is treated with (or by) tonification
l 寒者热之Treat cold with heat
l 热者寒之Treat heat with cold
l 扶正祛邪 reinforce the healthy qi and eliminate the pathogenic factors.
l 八法 eight methods
l 扶正reinforce the healthy qi
l 祛邪eliminate the pathogenic factors.

祛风剂 wind-dispelling formula
清暑剂 summerheat-clearing formula
安神剂 tranquilizing formula
补益剂 tonifying and replenishing formula
理血剂 blood-regulating formula

1．3 Syndrome differentiation
l 辨证pattern identification/syndrome differentiation
l 阴阳辨证yin-Yang pattern identification/syndrome differentiation
l 阴阳失调证pattern/syndrome of yin-yang disharmony
l 阴证 yin pattern/syndrome
l 阴虚证yin deficiency pattern/syndrome
l 阴阳两虚pattern/syndrome of dual deficiency of yin and yang
l 阴虚火旺证pattern/syndrome of yin deficiency with effulgent fire
l 阴虚水停证pattern/syndrome of yin deficiency with water retention
l 阴虚湿热证pattern/syndrome of yin deficiency with dampness-heat
l low fever, night sweating( night sweats), flushed cheeks in the afternoon, vexing heat in the chest, palms and soles, a bitter and greasy taste in the mouth, reddened tongue with yellow slimy fur and rapid fine pulse
l 表证exterior pattern
l sudden onset, aversion to cold or to wind, fever, headache, generalized pain, thin tongue fur and floating pulse
l 半表半里证half-exterior half-interior pattern/syndrome
l bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat, nausea and loss of appetite, string-like pulse
l 表虚证exterior deficiency pattern/syndrome
l reluctance to speak, lassitude, palpitation, dizziness, tinnitus, decreased food intake, weak pulse
l 表寒证 exterior cold pattern
l 表热证 exterior heat pattern
l 里热证 interior heat pattern
l 表热里寒 pattern of exterior heat and interior cold

Chapter 2 Qi, blood, essence and fluid and humor
2．1 Basic terms

l 津液fluid and humor
l 伤津 damage to fluid
l 先天之气 innate qi (prenatal qi)
l 先天之精innate essence
l 后天之气acquired qi
l 后天之精 acquired essence
l 正气 healthy qi
l 邪气 pathogenic qi
l 元气 primordial qi ( source qi)
l 卫气 defensive qi
l 营气nutrient( nutritive) qi
l 脏气 visceral qi
l 腑气 bowel qi
l 血虚blood deficiency
l 肝藏血the liver stores the blood.
l 脾统血the spleen manages the blood.
l 血主濡之blood governs nutrition.
l 血热blood heat
l 血为气之母blood is the mother of qi
l 血瘀blood stasis
l 瘀血static blood
l Essence is the basis of the body
l acquired essence
l essence of water and food
l reproductive essence( innate essence)
l 气为血之帅Qi is the commander of the blood.
l 气能生血Qi engenders blood.
l 气能行血Qi moves blood.
l 气能摄血Qi contains blood.
l 气不摄血 Qi deficiency failing to control blood
l 气脱 qi collapse
l 气闭 qi block
l 气滞 qi stagnation
l 气逆 qi counterflow
l 气陷 qi sinking
l 气机不利 inhibited qi movement （或 inhibited qi dynamics）
l 三焦 triple energizers
l 上焦 upper energizer
l 中焦 middle energizer
l 下焦 lower energizer
l 筋骨 sinews and bones

l 血气不和，百病乃而生
l If blood and qi fall into disharmony, a hundred diseases may arise.
l 气主煦之， 血主濡之 Qi invigorates and blood nourishes.
l Human life depends on this qi.
l When qi gathers, the physical body is formed; when it disperses, the body dies
l 中焦受气，取汁， 变化为赤， 是谓血
l The miraculous pivot states: “ the middle energizer takes in qi, extracts its essence, and turns it into the red substance that is blood.”
l 肝受血而能视；足受血能步；掌受血能握；指受血而能摄。
l The liver receives blood, so there is sight; the legs receive blood and thus are able to walk; the hands receive blood and so are able to grip; the fingers receive blood and then are able to grasp.
l 中焦之所受气者， 泌其糟粕， 蒸津液， 化其精微，上行于肺脉， 乃化而为血， 以奉生身，莫贵于此， 故独得行于经隧，命曰营气。
l From the qi that the middle energizer takes in, it produces waste and distills fluids from which it extracts the essence. This then flows into the lung meridian where it is transformed into blood which furnishes the needs of the body. Its preciousness is unexcelled by anything. It flows through the blood vessels and is known as nutrient qi.
2．2 Symptoms

l 血虚证:证见面白无华或萎黄、唇色淡白、爪甲苍白、头晕眼花、心悸失眠、手足发麻、舌淡苔白、脉细无力
l blood deficiency pattern/syndrome
Commonly-seen symptoms in blood deficiency syndrome are: pale(lusterless) or sallow complexion, pale lips and nails, dizziness, dimmed vision, insomnia, palpitations, numbness of extremities, pale tongue and white tongue fur and fine (forceless) pulse.

l 面色淡白或晦滞，身倦乏力，气少懒言，疼痛如刺，常见于胸胁，痛处不移，拒按，舌淡暗或有紫斑，脉沉涩。
Pale white or dull, dark complexion, lassitude and lack of strength, shortage of qi with no desire to talk, unpalpable stabbing pain frequently seen in rib-side(s) of fixed location, pale tongue or with purple speckles, sunken and rough pulse.
l Blood collapses pattern
a critical pattern occurring in cases of acute massive bleeding, marked by pallor, dizziness, palpitations, faint and short breathing, cold extremities and even mental confusion, pale tongue, hardly perceptible pulse.

l Blood stasis pattern
A pattern marked by formation of visible painful and tender mass, or abdominal mass with stabbing pain and tenderness, or bleeding of blood with clots, irregular pulse.

l Blood heat pattern
A pattern that occurs when exuberant pathogenic heat enters the blood aspect and is manifested by fever, nose-bleeds, vomiting of blood, expectoration of blood , bloody stool, skin eruptions, or advanced periods with profuse bright-red menstrual discharge, vexation, or even delirium and convulsions, deep crimson tongue and rapid string-like pulse.

l 咳嗽 cough
l 干咳 dry cough
l 干呕 dry retching
l 呕吐 vomiting
l 吐酸 acid vomiting
l 呃逆 hiccup
l 嗳气 belching
l 恶心 nausea
l 久病 enduring disease（illness）
l 体质虚弱 weak constitution
l 营养不良 malnutrition
l 劳倦overexertion and fatigue
l 食欲不振 poor appetite
l 消化不良 indigestion
l 胸闷 oppression in the chest
l 脱肛 prolapse of the rectum
l 大量失血 heavy blood loss
l 血液生成 blood formation
l 面色 complexion
l 面色萎黄 sallow facial complexion
l 面黄 yellow complexion
l 面色苍白 pale complexion
l 面色淡白 pale white complexion (注意)
l 面色晦暗 dull，dark complexion
l 头晕 dizziness
l 心悸 palpitation
l 惊悸 fright palpitations
l 心慌 flusteredness
l 健忘 forgetfulness (amnesia)
l 无泽 lusterless
l 失眠 insomnia
l 心烦vexation
l 烦热 heat vexation
l 手足烦热 vexing heat in the extremities
l 手足心热 heat in the palms and soles
l 五心烦热 vexing heat in the chest, palms and soles
l 身重 heavy body
l 身痒 generalized itching
l 身痛 generalized pain
l 麻木（不仁）numbness

l 钝痛dull pain
l 耳痛ear pain
l 目痛 eye pain
l 胸痛chest pain
l 胃痛stomach pain
l 腹痛abdominal pain
l 足跟痛heel pain
l 胀痛distending pain
l 刺痛stabbing pain
l 冷痛cold pain
l 灼痛scorching pain
l 固定痛 fixed pain
l 剧痛 severe pain
l 痛无定处 pain of unfixed location
l 耳鸣 tinnitus
l 口渴 thirst
l 口干 dry mouth
l 口淡 bland taste in the mouth
l 口苦bitter taste in the mouth
l 口甜sweet taste in the mouth
l 口酸sour taste in the mouth
l 口涩astringent taste in the mouth
l 口咸 salty taste in the mouth
l 口麻 numbness in the mouth
l 口粘腻 sticky slimy sensation in the mouth

l 宿食 retained food
l 嗜偏食 dietary predilection
l 五味偏嗜 flavor predilection
l 饮食不节 dietary irregularities
l 嗳气 belching
l 便溏 sloppy stool（or loose stools）
l 水泻 watery diarrhea
l 里急后重 tenesmus
l 儒泄 soggy diarrhea
l 便脓血 stool containing pus and blood
l 大便干硬hard bound stool
l 小便不利 inhibited urination
l 小便频数 frequent urination
l 小便涩痛 difficult painful urination
l 小便浑浊 turbid urine
l 小便短少 short voidings of scant urine
l 小便短赤 short voidings of reddish urine
l 小便清长 long voidings of clear urine
l 沉脉 sunken pulse
l 数脉 rapid pulse
l 细脉 fine pulse( thready pulse)
l 洪脉 surging pulse( flooding pulse)
l 弦脉string-like pulse
l 濡脉 soggy pulse
l 微脉 faint pulse
l 浮脉floating pulse
l 缓脉moderate pulse
l 淡白舌pale tongue
l Red tongue红舌
l Purple tongue紫舌
l pale red tongue淡红舌
l blue tongue青舌
l bluish purple tongue青紫舌
l crimson tongue绛舌
l 舌苔 tongue fur
l 白苔 white fur
l 黄苔 yellow fur
l 燥苔dry fur
l 厚苔thick fur
l 粘腻苔 sticky slimy fur
l 谵语 delirious speech
l 错语 disordered speech
l 恶寒 aversion to cold
l 畏寒 fear of cold
l 自汗 spontaneous sweating
l 盗汗 night sweating ( night sweats)
l 冷汗cold sweating
l 神疲 lassitude of spirit
l 乏力 lack of strength
l 游走性疼痛 wandering pain

Chapter 3 Disease and Its causes
3．1 Basic terms

l 三因three causes
l 内因internal cause
l 外因external cause
l 不内外因causes neither internal nor external
l 外感疾病externally contracted diseases
l 正邪相争 struggle between the healthy qi and pathogenic qi
l 六气six（environmental）qi
l 六淫six excesses
l 疠气 pestilential qi
l 传化 transmission and transformation
l 易受病邪的伤害be susceptible to pathogens

l 五志 five minds （ five emotions）
l 五志化火 transformation of the five minds into fire
l 七情 seven emotions
l 喜 joy
l 怒 anger
l 忧 anxiety
l 思 thought
l 悲 sorrow
l 惊 fear
l 恐fright
l 水湿 water-dampness
l 痰湿 phlegm-dampness
l 寒 （pathogenic） cold
l 暑邪（pathogenic）summerheat
l 湿（pathogenic）dampness
l 燥（pathogenic）dryness
l 火（pathogenic） fire
l 热（pathogenic）heat
l 外湿 external dampness
l 外寒 external cold
l 外燥 external dryness
l 外风 external wind
l 内湿 internal dampness
l 内寒internal cold
l 内燥 internal dryness
l 内风internal wind
l 毒 toxin
l 热毒 heat toxin
l 卒发 sudden onset
l 徐发 gradual onset
l 阴虚内热 yin deficiency with internal heat
l 阴虚阳亢 yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity
l 阴虚火旺yin deficiency with effulgent fire
l 肝气不和 disharmony of liver qi
l 肝气犯脾 liver qi invading the spleen
l 肝火犯肺 liver qi invading the lung
l 肝火上炎 liver fire flaming upward