必修4U2-4背诵学案.docx

必修4Unit2
1. struggle vi.&n. 斗争；拼搏，努力
用法：struggle for 为......而奋斗
struggle against 与... ...斗争
struggle to do sth (=make great efforts to do sth)努力做某事
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
2. hunger n.饥饿；欲望 vt.（使）饥饿
have a hunger for=be hungry for=hunger for渴望得到
【拓展延伸】“渴望得到某物/渴望做某事”的多种表达法归纳：
hunger for sth. long for sth. hope for sth. wish for sth. be eager for sth. desire sth. hunger to do sth. long to do sth hope to do sth. wish to do sth. be eager to do sth. desire to do sth.
3. disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的
disturb sb with sth因某事打扰某人
disturbed adj 心烦意乱的；不安的；心理失常的
be/feel disturbed to do… 因为做某事而感到不安、困扰
be/feel disturbed about… 对……感到不安
4. rid vt. 摆脱；除去
rid sb. of sth. 使...摆脱或除去
get rid of 摆脱（疾病、坏习惯等）；除掉（观点、传统等）
5. be satisfied with 对……感到满意或满足
satisfy vt.使满意
satisfactory/satisfying adj.令人满意的；够好的；可以的
satisfaction n.满足；满意
satisfied adj.满意的
be satisfied to do 乐意干…… 
be satisfied with  对....满意的 
to one's satisfaction 使某人满意的是……
with satisfaction 满意地
6. would rather 宁愿；宁可
would rather sb. did sth 宁愿某人做某事（与现在事实相反）
would rather sb. had done sth.宁愿某人过去做了某事(与过去相反)
would rather have done sth. 要是做过某事就好了；宁愿做过某事(实际上没)
7. equip vt. (equipped，equipped) 配备；装备
equipment Un．设备
equip...with...用……装备……
be equipped with装备着……
equip sb. to do sth. 使有能力做某事；使有所准备做某事
sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有准备做某事 
8. confuse vt. 使迷惑；使为难
confuse A with B 把A混为B
be confused about对……感到不解
confused adj 感到困惑的，烦恼的
confusing adj 令人困惑的
confusion n. 骚乱；混乱；混淆
9. regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n.遗憾；懊悔
regret to say/tell/announce/inform 遗憾地说/告诉/宣布/通知
regret doing/having done sth.后悔做了某事
much to one's regret 让某人深感遗憾的是
with regret 遗憾地
regrettable adj.令人遗憾的
regretful adj.遗憾的
10. build up 逐渐增强；加强；增多；积累；建立；开发
〖联想发散〗
常考的“动词＋up”结构有：
put up 举起；搭建；张贴；留宿
hold up 阻挡；举起；延误
give up 放弃
set up 建立
pick up 捡起；学会；搭载；好转；接收
bring up 抚养；教育；呕吐
take up 占用；开始学习(从事)；
11. focus n．焦点；中心　vt.集中；聚焦
focus on/upon集中(注意力、精力等)于
focus one’s attention/eyes/energy on...把注意力/目光/精力集中在…
the focus of attention/concern注意力/关注的焦点
12. reduce vt.减少；减缩
把某物减少到……_____________
把某物减少了……_____________
沦落为……_____________
13. keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
protect sb./sth.from 使……免受(影响、伤害等)
keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
prevent/stop sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事

必修4Unit 3
1. up to now直到现在；到目前为止（通常与现在完成时连用）
【联想拓展】同义短语so far，by/till(until) now
up to 多达；直到；取决于……，由……决定；能胜任；做……，忙于……
2. content adj. 满足的，满意的 vt. 使满足 n.（书）目录；内容，容量
be/feel content with sth = be/feel satisfied/pleased with 对……满意/ 满足
be content to do sth = be willing to do sth = be pleased to do sth 乐意做某事
3.astonish vt 使惊讶(= surprise sb. greatly)
be astonished at/ by sth.对某事感到惊讶
be astonished to see / learn...看到 / 得知……感觉很惊讶
be astonished + that从句 对……感到惊讶
to one’s astonishment 令……惊异的是
【联想拓展】（1）近义词：amaze，surprise，shock
4.fortunate adj, 意为“幸运的；运气好的”，相当于lucky，其反义词为unfortunate。
be fortunate (enough) to do 或be fortunate in doing …很幸运
It is fortunate that ... ……真是幸运
fortune n. “机会; 命运; 运气
5.badly off 穷的；处境差；缺少的（for sth）
比较级：worse off境况更差，更穷困
反义词：well off富裕，处境好（比较级：better off境况更佳）
go from bad to worse 越来越差，每况愈下
worse and worse越来越差，每况愈下
6.entertain vt. & vi. 使欢乐, 招待, 款待
entertaining adj. 使人愉快的，有趣的
an entertaining story/guest一个有趣的故事/客人
entertainment n.款待，请客；娱乐，消遣
7.throughout prep.遍及, 贯穿adv. 到处, 始终, 全部
1)作介词时，throughout + 地点 = all over + 地点
throughout + 时间 = all through + 时间
常见的搭配有：
throughout the day 整天　  throughout one’s life 终生　
throughout the country 遍及全国　
2)throughout 作副词时，常用于句尾。如：
The house is painted throughout / all over.　这所房子全部油漆了一遍。
8.particular adj.特殊的，特别的；特有的，独特的；讲究的，苛求的，挑剔的；细致的，详细的
be particular about/over ...对……讲究/挑剔
in particular=especially 特别，尤其
particularly特别地，格外地
9. pick out挑出；辨别出；挑选；领会；理解
pick one’s pocket 扒窃
pick up 捡(拾)起；收拾；整理；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；收听到；身体好转
10. cut off切断；中断
cut down砍掉；削减；减少
cut in插嘴；强行超车
cut up切碎；使伤心
11. convince vt.使信服
convincing adj. 令人信服的
convinced adj.确信的；深信的
convince sb.of sth.让某人相信某事
convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事
convince sb.that ...使某人相信……
be firmly convinced of sth./that ...确信……；坚信……
12. direct vt.& vi.导演；指示；指挥　adj.直的；直接的；直率的
direction n．方向；说明
director n．导演；主任
directly adv.直接地 conj.一……就……
(1)direct sb. to do sth.指示(令)某人做某事
(2)in the direction of...朝……方向
in all directions＝in every direction 朝四面八方
13. whisper n. 耳语；低语 vt.&vi 低语；小声说
whisper to sb （that） 向某人低声说
It is / was whispered that 有人私下说……；传闻……
in whispers = in a whisper = in a low voice 低声地
14. react vi. 做出反应；回应
react to sth. = respond to sth. 对某事作出反应；
15. as is known to everyone众所周知
as is often the case情况常常如此
as is said/mentioned above综上所述
as is reported in the newspaper正如报纸上报道的
as an old saying goes俗话说；常言道
as sb. puts it 正如某人所说

必修4Unit4
1. represent vt.代表；作为……的代表；象征；表示；(尤指以绘画、雕刻等)表现，描绘；描写
①represent sb. as/to be 宣称某人为……
represent sth. to sb.向某人说明/传达某事
= represent to sb. sth.
represent...as...把……描绘成……
represent sb. To do sth. 代表某人做某事
② representation n.代表，代表团；代理；描写；表现
representative adj.代表性的;典型的 n.代表，代理人
a representative of… ……的代表
③（近义词）stand for
2. curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的
be curious to do sth.渴望去做某事
be curious about/with 对……好奇
It is curious that-clause 很奇怪……
curiously adv.好奇地；古怪地
curiosity n.好奇，好奇心；珍品，古玩
meet/satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
out of curiosity 出于好奇
in/with curiosity = curiously 好奇地
3. approach vt.& vi. 接近；靠近；走近;处理 n.接近方法；途径
approach sb./sth.接近某人/物
即将来临：be approaching；be coming；be around the corner； be on the way；draw near
(做）某事的方法/途径:
the approach to (doing) sth = the way to do/of doing sth.
= the method of doing sth.= the means of doing sth.
跟to 搭配的常见名词有：answer, key, solution, visit, way, path, contribution, entrance,devotion
用这种方法: in this way, by this means, with this method
处理： approach; deal with; handle; address
解决：solve; work out; settle; fix
②（近义词）way, method, manner
4. defend vt.保护；保卫；为……辩护
defend...against/from 防御或保卫……以免受……
defence n.防御；保卫
in defence of 防御；保卫
5.be likely to 很可能……；有希望……
sb./sth. be likely to do sth.某人/某物可能做某事
It is likely that...做……是可能的; 很有可能
unlikely adj.不太可能的
6.in general 总的来说；通常
as a general rule 一般而言；通常
generally speaking 一般说来
It is generally believed/acknowledged that…人们普遍认为…

全面的,总的，整体的general opinion / books of general interest 普遍感兴趣
general 概括性的；笼统/大体的 a general idea of the passage 这段文章的大意
adj. 首席的；总管的 the general manager 总经理
〖联想发散〗表示“总之；总的来说”的词组有：
in a word 总之
as a whole 就整体来看；一般地说
in short/brief 简而言之；总之
on the whole＝to sum up 总的来说
7.at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
with ease=easily 轻易地，毫不费力地
feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松
ease one's mind 使某人安心
ease/reduce/lessen our stress/pressure/pain…
ease sb.of sth.减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
8.lose face 丢脸
make a face 做鬼脸
in (the) face of 面对(问题、困难、危险等)
face to face 面对面
be faced with 面对
9.turn one’s back to 背对，背弃
turn in 上交
turn up 音量调高；出现,被发现
turn down 音量调低；拒绝
turn around 转身
turn away 转过脸去，不准入内，打发走
It turned out that…证明是；结果是
turn to 转向，求助于turn to sb for help(ask sb. for help) turn a deaf ear to 对…充耳不闻
turn a blind eye to 对…视而不见