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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。,Space Invader,第1页,第2页,On the subway,open spaces create a zone of comfort.,第3页,Armrests on a long bench in Central Park allow for ample breathing room.,第4页,In Union Square,a few feet between women goes a long way toward easing tensions about being in a busy area.,第5页,SPACE INVADERS,Pre-reading questions,What is the definition of“personal space”?,Is personal space important to you?Why or why not?,Are there any examples when you have felt that your personal space was being invaded.Can you describe these?,How did you feel when this happened?,第6页,What is personal space?,Personal space can be viewed as an extension of the human body.Therere,different types/zones of personal space.,What are them?,There are four distinct zones of personal space:the,intimate zone,for whispering and embracing;the,personal zone,for conversing with close friends;the,social zone,for conversing with acquaintances;and the,public zone,for interacting with strangers.,第7页,Personal space,can be imagined as a kind of bubble surrounding a person that protects his or her privacy and which other people may not normally enter.Allowing somebody to get very close and enter your personal space may be a sign of trust or love.On the other hand,intruding others personal space can be rather offensive.,The amount of space people need to feel around them varies with various factors,such as culture,sex,familiarity between people,crowdedness of the situation,etc.For example:,Cultural information,1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,第8页,people from cultures that like a lot of personal space feel awkward and embarrassed when somebody comes too close to them;,people of the same sex may sit or stand closer to each other than to somebody of the opposite sex;,strangers and casual acquaintances usually need more space than friends and members of the same family who know each other well;,in a noisy street people may need to stand closer than they would normally,simply in order to hear each other.,Cultural information,2,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,第9页,Is“personal space”a term of the seventies?Is it out of date nowadays?,Can you think of any other trouble we have nowadays?,第10页,Structural analysis,Part I,(Paragraphs 1 2):,The writer calls the readers attention to the invasion of personal space by relating an experience of how his personal space was invaded.,Part II,(Paragraphs 3 7):,The writer analyzes some likely causes of the shrinkage of personal space,and attributes the invasion of personal space to the general decline of good manners.,Part III,(Paragraph 8 9):,The author presents his view about the essence of personal space,i.e.it is psychological,rather than physical,and urges people to“expand the contracting boundaries of personal space”.,第11页,1.until we were all hugger-mugger.like a Slinky.(Paragraph 1),2.The phrase“personal space”has a quaint,.(Paragraph 2),3.Ive wondered if its the season:,much less).(Paragraph 4),4.Or perhaps the proliferation.keep to themselves.(Paragraph 4),5.we allow all kinds.without them.)(Paragraph 5),6.“Dont tread on me”.with a spread.(Paragraph 5),sentence paraphrase,第12页,7.The logistics of it vary according to geography.(Paragraph 5),8.The decline of manners has been widely lamented.(Paragraph 6),9.Ive also noticed an.manifest destiny.(Paragraph 7),10.,.individuals routinely commandeer booths and sets of facing seats meant for foursomes.(Paragraph 7),11.personal space is psychological,not physical:.inner space.(Paragraph 8),12.In the same way that the breeze.boundaries of personal space.(Paragraph 9),sentence paraphrase,第13页,Detailed reading1,until we were,1.until we were all hugger-mugger against each other,the original lazy line having collapsed in on itself like a Slinky.(Paragraph 1),Paraphrase:,until we were all pushing against each other,leaving the line in disorder.,Detailed reading,2.The phrase“personal space”has a quaint,seventies ring to it.(Paragraph 2),The phrase“personal space”sounds old-fashioned and reminds one of the seventies.,Paraphrase:,第14页,Detailed reading4,.Ive wondered,3.Ive wondered if its the season:T-shirt weather can make proximity more alluring(or much,much less).(Paragraph 4),Paraphrase:,.it has passed through my mind that maybe the cause(of the space invasion)is the season:summer may make people want to be closer to those whose physical attraction is revealed by light summer clothing(though it may also make them wish to move further away from those smelling unpleasantly of perspiration).,Detailed reading,第15页,Detailed reading4,Or perhaps,4.Or perhaps the proliferation of coffee bars in Manhattan is infusing so much caffeine into the already jangling locals that people can no longer keep to themselves.(Paragraph 4),Paraphrase:,Or perhaps the increasing coffee bars in Manhattan.attract more and more people,who are stimulated and excited by the caffeine they take in,so that they become eager to meet others and no longer want to remain in private.,Detailed reading,第16页,Detailed reading5,we allow,5.we allow all kinds of invasions of personal space in private.(Humanity wouldnt exist without them.)(Paragraph 5),Paraphrase:,privately we allow people with whom we have close relationships to enter our personal space in a variety of ways.(Indeed,in the absence of sexual intimacy,none of us would be here.),Detailed reading,第17页,Detailed reading5,The logistics,7.The logistics of it vary according to geography.(Paragraph 5),Paraphrase:,People in different regions are given different sizes of personal space.,Detailed reading,6.“Dont tread on me”could have been coined only by someone with a spread.(Paragraph 5),“Dont step into my space.”This could only have been invented by people who have a farm and thus a large space all their own.,Paraphrase:,第18页,Detailed reading6,The decline of,8.The decline of manners has been widely lamented.(Paragraph 6),Paraphrase:,Many have expressed regret at the deterioration of manners.,Detailed reading,第19页,Detailed reading7,Ive also noticed,9.Ive also noticed an increase in the ranks of what I think of as space invaders,mini-territorial expansionists who seize public space with a sense of manifest destiny.(Paragraph 7),Paraphrase:,Ive also noticed that the problem of space invasion has become more and more serious,and that space invaders,acting in the way territorial expansionists usually do,take it for granted that they have the right to seize public space.,Detailed reading,第20页,Detailed reading6-7,.individuals routinely,10.,.individuals routinely commandeer booths and sets of facing seats meant for foursomes.(Paragraph 7),Paraphrase:,.individuals,as usual,occupy the booths and seats which are designed for four people.,Detailed reading,第21页,Detailed reading8,personal space,11.personal space is psychological,not physical:it has less to do with the space outside us than with our inner space.(Paragraph 8),Paraphrase:,.personal space is more a psychological matter than a physical one.As far as we feel comfortable in our mind,it does not matter whether our physical personal space is large or small.,Detailed reading,第22页,Detailed reading9,In the same,12.In the same way that the breeze from a butterflys wings in Japan may eventually produce a tidal wave in California,I have decided to expand the contracting boundaries of personal space.(Paragraph 9),Paraphrase:,The author hopes that his own stand against the shrinking of personal space,while small in itself,will nonetheless eventually have a dramatic effect in the same way as the breeze from a butterflys wings in Japan,if it initiates a chain of waves,may eventually produce a tidal wave in California.,Detailed reading,第23页,Detailed study-Para.1,The author is very careful with,his choice of words in his description.,Describe the actions in words.,A series of verb phrases and adverbs are used to vividly describe,the process.,Text Analysis-Part,第24页,I was at the bank,I was standing in a line,snaking around,some,tired,velvet rope.,drooping,loosened or slackened,第25页,A murderous knife,Those purposeless days,Carrie leads quite a busy life.,西雅图不眠夜,Sleepless Seatle,Transferred epithet:in which an adj.properly modifying one noun is shifted to an other noun in the same sentence.,Eg:the workers are repairing the building on a dizzy height.,He was ashamed of his humble scores an the examination.,第26页,移位修饰(transferred epithet),将本应该用来修饰某一类名词修饰语用来修饰另一类名词。比如：,There was a short,thoughtful silence.,出现了一阵短暂、令人沉思寂静。,The old man put a reassuring hand on my shoulder.,老人把一只令人安心手放在我肩膀上。,He closed his busy life at the age of sixty.,在六十岁时他结束了他那忙碌一生。,This is the cheapest market in this country.,这是这个国家最廉价市场了。,第27页,Vivid description,1.a man in a sweat-suit;,2.me;,3.the woman reading the Wall Street Journal;,4.the man scribbling a check;,5.white-haired lady,inching toward,advanced toward,sidle up to,shuffled toward,in his eagerness,minutely,in mild annoyance,absent-mindedly,Chain effects:cause chaos,第28页,We were so hugger-mugger.,“,the original,lazy,line having collapsed in on itself like a,Slinky.”,slow a line that is not straight and ordered,原本松松垮垮队伍早已挤做一团，跟压缩弹簧似,。,第29页,Slinky as a toy,“灵巧鬼”，一个用软弹簧做成会翻跟头玩具,第30页,slinky as adj.,Sextually attractive,第31页,Self-learning-inch,sidle,inch forward,past,through:v.,move slowly and carefully in a specified direction,He inched his way through a narrow passage.,sidle over/up to sb.sidle along,past,away:,v.,walk in a quiet or cautious way,as if you dont want anyone to notice you,A man sidled up to me and asked if I wanted a ticket for the match.,第32页,shuffle,v.,walk without lifting your feet properly off the ground,He slipped on his shoes and shuffled out of the room.,shuffle around:v.,move your feet about while standing or move your bottom around while sitting,often because you feel uncomfortable or embarrassed.,She shuffled around in her chair.,He,shuffled the question off,and changed the topic.,She,shuffled out of,the chores by saying that she was ill.,第33页,Translation,囚犯们沿着走廊拖着脚步进入牢房。,The prisoners,shuffled,along the corridor and into their cells.,他一向总是能狡猾地摆脱任何困难,，我们不知道他这回又要耍什么花招。,Hes always been able to,shuffle out of,any difficulty.We dont know how he will do this time.,物价在迟缓下降,.,Prices are,inching,down.,第34页,Para.2-personal space,What is the writers personal space?,18/1 foot/10/”impossible to measure”,“,has a quaint,seventies ring to it.”,“Like the tweleve limit around national shores,”,“,our individual border which no stranger can penetrate without making us uneasy”,1 inch=2.54 cm,1 foot=30cm,Analogy,类比,第35页,What is“personal space”?,“,Imaginary bubble”-feel comfortable,；,“individual boundary or terrotory,”-,more phychlogical than phisical;,Moveable/changeable,Proxemics(,空间关系学,),The study of the distance between people as they interact,In close proximity to,第36页,Zones for personal space,Intimate distance,:,(0-1.5 feet)between close friends,family members;show affection,give comfort or protect.,Personal distance,:,(,1.5-4 feet)most conversation.,Social distance/,:(4-10 feet)less personal situations,in business or workshop.,Public distance,:(,10 feet)lecture,churches,public gathering.,第37页,Paraphrase,The phrase“personal space”has a quaint,seventies,ring,to it,but it is one of those,gratifying,expressions that are intuitively understood by all human beings.,The phrase sounds old-fashioned and reminds people of seventies,but it is an expression that will make people feel satisfied and that is instinctively understood.,第38页,ring,singular,a particular quality,that something such as a statement seems to have:,Her account,has a ring of,authenticity about it.,have a ring of truth,:,His version of events had a ring of truth.,have a familiar ring,:,This story may have a familiar ring to it.,第39页,Text Analysis-Part,第40页,Para.3-examples of space invasion,In our daily life,can you give some examples of personal space invasion?,Funny examples:,how close is too close?,Examples in the text:,In elevators;on the street;on the subway;in lines at the airport,Wedge in,zigzag,jostle,no longer carve out zones,press forward,第41页,Buses,elevators,theatres and many other similar places tend to reduce personal space.,People routinely find themselves in such situations tend to have smaller personal space and more tolerance for space invasion.,第42页,wedge,v.,force into a narrow space;fix sth.in position by using a wedge or sth.else,把门打开，用报纸抵住门让它开着。,Open the door and wedge it open with newspapers.,用一些纸片塞在桌脚,那样它就不会摇摆了,.,Wedge pieces of paper in between the leg and the floor and it wont be shaky any more.,我假如不在话，把作业塞进门缝吧。,If Im not in,wedge your homework under the door.,第43页,jostle:v.,It was so sad the once-intimate brothers now jostled with each other for the legacy left by their father.,press:v.,很多人挤在她身边，她进不了门。,So many people pressed around her that she couldnt get into the house.,支持者们围着她，争相要她署名。,Fans were pressing around her,all trying to get her autograph.,第44页,Fidget,fidget(about)(with sth):v.,you keep moving your hands or feet slightly or changing your position slightly,for example because you are nervous,bored,or excited.,It is bad manners to fidget about with the knives and forks at table.,她经常为她母亲健康而烦躁不安。,She is always fidgeting about her mothers health.,fidgety:adj.,restless or inclined to fidget,第45页,Malthusian Logic,马尔萨斯人口论,Thomas Robert Malthus:British economist and clergyman.,Essay on Population,He argued that without the practice of“moral restraint”the population tends to increase at a greater rate than its,means,of subsistence,unless war,famine,or disease or efforts are made to limit population.,第46页,Paraphrase,T-shirt weather can make proximity more alluring(or much,much less).,Summer may either make people want to be closer to each other or more likely,keep a distance between each other.,第47页,Manhattan,Manhattan Island,an island in New York city surrounded by the Hudson,East,and Harlem rivers,第48页,Language work,(Sth)is relentless:adj.,sth bad never stops or never becomes less intense.,我快要疯了，邻居小孩不停在哭。,The relentless crying of a child of the neighbor dries me crazy.,(Sb)is relentless:adj.,determined to do sth and refuse to give up,even if what is being done is unpleasant or cruel.,Relentless in his pursuit of knowledge,he became a well-respected scholar.,relent:v.,decide to be less strict,determined or harsh,The pressure for us to finish the project in time will not relent.,第49页,infuse,vt.Fill with,注入,Infuse sb with sth,Infuse sth into sb,His speech,infused the men with,a desire to win.,第50页,Keep to,Keep to the point;,dont try to,shuffle off,the concerned topic.,Things will only work out if we all,keep to the plan.,She is old and feeble,so that she always,keeps to the house,.,Nobody knows him much for he usually,keeps to himself,.,I will be very grateful if you can,keep it to yourself.,第51页,Para.5-Geographical differences,The amount of space people need to feel around them varies with various factors,such as culture,sex,familiarity between people
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