英语四级写作开头和结尾省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

大学英语四级作文大学英语四级作文第1页大学英语四级考试写作要求v大学英语四级考试评分标准v四级作文框架大学英语四级写作要求大学英语四级考试开头（风头）和结尾（豹尾）阐述观点（猪肚）第2页大学英语四级考试写作要求v能就一定话题或提要在半小时内写出12-150词短文，能写短信和便条，表示意思清楚，无重大语言错误。v正确表示思想，能按照英语书面文体规范和格式组织内容，叙事清楚。v意义连贯包含意义和内容两方面连贯。v文理通顺无重大语法错误。第3页v四级考试通常要求考生将短文写成三段式，考神在写作时要看清作文题目对段落划分要求。假如题目要求写成三段式，就要按要求写；假如题目对段落无明确要求，最好以写三段或四段为宜。v四级作文文体大致多是包括介绍情况、提供信息、解释事物、阐述观点、表示看法等记叙文、议论文或说明文。v书写工整、保持卷面整齐，给评卷人员留一个好印象非常主要。不要乱涂乱画，若有删节，在文字中间画道横线。第4页v段落按要求写，普通情况下，中间一段长，首段和结尾段较短，给人第一感觉就是内容充实。v按要求字数写，能够比要求字数稍微多一点。字数少了给人感觉缺乏内容，字数太多，文章显得繁琐，阅卷老师会烦，你分数会受影响。第5页v许多考生作文错误即使不多，相当符合语法要求，但用词贫乏，过多使用如moreandmore,Ithink,asyouknow等表示，而且句子结构过于单一。v统计结果表明，差作文中简单句多，而好作文简单句少；差作文从句、连词、分词结构出现频率大大低于好作文；差作文中关键词和同义表示出现频率低于好作文。用词丰富和句式多样应该主要经过多看好文章，仔细琢磨好文章中用词和句子来提升。换句话说，也就是要从阅读中学习写作。第6页对写作考试评分标准v切题-所谓切题是指在形式上诸如段落、字数、文体、格式等方面满足题目要求，并在内容上没有偏差。v表示清楚、条理清楚-本要求考查学生对文章结构掌握，要求文章主题观点明确，有头有尾，论证说明安排有主次。v文字通顺，连贯性很好-考查学生对过渡句和衔接词或词组掌握和利用，要求文章句子内部或句子之间通顺连贯。v基本无语言错误-主要考查学生语言基本功掌握，包含语法和拼写两部分。第7页四级作文框架v大学英语四级作文结构v三段（12句）vPara1:观点/主题/问题（3-4）vPara2:论证/阐述/分析（6-7)vPara3:结论/观点/处理方法（2-3）第8页段落基本要求v统一性、连贯性、用字造句有改变第9页文章开头段普通要求v好开端是成功二分之一v文章开头主要作用：v1.说明并限定主题v2.提供相关背景信息v3.引出中心思想v4.吸引读者注意v约为3-4句第10页四级作文类型v1.现象解释（现象论说）v2.对比选择v3.问题处理v4.观点论证v5.应用文第11页主要试题类型组织表主要试题类型组织表题型题型第一段第一段 第二段第二段第三段第三段现象解现象解释型释型 描述现象描述现象v说明现象产生原因v表明个人观点态度或阐述个人做法对比选对比选择型择型v表明一方或双方观点v表明另一方观点及理由，或指出双方观点不足之处理由v表明个人观点或阐述个人做法v问题处理型提出问题提出问题v分析问题，给出处理方案v表明个人观点态度或阐述个人做法观点论观点论证型证型提出论点提出论点例证论点例证论点得出结论或表明得出结论或表明个人看法与做法个人看法与做法应用文应用文描述事实描述事实阐述原因阐述原因v表明观点或提出提议back第12页v四级写作开头和结尾第13页四级开头1：现象法v这多用于现象解释型作文和问题处理型作文.v1.要求要求：主要要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释并加以评论。：主要要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释并加以评论。v详细：描述社会生活中存在一个现象，通常会要求考生对这详细：描述社会生活中存在一个现象，通常会要求考生对这种现象做出说明，同时表明该种现象反应社会问题；进而会种现象做出说明，同时表明该种现象反应社会问题；进而会要求考生解释这种不良现象存在或发生原因，较为常见方式要求考生解释这种不良现象存在或发生原因，较为常见方式是要求在第二段对现象做细致分析，表述现象发生原因，或是要求在第二段对现象做细致分析，表述现象发生原因，或表述现象改变原因；在第三段中，又往往要求考生针对现象表述现象改变原因；在第三段中，又往往要求考生针对现象做出评论，表明自己态度、观点或做法，以及怎样在日常生做出评论，表明自己态度、观点或做法，以及怎样在日常生活中有效地实践以消除这种现象或其不利方面。因为全部段活中有效地实践以消除这种现象或其不利方面。因为全部段落都围绕这种现象为关键展开，所以称之为现象解释型试题。落都围绕这种现象为关键展开，所以称之为现象解释型试题。第14页vEgvRecentlytheproblemphenomenonofhascausedarousedpublicpopularwideworldwideconcern.v2.recentlytheissueoftheproblemofthephenomenonofhasbeenbroughtintofobus.(hasbeenbroughttopublicattention)第15页vRecently/presentlythephenomenon/issue/problemofhasbeenbroughtintofocus/arousedpublicattention/becomeaheatedtopic/beeninthelimelight.vNowadays,oursocietyiswitnessingmoreandmorevNowadays,manyhavebeenfaced/troubled/confrontedwithvIntherecentyears,hasexperiencedanalarmingincrease/growth/rise/declinein第16页Practice1vCampussecurityv近年来发生在校园意外事件不停增加，校园安全问题备受关注v对此我们应该采取哪些办法第17页Practice2(真题）第18页ParentsandChildrenAscanbeseenfromthepicture,anoldmaniscrouchingthere.Thefatherisinragswhilethefourchildrenwearexpensiveclothes.Allofhisfourchildrenregardhimasaballandwanttokickhimoff.Thefourchildrenareallgoodgoalkeepersandsuccessfullykeepthefatheroutsidetheirdoors.Thus,thefatherbecomeshomeless.第19页Ascanbeobservedfromthepicture,inthecentreofafootballplaygroundiscrouchinganelderlyman，whoisdressedin rags,while,instrikingcontrast,thefourchildrenwearexpensivenamebrand.Allofhisfourchildrenreckoningwithhimasaballandwanttokickhimoff.Thefourchildrenareallexcellentgoalkeepersandtriumphantlykeepthefatheroutsidetheirdoors.Thus,thefatherturnsouthomeless.第20页CampussecurityvRecentlytheproblemofcamoussecurityhasbeeninthelimelight.Nearlyeverydaytherearereportstothesecurity第21页开头写法2：对立法v普通包含引出讨论问题、展现两种不一样观点。主要适合用于对比选择性作文。要求要求：本题型要求考：本题型要求考生比较两种观点或两种做法，进而表明自己对该问生比较两种观点或两种做法，进而表明自己对该问题或事物态度（事观点），也就是做出选择。题或事物态度（事观点），也就是做出选择。v1.whenitcomesto,somepeoplebelievethat,butothersargue/claimthatvThereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments/statements,but(Itendtoagree/woldprefertotheformer/latter)第22页vNowadaysthereisnoagreementamongpeopleastosomepeoplefocuson/advocate/favorwhileothersmaythink.frommypointofview,vWhenfacedwith/inthefaceof,quireafewpeopleclaimthatbutotherpeopleargueasfarasIamconcerned,theformer/latterpointholdsmoreweight.第23页Practice2vIsitbettertostudyaloneorinagroup?v1.有些学生喜欢单独学习v2.另外有一些学生则喜欢组成小组学习v3.我观点第24页Isitbettertostudyaloneorinagroup?vWhenitcomestotheissuethatstudentsshouldstudyaloneorinagroup,differentpeoplehavedifferentideas.Somestudentsprefertostudyalone,whileothersthinkitisbettertostudyinagroup.第25页对比选择型模拟题对比选择型模拟题vDirections:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic:Lectures and Discussions.You should write at least 120 words,and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:v1)一些学生赞成讲座式教学一些学生赞成讲座式教学v2)另一些学生偏爱讨论式教学另一些学生偏爱讨论式教学v3)我看法我看法第26页对比选择型模拟题范文对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版一套用模版一)Lectures and Discussions 1.There is a heated debate over lectures and discussions.2.It is commonly accepted that lectures can help students learn more quickly.3.In contrast,others hold that discussions can stimulate students to learn by themselves.4.Those who hold the first opinion suggest that students attend more lectures.5.In their view,teachers help students master the knowledge which is accumulated by them in many years study and research.6.However,others think that in a discussion,the teacher usually guides the students instead of dominating them.7.They argue that involving in a discussion,students 第27页对比选择型模拟题范文对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版一套用模版一)Lectures and Discussionshave to develop their ability to analyze problems.8.Considering one after another,I stand on the side of neither idea.9.First of all,different methods have different disadvantages.10.Furthermore,each student has his or her favorites.11.Thirdly,lectures are preferable to discussions in the teaching of science and mathematics and on the contrary,discussions are preferable to lectures in the art and philosophy subjects.12.Therefore,we should adopt different teaching methods according to different subjects.第28页6月真题第29页SampleWritingvShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?(12月）v1）名校校园正成为旅游新热点；v2）校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不一样v3）我认为第30页Paragraph1Nowadays,there is an increasing interest in visiting campuses of famous universities.Therefore,a hot debate arises over whether the university campus should be open to tourists.第31页Paragraph2vSome people are in favor of the idea of opening it to the public.They believe that the atmosphere of famous universities can motive students visitors to seek more knowledge.They also argue that as more tourists come to visit,these universities can make themselves known to more people.第32页Paragraph3However,other people hold an opposite viewpoint.They consider that with tourists pouring into campuses,the beauty of the campus will be ruined.Whats more,they firmly point out that the normal teaching activities will be disturbed.第33页Paragraph4vThere is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of opening them outweigh the disadvantages.In my opinion,university campuses should be open to tourists.第34页v1.要求：本题型要求考生从描述文字要求：本题型要求考生从描述文字/图表入手，图表入手，解释试题文字解释试题文字/图表反应出社会生活中存在一个现实图表反应出社会生活中存在一个现实问题，指出问题危害性或处理这一问题紧迫性；然问题，指出问题危害性或处理这一问题紧迫性；然后在第二段对问题展开分析，提出处理问题方案或后在第二段对问题展开分析，提出处理问题方案或应对办法；最终一段要求考生表明自己对待这一问应对办法；最终一段要求考生表明自己对待这一问题态度、做法等。这种试题，因为全部段落都以某题态度、做法等。这种试题，因为全部段落都以某个问题为关键展开，个问题为关键展开，以提出问题分析问题处理以提出问题分析问题处理问题为根本，所以称之为问题处理问题为根本，所以称之为问题处理。这类作文包含这类作文包含图表式作文和提要式作文，所以，引用数据要有经图表式作文和提要式作文，所以，引用数据要有经典性、解释原因要注意连贯性、处理问题要突出可典性、解释原因要注意连贯性、处理问题要突出可行性。行性。三、问题处理型三、问题处理型第35页问题处理性试题回顾v12月vLimitingTheUseofDisposablePlasticBagsv2011,6Onlineshoppingv2012,6exceedingpacakaging第36页AModelNowadays,therearemoreandmore某种现象in某种场所.Itisestimatedthat相关数据.Why have there been so many 某种现象?Maybethereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Thefirstoneis原因一.Besides,原因二.Thethirdoneis原因三.Tosumup,themaincauseof某种现象isdueto最主要原因.It is high time that something weredoneuponit.Foronething,处理方法一.Ontheother hand,处理方法二.Allthese measures willcertainlyreducethenumberof某种现象.第37页处理问题型特点总结v1.当前存在某个问题v2.这种问题危害或产生原因v3.给出处理方法第38页ASampleParagraph1-IntroductionNowadays,therearemoreandmorepeoplefindingjobsonInternetinsteadoflookingforajob in the ads of the newspaper or in a jobmarket某种现象某种场所.Itisestimatedthat1 outof 1,000job seekersprefergettingtheirjobsonInternetbybrowsingforajob相关数据.第39页Paragraph2Body/illustrationWhyhavetherebeensomanypeople favoringInternetjobhuntingmorethanthetraditionalway某种现象?Maybe the reasons can be listed asfollows.The first one is its convenience.A jobhuntercanfindajobwithoutbotheringtoaskhelpfrom his relatives or friends,or register at anemployment agency.原 因 一.Besides,it isefficient.A job seeker can get a job by simplybrowsingamongthewantadsonlineandsendinghis or her resumes via an E-mail.原因二.Thethirdoneisthesuccessrateisusuallyhigherandevenifonefailstofindajob,itcansparehimtheembarrassmentofbeingrefused原因三.第40页Paragraph3-ConclusionTo sum up,the main cause of job-hunt onInternet某种现象isduetoitsconvenience,efficiencyandhighsuccessrate最主要原因.With the increasing popularity of the Internet,this new approach of job-hunt will gain moreandmorepopularityamongcollegegraduatesandlaid-offworkers.第41页观点论证型作文第42页什么是观点论证型作文？什么是观点论证型作文？观点论证型作文普通要求考生依据题目所给论点，观点论证型作文普通要求考生依据题目所给论点，按照提要要求，经过摆事实、讲道理方式对论点按照提要要求，经过摆事实、讲道理方式对论点进行论证。进行论证。其基本结构是：其基本结构是：1.1.首先提出要论证论点首先提出要论证论点2.然后提出论据对其进行论证然后提出论据对其进行论证3.最终表明自己立场和看法最终表明自己立场和看法第43页写作思绪（三段式）：写作思绪（三段式）：1.提出观点段提出观点段引言句（背景）引言句（背景）+主题句主题句（论点）（论点）+扩展句（正确性表现）扩展句（正确性表现）+结尾句结尾句2.论证观点段论证观点段主题句主题句+扩展句一（论据一）扩展句一（论据一）+扩展句二（论据二）扩展句二（论据二）+扩展句三（论据扩展句三（论据三）三）3.总结观点段总结观点段主题句主题句+扩展句（正确态度或做法）扩展句（正确态度或做法）+结尾句结尾句第44页结构模板：结构模板：论点背景论点背景.It is true that 论点论点.No one can deny that 正确性表现正确性表现.Therefore,重申论点重申论点.Many remarkable reasons contribute to this argument.First of all,论据一论据一.For example,支持论据一事例支持论据一事例.Besides,论据二论据二.In addition，论据三论据三.All mentioned above tell us that 重申观重申观点点.Therefore,there is no denying that 正正确态度或做法确态度或做法.In a word,观点总结观点总结.第45页比如：比如：It pays to be honest1)当前社会存在许多不老实现象当前社会存在许多不老实现象2)老实利人利己，做人应该老实老实利人利己，做人应该老实第46页范文：范文：It pays to be honest Nowadays there still exist many dishonesties,such as cheating,over-charging,fake commodities,etc.,which ruin our moral life.It is true that being honest is not only beneficial to others but also to ourselves.No one can deny that honesty is a traditional virtue of Chinese people.Therefore,we should value honesty highly.第47页It pays to be honest Many remarkable reasons contribute to this argument.First of all,honesty can build up a more stable society.For example,Singapore,which is a society of trustworthiness and integrity,has a comparatively low criminal rate.Whats more,honesty can make our life easier and more harmonious.Besides,only honest people can be truly respected by others and can have more friends.第48页It pays to be honest All mentioned above tells us that being honest is of benefit to both state and the individual.Therefore,there is no denying that we should foster the spirit of honesty and let dishonesty have no place to stay in our society.In a word,laying stress on honesty will become one of the public morals in our society.第49页观点论证型模拟题lDirections:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic:Wealth and Happiness.You should write at least 120 words,and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:l1)每个人都想取得财富，财富似乎就是幸福每个人都想取得财富，财富似乎就是幸福l2)其实世界上有许多东西是财富换不来其实世界上有许多东西是财富换不来第50页观点论证型模拟题范文观点论证型模拟题范文(套用模板一套用模板一)Wealth and Happiness 1.It is well known that wealth doesnt necessarily mean happiness in todays world.2.The truth of it is self-evident.3.No one can deny that there are many things you cannot buy with money.4.Therefore,people owning much money may also feel unhappy.5.Many examples can be found to prove that wealth is not equal to happiness.6.Take love as a typical example.7.People cannot buy love with money and may feel unhappy without love.8.Furthermore,good health,which cannot be第51页观点论证型模拟题范文观点论证型模拟题范文(套用模板一套用模板一)Wealth and Happinessbought with money,also plays an important role in our lives.9.It goes without saying that people can get nowhere without money,but cant get everywhere with money.10.Then,whats the proper attitude towards wealth?11.There is no doubt that we should earn money with honest work,but not be crazy about money.12.In conclusion,happiness consists of love,good health,wealth,friendship and many other factors.第52页观点论证型模拟范文观点论证型模拟范文(套用模板二套用模板二)Wealth and Happiness 1.It is believe that wealth doesnt necessarily mean happiness in todays world.2.The truth is deep and profound.3.As we know,there are many things you cannot buy with money.4.Consequently,people owning much money may also feel unhappy.5.A case in point is love.6.This is close to suggest that people cannot buy love with money and may feel unhappy.7.It is true that good health,which cannot be bought with money,also plays an important role in our lives.8.In addition,第53页观点论证型模拟范文观点论证型模拟范文(套用模板二套用模板二)Wealth and Happinessknowledge also makes people feel happy.9.All mentioned above tells us that we should take a right attitude toward money.10.As a matter of fact,everyone can get nowhere without money,but cannot get everywhere with money.11.There is no denying that we should earn money with honest work,but not be crazy about money.12.In short,happiness consists of love,health,wealth,friendship and many other factors.第54页6月四级作文月四级作文l1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写，2.出现这种现象原因是3.为了改变这种情况，我认为。DueAttentionShouldBeGiventoSpelling第55页Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling新东方新东方 lTheysay“mindbreedsphysiognomy”，whichimpliestheimportanceofonesappearance.Similarly,acorrectandneatspellingofacompositioncannotonlyreflectasuccessofthecompositionbutembodythedecentdispositionofthewriteraswell.Unfortunately,agreatnumberofstudentspaylittleattentiontotheirspellingthoughtheircompositionturnsoutquitegoodeitherincontentorinlogic,thusleavingtheteacherinadilemmawhethertogiveahighscoreornot.第56页lTracingthereasonshiddenbehind,wecaneasilyfinditismainlybecausesomestudentsareunawareoftheimportanceofthespelling.Intheirminds,thecontentabsolutelyoutweighstheformsotheattentiontospellingcanbepleasantlyspared.Objectivelyspeaking,intheexamination,thelimitedtimeandurgentsituationmakestudentshavenomoreefforttocareabouttheirspellingandthefactisthattheyhavetowriteasquicklyaspossibletofinishitontime,leavingsomecharactersvagueorincorrect.第57页lJustasissaidabove,spelling,inasense,mirrorsthecontent,soadirectresultofthebadspellingisthelowacademicscoreintheexamforitishardtoexpectatextfullofundistinguishablewordstoreceiveagoodappreciation.Further,oncethehabitoflax松懈spellingwasformed,inalongrunthequalityofbeingnegligencecouldalsobegraduallyshaped,whichwouldundoubtedlyexertnegativeimpactforourfutureworkandlife.第58页满分范文：满分范文：Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling文都文都lNowadays,students attach less importance to the spelling of words in the process of English study.This phenomenon greatly influences students writing and brings on worries among teachers.第59页lThere are possibly three reasons contributing to this phenomenon.First,exam-oriented education应应试试教教育育 makes the students pay less attention to spelling.Second,some teachers should also be responsible for it because they dont emphasize the importance of spelling during teaching.Last but not least,some students are too lazy to recite words.第60页lSince spelling is one of the most important factors in Englis