英语四级作文写作技巧省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

大学英语四级写作技巧大学英语四级写作技巧Lecture of Writing 第1页一、考评要求一、考评要求四四六级大学英语写作考试时间均为六级大学英语写作考试时间均为30分钟，分值占分钟，分值占总分总分15%。四级要求考生写出一篇不少于四级要求考生写出一篇不少于120词短文，试卷上可词短文，试卷上可能能给出题目，或要求情景，或要求看图作文，或给出给出题目，或要求情景，或要求看图作文，或给出段首句要求续写段首句要求续写;或给出关键词要求写成短文。或给出关键词要求写成短文。要求能够正确表示思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。要求能够正确表示思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。写作内容包含日常生活和普通常识。短文写作部分目写作内容包含日常生活和普通常识。短文写作部分目标是测试学生利用英语书面表示思想初步能力。标是测试学生利用英语书面表示思想初步能力。第2页二、大学英语四级作文评分标准及标准二、大学英语四级作文评分标准及标准首先，首先，卷面一定要清楚、洁净、整齐卷面一定要清楚、洁净、整齐。不要乱涂乱画，若。不要乱涂乱画，若有删节，在文字中间画道横线有删节，在文字中间画道横线第二，段落按要求写，要求写几段就写几段。普通情况下，第二，段落按要求写，要求写几段就写几段。普通情况下，中间一段长，开首段和结尾段较短中间一段长，开首段和结尾段较短，让人第一感觉就是内，让人第一感觉就是内容充实。容充实。第三，第三，开好头，结好尾开好头，结好尾。第四，第四，按要求字数写，能够比要求字数稍微多一点。按要求字数写，能够比要求字数稍微多一点。字数字数少了给人感觉是缺乏内容，字数太多了，文章显得繁琐，少了给人感觉是缺乏内容，字数太多了，文章显得繁琐，分数会受影响。分数会受影响。第3页详细评分标准：详细评分标准：n2分分条理不清，思绪紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子都有错误，但条理不清，思绪紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子都有错误，但多数为严重错误。多数为严重错误。n5分分基本切题。表示思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多严重语言错误。基本切题。表示思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多严重语言错误。n8分基本切题。有些地方表示思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错分基本切题。有些地方表示思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。n11分分切题。表示思想清楚、文字连贯，但有少许语言错误。切题。表示思想清楚、文字连贯，但有少许语言错误。n14分分切题。表示思想清楚、文字通顺，连贯性很好，基本上无语言切题。表示思想清楚、文字通顺，连贯性很好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。错误，仅有个别小错误。n只写一段者：只写一段者：0 04 4分；只写两段者：分；只写两段者：0 09 9分分第4页部分考生在见到作文题，感到很对自己胃口，以为有很多内容部分考生在见到作文题，感到很对自己胃口，以为有很多内容要写。千言万语涌上心头，写着前一句想着后一句。往往前句要写。千言万语涌上心头，写着前一句想着后一句。往往前句还未写完便接上了后一句，写了一大堆犹觉余意未尽。结果令还未写完便接上了后一句，写了一大堆犹觉余意未尽。结果令判卷老师头疼不己，无法继续往下看。判卷老师头疼不己，无法继续往下看。意识流创作有两种表现：意识流创作有两种表现：自由分段自由分段 语言杂乱语言杂乱三、英语写作问题与对策三、英语写作问题与对策一、一、“意识流意识流”式写作式写作第5页我们不妨把作文要求量化到每一个段落：一篇我们不妨把作文要求量化到每一个段落：一篇120120词左词左右作文普通右作文普通不超出不超出1212句话句话，把这，把这1212句话依据题目要求句话依据题目要求分配到各段中去，每一段大约只说那么几句话，绝不分配到各段中去，每一段大约只说那么几句话，绝不多说。多说。实际上往往是实际上往往是说得越多，错误越多说得越多，错误越多。所以，跟着提要。所以，跟着提要走，每一段不要写得太多，走，每一段不要写得太多，点到为止，见好就收点到为止，见好就收，这，这才是最稳妥对策。才是最稳妥对策。对策对策:第6页7二、语言大于内容二、语言大于内容很多考生非要想出一个观点，想出一个理由，想出一很多考生非要想出一个观点，想出一个理由，想出一个办法，非要显得与众不一样。陷入这种境地考生，个办法，非要显得与众不一样。陷入这种境地考生，显然犯了一个根本性错误。作文应该在显然犯了一个根本性错误。作文应该在2525分钟之内完分钟之内完成，再用几分钟时间检验语言错误。成，再用几分钟时间检验语言错误。不论原因也好，办法也好，都不是判卷老师所重视。不论原因也好，办法也好，都不是判卷老师所重视。要求式作文拓展空间原来就非常有限，所以绞尽脑汁要求式作文拓展空间原来就非常有限，所以绞尽脑汁构思内容是没有必要。构思内容是没有必要。第7页8对策对策：写作三个角度：写作三个角度：n语言第一位语言第一位n结构第二位结构第二位n内容第三位内容第三位要求：要求：结构简单，语言卓越，内容只要相关即可结构简单，语言卓越，内容只要相关即可第8页9三、用词贫乏，句式单一三、用词贫乏，句式单一 许多考生作文错误倒不多，相当符合语法要求，但用词贫乏，过多使许多考生作文错误倒不多，相当符合语法要求，但用词贫乏，过多使用如用如more and more,I think,as you knowmore and more,I think,as you know等表示，而且句子结构过等表示，而且句子结构过于简单。于简单。统计结果表明，统计结果表明，差作文中简单句多，而好作文简单句少差作文中简单句多，而好作文简单句少；差作文从句、差作文从句、连词、分词结构出现频率大大低于好作文连词、分词结构出现频率大大低于好作文；差作文中关键词和同义表差作文中关键词和同义表示出现频率低于好作文示出现频率低于好作文。用词丰富和句式多样应该主要经过多看好文。用词丰富和句式多样应该主要经过多看好文章，仔细琢磨好文章中用词和句子来提升。换句话说，也就是要从阅章，仔细琢磨好文章中用词和句子来提升。换句话说，也就是要从阅读中学习写作。读中学习写作。第9页10对策对策:少用垃圾词汇少用垃圾词汇n垃圾词汇垃圾词汇:helpful 经典例句经典例句:Sth is helpful(to sb)n替换语替换语 conducive有利于有利于 e.g Sth is conducive to sbn垃圾词汇垃圾词汇:think 经典例句经典例句:i think-n替换语替换语deem，harbor the idea that n垃圾词汇垃圾词汇:because 经典例句经典例句:xxx because xxxn替换语替换语 in that/in as much asn垃圾词汇垃圾词汇:about 经典例句经典例句:it is about 250 times of thatn替换语替换语 it is approximately-n垃圾词汇垃圾词汇:ifn替换语替换语provided，supposing第10页Compare the Following SentencesnWe shouldshould use different ways to get to know the society.nWe ought toought to make use of various methods to get to know the society.nWe are supposed toare supposed to take advantage of diverse means to get to know the society.第11页12四级考生在措词方面存在问题：四级考生在措词方面存在问题：1 1、可供、可供“调遣调遣”词汇量贫乏，局限于中学词汇。词汇量贫乏，局限于中学词汇。比如，我们一提到比如，我们一提到“主要主要”大多数同学首先会想到大多数同学首先会想到“important”这个单词这个单词它以下同义词：它以下同义词：significant,vital,crucial,critical，etc etc第12页132 2、表示相近意义时，常重复用一个词，用词单调。、表示相近意义时，常重复用一个词，用词单调。比如，我们一提到比如，我们一提到“大大”大多数同学首先会想到大多数同学首先会想到“big”这个单词这个单词 它以下同义词：它以下同义词：great,large,huge,vast,enormous etc.四级考生在措词方面存在问题：四级考生在措词方面存在问题：第13页14策略策略 1 1、调动大学期间学过更生动，更丰富词汇。、调动大学期间学过更生动，更丰富词汇。Eg.Eg.引发、造成引发、造成 Cause,lead to,result in,bring about,give rise/birth to第14页152 2、用详细，生动，有针对性词语。、用详细，生动，有针对性词语。Eg.Eg.利用利用 Use,make use of,make(good,effective,wide,wise,full)use of sth,take(full)advantage of策略策略 第15页163 3、文中如需要屡次表示同一词义时，以同义词，、文中如需要屡次表示同一词义时，以同义词，近义词等防止重复使用同一词。近义词等防止重复使用同一词。Eg.Eg.适应适应Adapt to,adjust to,makefit,get used to,be accustomed to策略策略 第16页n1.people,persons替换词替换词:individuals,characters,folks n2.good替换词替换词:positive,favorable,rosy(美好美好)，promising(有希望有希望)，perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstandingn3.bad替换词替换词:dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse(有害有害)假如假如 bad 做表语，能够有做表语，能够有 be less impressive 代替代替 24个经典替换词个经典替换词第17页18neg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games,enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms.When it approaches to graduation,as a result,they find their academic records are less impressive.24个经典替换词个经典替换词第18页24个经典替换词个经典替换词n4.many替换词替换词:an army of,an ocean of,a sea of,a multitude of,many if not most.nEg.Many individuals,if not most,harbor the idea that.n5.some替换词替换词:a slice of,quiet a few,severaln 6.thing替换词替换词:affair,business,matter第19页20n7.think替换词替换词:harbor the idea that,take the attitude that,hold the view that,it is widely shared that,it is universally acknowledged mon替换词替换词:sharedn9.get much benefit替换词替换词:reap huge fruitsn10.in my opinion替换词替换词:for my part,from my own perspective 24个经典替换词个经典替换词第20页n11.more and more替换词替换词:increasingly,growing 当修饰名词时用当修饰名词时用 increasing/growing.n修饰形容词，副词用修饰形容词，副词用 increasingly n注意没有注意没有growingly 这种形式这种形式.nEg.sth has gained growing popularity.n sth is increasingly popular.n12 helpful替换词替换词:benefitial rewardingn13.very替换词替换词:exceedingly,extremely24个经典替换词个经典替换词第21页n14.cause替换词替换词:give rise to,lead to,result in,trigger n15.reasons for sth替换词替换词:there are several reasons behind sthn16.want 替换词替换词:desiren17.pay attention to替换词替换词:pour attention inton18.remember替换词替换词:bear in mind that24个经典替换词个经典替换词第22页23n19.sb be interested in sth替换词替换词:sth appeals to sb,sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb n20.attract ones attention替换词替换词:capture ones attentionn21.have替换词替换词:enjoy,possess24个经典替换词个经典替换词第23页munication替换词替换词:interactionn23.be against,disagree with sth 替换词：替换词：frown on sthn24.for example 替换词：替换词：to name only a few,as an example24个经典替换词个经典替换词第24页25善用词组善用词组 假如我们能够在单词基础上，深入想到与之同义词组，那么假如我们能够在单词基础上，深入想到与之同义词组，那么文章就会显得与众不一样，更含有英语味道。文章就会显得与众不一样，更含有英语味道。比如上面所说比如上面所说“主要主要”这个单词，当我们想到这个单词，当我们想到importantimportant时候，时候，假如从语法角度再稍加考虑一下，我们会想到假如从语法角度再稍加考虑一下，我们会想到“be of be of importanceimportance”。因为，语法中要求：形容词等于。因为，语法中要求：形容词等于ofof加这个形加这个形容词名词形式。容词名词形式。假如再提升一步，我们还学过一个惯用词组假如再提升一步，我们还学过一个惯用词组“play an play an important role in-important role in-”-”。四级写作中怎样造句四级写作中怎样造句第25页26句型多样句型多样简单句，并列句和复合句交替使用，灵活使用各种句简单句，并列句和复合句交替使用，灵活使用各种句子结构如：子结构如：插入语，倒装句，强调句，非谓语动词，插入语，倒装句，强调句，非谓语动词，疑问句疑问句等。等。若要写好作文，要写好句子，首先要掌握句子结构和若要写好作文，要写好句子，首先要掌握句子结构和句式改变及句子类型，可经过对泛读课文经典句子背句式改变及句子类型，可经过对泛读课文经典句子背诵提升应用语言基本句型能力。诵提升应用语言基本句型能力。Imitation is a good way to learn.第26页27适当用代替主动，这么能更客观反应事实适当用代替主动，这么能更客观反应事实,句子开头不要总句子开头不要总是用是用we/I(we/I(比如不用比如不用 we should pay attention to 而用而用 Attention should be paid to.)In a word,the local government should take effective measures to solve the problem.It is,therefore,high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the local government like that.被动句以及倒装句被动句以及倒装句第27页n近些年媒体曝光了很多食品安全问题近些年媒体曝光了很多食品安全问题nOver the past couple of years，several cases of the food scandal have been disclosed on various media.n应采取及时和严格办法来阻止某一趋势应采取及时和严格办法来阻止某一趋势nPrompt and strict measures should be taken to turn back this evil trend.n五分之一学生拥有信用卡而且数字还在上升五分之一学生拥有信用卡而且数字还在上升nIndeed，one out of five students is estimated to be in possession of at least one credit card，and the figure is expected to be on the steady increase.被动句以及倒装句被动句以及倒装句第28页29写作写作“四化四化”：a.语言准确化语言准确化 b.语言多样化语言多样化 c.结构清楚化结构清楚化 d.内容简单化内容简单化第29页主题主题提要提要写作写作 写作部分写作部分Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags 1.1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛使用一次性塑料袋曾被广泛使用2.2.造成问题造成问题3.3.限制使用意义限制使用意义3 paragraphsMore than 120 wordsTopic sentences第30页Disposable plastic bags were once widely used in China.When we went shopping at supermarkets and departments stores,shopping assistants often provided free plastic bags for our convenience.For a while,life without them seemed unimaginable for most of us.However,disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment.Costumers usually threw them away after use,and because they are thin and hard to decompose,these plastic products will exist for a long time.This is an immediate threat to our earth and water.Nowadays,the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags:they are not free any more.In some shopping places,in order to invoke the public awareness of environmental protection,plastic bags are offered in a much higher price.As a result,people are changing their behavior:paper and clothing bags that vanished for a long time come back to our daily life.It is true that by limiting its usage,everyone in this society contributes some effort to the improvement of the environment.第31页uRecently,the problem of has aroused peoples concern.uInternet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.uRecently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of.has been brought into focus.uInflation/Corruption/Social inequality.is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.Beginning第32页uPeoples views on vary from person to person.Some hold that.However,others believe that.uAttitudes towards(drugs)vary from person to person.uThere are different opinions among people as to People may have different opinions on uDifferent people hold different attitudes toward(failure).Different opinions第33页uAs far as something is concerned,.uIt was obvious that uIt may be true that,but it doesnt mean that uIt is natural to believe that,but we shouldnt ignore that uThere is no evidence to suggest that Incorrect opinions第34页uFrom my point of view,it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.uI cannot entirely agree with the idea that uPersonally,I am standing on the side of uI sincerely believe that uIn my opinion,it is more advisable to do than to do.uFinally,to speak frankly,there is also a more practical reason why Your opinions第35页uThis phenomenon exists for a number of reasons.uWhy did?For one thing For another.Perhaps the primary reason is uI quite agree with the statement that the reasons are chiefly as follows.The reasons第36页uHere are some suggestions for handling uThe best way to solve the troubles is uPeople have figured out many ways to solve this problem.Solutions第37页uThe primary reason is/to begin with/to start with/In the first place ubesides/furthermore/in addition/whats more ulast but not least；uPreviously,simultaneously,eventually；uFor one thing,for anotheruOn one hand,on the other handSequence第38页uTaking all these factors into consideration,we naturally come to the conclusion that uTaking into account all these factors,we may reasonably come to the conclusion that uHence/Therefore,wed better come to the conclusion thatuThere is no doubt that(job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.uAll in all,we cannot live without But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.Conclusion第39页uIt is high time that we put an end to the(trend).uIt is time to take the advice of and to put special emphasis on the improvement of uThere is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of uObviously,.If we want to do something,it is essential that uOnly in this way can we uIt must be realized thatSuggestions第40页uObviously,if we dont control the problem,the chances are that will lead us in danger.uNo doubt,unless we take effective measures,it is very likely that uIt is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.Prediction of result第41页