英语句子成分讲解新省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

英语句子成份讲解第1页句子成份定义：组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。句子成份有主要成份和次要成分；主要成份有主语和谓语；次要成份有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语第2页一、主语（一、主语（subject）:句子说明人或事物。表示所说“是谁”或“是什么”。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)ThesunHeTwentyyearsSeeingToseeWhatheneeds第3页指出以下句中主语.Theteacheriswalkingintotheclassroomwithtwoofhisstudents._Thereisanoldmancominghere._Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear._Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult._TheteacheranoldmanTheusefuldictionaryTodotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelp第4页二、谓语（二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语动作、状态和特征:说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。WestudyEnglish.Wearestudents.Theboykeepstalking.Thedogisdead.studyarekeepsis第5页选出句中谓语.Idontlikethepictureonthewall._Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes._Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?_Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon._Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?_dontlikegetgowillbehave第6页Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday._WhatIwanttotellyouisthis._Wehadbettersendforadoctor._Heisinterestedinmusic._Whomdidyougivemybookto?_didntdoissendisgive第7页三、表语（三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后成份，表示主语性质、状态和特征,说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”。常见系动词有:be,sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃来),remain(保持，仍是)feel(感觉),get,become,turnHeisateacher.Itsoundsinteresting.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodtastesgood.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.ateacherinterestingthingooddeliciousopentired第8页挑出以下句中表语1Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.2Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.3SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject4Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.主语谓语表语主语谓语主语主语表语谓语谓语表语表语第9页四、宾语：四、宾语：宾语是动作、行为对象，在句中主要充当动作承受者，在谓语之后（普通皆置于及物动词和介词之后），Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.Hepretendednottoseeme.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Ithink（that）itisfitforhisoffice.anexhibitionmenottoseemelisteningtopopularmusicitisfitforhisoffice第10页双宾语间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.Passmetheruler,please!HetoldTomthenewsyesterday.meabookthepoormansomemoneymetherulerTomthenews第11页挑出以下句中宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework._PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish._Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation._Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?_Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?_hishomeworkEnglish.yourpronunciationnewwordstogoswimming第12页Theoldmansaidhewasill._Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass._Goonandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft._Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool._TheydidntknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis._hewasill.himthemuseumitwhoFatherChristmasreallyis.第13页五。宾语五。宾语补足语（宾宾补）用来对宾语进行补充和说明成份.Wecallhimmonkey.Ifindthebookinteresting.Theteacheraskedhimtocleantheclassroomafterschool.Hesawsomeboysplayingfootballinthepark.Hermotherkeptherintheroom.定语定语是用来说明名词（代词）品质与特征词或一组词。定语是用来修饰名词或代词。monkeyinterestingtocleantheclassroomafterschool.playingfootballintheroom第14页1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.4.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomclean.5.Henoticedamanenteringtheroom.Dongmingwhitetotaketheboyoutofschoolcleanenteringtheroom.第15页六。定语修饰名词或代词词、短语或从句称为定语。1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.3.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.4.Thebikeunderthetreeismine.5.ThebookthatIamreadingisveryinteresting.beautifuldevelopingtoentertheclassroom.underthetreeIamreading第16页1.TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.2.Therearefortystudentsinourclass.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Hewasthelasttoleavetheroom.5.Doyouknowthegirlwithlonghair?familyfortyourdownstairstoleavetheroomwithlonghair第17页6.TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.7.Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.8.Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.playingfootballplantedlastyeartodoitwellthatIdot第18页七、状语：用来修饰动词,形容词,副词,或句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.第19页Hedidntstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpassexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.第20页Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.onherfaceEverynightwhenhewaseleven.toofast.第21页Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,Misslihurriedoff.ShelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooksIamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ThestudentsfollowedunclewangtoseetheothermachineWiththemedicineboxunderherarmbecauseshelovesbooksifyouvelostittoseetheothermachine第22页1.Heisrunning.2.Ihaveseenthemovie.3.Thelittleboyisaskingtheteacherallkindsofquestions.4.Sheseemedangry.5.Myfatherboughtmeabeautifulpresent.主语谓语谓语主语主语 谓语宾语间接宾语直接宾语主语谓语表语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语第23页6.Whydoyoukeepyoureyesclosed？主语谓语宾语宾补7.Willyoutellusanexcitingstory？主语谓语间宾直宾8.Wemustcleanourclassroom.主语谓语定语宾语第24页9.Iheardthebabycryinginthesittingroom.主语谓语宾语宾补状语10.Theloudvoicefromtheupstairsmadehimangry.定语主语定语谓语宾语宾补第25页句型二句型二主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词讲解(1)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如agree,lie,work,argue,belong,come,go,reply等。(2)不及物动词加一个介词后组成动词短语能够加宾语。如agreewith,liein,workat,belongto,comeacross,goto等。(3)有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如begin,sell,write,wash,answer,read等。比如：Themeetingbeginsathalfpastnine.(不及物动词)Theprofessorbeganhisspeechdirectly.(及物动词)Thebooksofthiskindsellwellandhewillsellthem.(第一个sell为不及物动词，而第二个是及物动词)。第26页