资源描述
英语毕业论文写作辅导:English Thesis Writing
Chapter 1 Basic Knowledge for Thesis Writing
Why should we write the thesis?
To write a thesis before graduation is a must for every university graduate.
By writing a thesis, we may get some experience and some basic methods for further theoretical study and research and the ability to solve problems.
It is the reflection of a student’s study in college.
Whether a student has such an ability to write a thesis or to solve problems in his/her field is one basis for a unit to accept him/her or not.
How long should we prepare for writing a thesis?
One year or so
What do we need when we write a thesis?
Firstly, for English major, most important of all, it is English knowledge and ability that based on your language skills, especially writing skill and grammar knowledge.
Secondly, the way of writing is also important.
A good title, some good ideas to support thesis statement, right language and standard format are what we need.
The language style is something that we should pay much attention to, for example:
Wording: we prefer big word to small one;
Sentence: Long sentences are quite expectable.
How do we write a thesis? How many steps should we follow?
Generally speaking, when we write a thesis, we follow 10 steps:
1. Choose a subject: that is, what you are going to
write about. For English major, we may apply:
2. Choose a title/Title a paper;
3. Collect materials for reference in writing;
4. Analyze the collected materials;
5. Sort out the data and arguments;
6. List references;
7. Make up an outline;
8. 1—3 drafts;
9. Proofread;
10. The last version.
What subjects may we choose to write?
English and American Literature
The Practice and Theory of Translation
English Language
English Linguistics
English Grammar
English Phonetics
English Lexicology
English Rhetoric
Language and Culture
ELT Methodology
Teaching English in Middle School
English Teaching Research and Survey
The History of… (All mentioned above)
Chapter 2 Subject and Title
How to Choose a Suitable Subject
Whenever you plan and write a paper, you should keep these questions in mind:
What is my subject and what do I know about it?
Choose a subject that you care about and know about (or can find out about).
Who is my audience?
What you say about your subject depends greatly on who reads it. You must choose a subject that will interest your audience and try to present it interestingly.
What is my purpose?
You always communicate for a purpose—either to inform, to persuade, or to entertain.
What must You Write in a Thesis?
In the limited space of a thesis, you can’t say everything, so you must settle on the most important, most relevant, and most interesting.
Factors Influencing the Choice:
There are several factors which will influence your decision on which subject you are going to write about:
Interest
Experience
Science value
Ability
Scope of knowledge
Purpose…
How to Get a Title?
We have two ways to get a title:
Given by teachers
Designed by yourself
They both have their advantages. For the former, you will have a definite direction to guide you to the end, while, for the latter, it can be more flexible for you and everything depends on yourself.
What Is a Good Title?
A good title, usually created after some paragraphs or a theme is written, does two things:
1. It suggests what the subject of the thesis will be;
2. It sparks the reader’s interest
Some Basic Kinds of Titles
No-nonsense descriptive title: E.g.:
Advantages and Disadvantages of Multimedia Teaching
Two-part titles E.g.:
Sugar: The Hidden Drug
Rhetorical question. Then answer the question in your theme. E.g.:
What can be done about CET-4?
Some Basic Kinds of Titles
Relate the title to the method of development used :
Descriptive: Portrait of a Teacher
Illustration: Three Roles I Play
Comparison: Crazy English: The New All
Physical Response Approach
Contrast: Pleasures and Problems of Owning
a Computer
Definition: A Definition of CLT
Persuasion: The Need for Discipline in
University
Classification: Three Types of Education
Process: How to Teach Young Children
English
How long should a title usually be?
A title is usually four to five words long and is rarely an entire sentence. (1—10 words is more practical.)
Notice:We can’t write anything with the title “On…”, because this small “on” is too big for us.
Notice:The title is centered on the page above the body of the thesis and separated from it by one inch.
A puzzle
What is “make a fuss over a trifle”?
That is a principle for us when we write a thesis: Write as much as possible on a small title. When we write a thesis, we must make a full consideration of whether the possibility to choose a
“big” or a “small” topic comparatively.
Disadvantages for a “Big” Topic
A big topic needs collecting more materials. So it is more difficult for beginners.
Hard to control. If there are too many sides in a thesis for us to make clear, the chance to be successful is very slim.
Hard to make clear about the statement within limited words (about 6000 words). Everything will stay on the surface.
Time problem (2-3months)
Notice
Remember: to see a student’s standard of writing isn’t by how “big” his or her topic is, but by his or her ability to find problems, analyze problems and solve problems.
Titling
Commonly, we can divide titling into four levels, for example:
Subject: ELT Methodology
Limited subject: Modern English
Teaching Methods
Initial topic: CLT : A Modern
Teaching Method
Topic: CLT in Grammar Teaching
Assignment
Choose a subject that you would be likely to write about and try to title your paper.
Consideration:
When we make a title of a thesis, what factors should we consider?
Chapters 3 Materials and References
How to collect materials?
Collect ample materials
Collect the original or first-hand materials
Collecting materials is a process, a process of researching
Notice
We should also be careful with the following points:
1) It is wrong and impossible to try collecting all the materials that have little to do with what you are writing.
It is most important of all to collect
the most important and most typical materials that you need.
2)Don’t be afraid that you can’t collect enough materials.
You can get materials by many channels:
A. Library
B. Reading room
C. Internet
D. Bookstore
E. Teachers
F. Friends
3) Understand your materials completely and make good use of the materials. Don’t cut the meanings in the materials into broken pieces without any relations.
4) Not only collect the materials that support your arguments, but also collect the materials that don’t support your arguments. Only in this way can your writing be proved to be scientific, and your arguments can hold water.
What should we write down when we collect and read materials?
While we are collecting and reading materials, try to form the habit of taking notes, including: the author, title, edition, press, publishing place and time, page, etc. for a book; magazine, volume, page, author, title and publishing place and time for a magazine, or else.
A Puzzle剪刀+糨糊=?
“The Scissors--paste Trick” is a very popular way among some people
to produce papers.
Notice:After we’ve got enough materials, we should sort out and analyze the materials carefully and consider whether what you are going to write
about is scientific and valuable or not, and whether it is possible for you to write yours, and then you may decide the title of your thesis after you have read enough materials and decided on the theme. Now it will be clear what you are going to write about and next is to read for the arguments to support your statement.
References参考书目
Bolinger, D. L. Interrogative Structures of American English [M]. Alabama: The University of Alabama Press.
Eckman, F.1977. Markedness and the contrastive analysis hypothesis [J]. Language Learning 27: 315-330.
Weber, E. 1993. Varieties of Questions in English Conversation [M]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
刘月华,1988,语调是非句[J],《语言教学与研究》第二期。
张南峰,1990,认真为上[A],载《王尔德戏剧选》[C]。福建:海峡文艺出版社。
(Adopted from Foreign Language Teaching and
Research: 2/2004, Page 143)
Chapter 4 Shape an Outline
All the process in which we have taken great efforts to collect materials is to “write”.
What should we do first before we begin writing?
Make up an outline
Shape a Framework
In this stage, we should make a framework first:
That is to decide from which sides to write and how many parts we are going to write, and how many smaller parts are going to be written in each part. The key is to use the logical way to make each part organize together and each of them can’t be reversed and each of them can’t be cut off, and each part should be entered on the theme.
Write an Outline
make an outline: That is to write out the framework. Generally speaking, an outline contains three levels:
----------------------------------------------------
Title
Introduction → 1-2 paragraphs
↗ Part 1 → facts and details
Body → Part 2 → facts and details
↘ Part 3 → facts and details
Conclusion → 1-2 paragraphs
-------------------------------------------------------
More about Outline
In the body, we can also illustrate as below:
-----------------------------------------------------
↗Argument → facts and details
Theme → Argument → facts and details
↘Argument → facts and details
------------------------------------------------------
Why is it necessary to write an outline before we write a thesis?
It can help the writer:
combine the separate materials into a whole body and consider the logical relationship of the materials
find out what the writer still don’t know clearly about and what materials are still needed to collect and to think about.
decide which materials will be used and which materials will be left out.
Which is better, a brief outline, or a detailed outline?
The more detailed the outline is, the easier the writing could be controlled.
So, sometimes, a good outline is made up of all of the topic sentences of each part.
Deductive Method & Inductive Method
What is deductive method and what is inductive method?
Remember to make good use of the two methods to develop the process of raising arguments in thesis writing to make the statement more logically and persuasive.
Deductive method: Arguments before facts
Inductive method: Facts before arguments
Chapter 5 The First Draft
Is it good to write the first draft fast or slowly? Suggestion:
Write it fast
Make the trains of thought clearly
Arrange details and generality properly
Make a clear and exact statement, not in the topic but all through the thesis
Set forth your statement in the instruction directly
Use direct quotations properly
Put it aside for one or two days
Write a sound conclusion
Proper Use of Space
Arrange the space in the first draft properly
Leave enough space between lines so that you can add content.
Stick or paste your notes or valuable materials in the empty space between lines, if possible.
Leave enough margins to write down “the original place and the author” of the materials
Chapter 6
Quotation, Instruction and Conclusion
Quotation
It is not good to use so many direct quotations in your writing. And we mainly have two ways to quote something to help us to support our statement.
Direct Quotation:
Sayings
Proverbs
Anecdotes
Illustrations
Indirect quotation Use what others say in your own words to support your statement.
Introduction
Where should we place the thesis statement in the instruction?
At the beginning
At the end
Functions of Introduction
An introduction has two functions
目 录
第一章 可行性研究报告概述 1
1.1项目名称 1
1.2项目承担单位 1
1.3项目建设地点 1
1.4可研报告编制单位 1
1.5项目概述及主要经济技术指标 1
第二章 编制目的、依据、原则和范围 5
2.1编制目的 5
2.2编制依据 5
2.3编制原则 5
2.4可行性研究的范围 6
第三章 建设的必要性 7
3.1符合国家“十一五”规划纲要和循环经济要求 7
3.2环境保护和节能降耗的需要 8
3.3企业可持续发展的需要 9
第四章 项目建设条件 10
4.1主体工程概况 10
4.2厂址选择 12
4.3公用设施及社会依托条件 12
第五章 改造规模与产品方案 15
5.1改造规模 15
5.2生产方案 15
第六章 生产设备节电技改方案 16
6.1企业能耗现状分析 16
6.2改造设备运行参数 16
6.3技术方案、设备方案 17
6.4项目建议改造方案 22
6.5消耗定额 25
6.6小结 25
第七章 项目实施机构和项目法人 28
7.1项目实施机构 28
7.2项目法人 28
第八章 环境保护 28
第八章 环境保护 29
第九章 社会经济效益 31
9.1环境效益 31
9.2社会效益 31
第十章 节约和合理利用能源 33
10.1节能依据及标准 33
10.2节能设计原则 33
10.3能耗分析 33
10.4节能措施及节能效果分析 34
第十一章 环境安全与劳动保护 35
11.1安全 35
11.2劳动保护 36
第十二章 生产管理与人员编制 38
12.1生产管理 38
12.2人员编制 38
第十三章 项目实施进度 39
13.1 建设工期 39
13.2 项目实施时期各阶段进度建议 39
第十四章 项目招标方案 41
第十五章 投资估算及资金筹措 42
15.1投资估算 42
15.2资金筹措 43
第十六章 经济评价 44
16.1项目周期 44
16.2成本参数 44
16.3损益类参数 44
16.4经济评价结果 45
第十七章 结论 47
17.1结论意见及总的评价、存在的问题和建议 47
展开阅读全文