写作辅导--english-thesis-writing.doc

英语毕业论文写作辅导：EnglishThesisWritingChapter1BasicKnowledgeforThesisWritingWhyshouldwewritethethesis?Towriteathesisbeforegraduationisamustforeveryuniversitygraduate.Bywritingathesis,wemaygetsomeexperienceandsomebasicmethodsforfurthertheoreticalstudyandresearchandtheabilitytosolveproblems.Itisthereflectionofastudentsstudyincollege.Whetherastudenthassuchanabilitytowriteathesisortosolveproblemsinhis/herfieldisonebasisforaunittoaccepthim/herornot.Howlongshouldweprepareforwritingathesis?OneyearorsoWhatdoweneedwhenwewriteathesis?Firstly,forEnglishmajor,mostimportantofall,itisEnglishknowledgeandabilitythatbasedonyourlanguageskills,especiallywritingskillandgrammarknowledge.Secondly,thewayofwritingisalsoimportant.Agoodtitle,somegoodideastosupportthesisstatement,rightlanguageandstandardformatarewhatweneed.Thelanguagestyleissomethingthatweshouldpaymuchattentionto,forexample:Wording:wepreferbigwordtosmallone;Sentence:Longsentencesarequiteexpectable.Howdowewriteathesis?Howmanystepsshouldwefollow?Generallyspeaking,whenwewriteathesis,wefollow10steps:1.Chooseasubject:thatis,whatyouaregoingtowriteabout.ForEnglishmajor,wemayapply:2.Chooseatitle/Titleapaper;3.Collectmaterialsforreferenceinwriting;4.Analyzethecollectedmaterials;5.Sortoutthedataandarguments;6.Listreferences;7.Makeupanoutline;8.13drafts;9.Proofread;10.Thelastversion.Whatsubjectsmaywechoosetowrite?EnglishandAmericanLiteratureThePracticeandTheoryofTranslationEnglishLanguageEnglishLinguisticsEnglishGrammarEnglishPhoneticsEnglishLexicologyEnglishRhetoricLanguageandCultureELTMethodologyTeachingEnglishinMiddleSchoolEnglishTeachingResearchandSurveyTheHistoryof(Allmentionedabove)Chapter2SubjectandTitleHowtoChooseaSuitableSubjectWheneveryouplanandwriteapaper,youshouldkeepthesequestionsinmind:WhatismysubjectandwhatdoIknowaboutit?Chooseasubjectthatyoucareaboutandknowabout(orcanfindoutabout).Whoismyaudience?Whatyousayaboutyoursubjectdependsgreatlyonwhoreadsit.Youmustchooseasubjectthatwillinterestyouraudienceandtrytopresentitinterestingly.Whatismypurpose?Youalwayscommunicateforapurposeeithertoinform,topersuade,ortoentertain.WhatmustYouWriteinaThesis?Inthelimitedspaceofathesis,youcantsayeverything,soyoumustsettleonthemostimportant,mostrelevant,andmostinteresting.FactorsInfluencingtheChoice:Thereareseveralfactorswhichwillinfluenceyourdecisiononwhichsubjectyouaregoingtowriteabout:InterestExperienceSciencevalueAbilityScopeofknowledgePurposeHowtoGetaTitle?Wehavetwowaystogetatitle:GivenbyteachersDesignedbyyourselfTheybothhavetheiradvantages.Fortheformer,youwillhaveadefinitedirectiontoguideyoutotheend,while,forthelatter,itcanbemoreflexibleforyouandeverythingdependsonyourself.WhatIsaGoodTitle?Agoodtitle,usuallycreatedaftersomeparagraphsorathemeiswritten,doestwothings:1.Itsuggestswhatthesubjectofthethesiswillbe;2.ItsparksthereadersinterestSomeBasicKindsofTitlesNo-nonsensedescriptivetitle:E.g.:AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofMultimediaTeachingTwo-parttitlesE.g.:Sugar:TheHiddenDrugRhetoricalquestion.Thenanswerthequestioninyourtheme.E.g.:WhatcanbedoneaboutCET-4?SomeBasicKindsofTitlesRelatethetitletothemethodofdevelopmentused:Descriptive:PortraitofaTeacherIllustration:ThreeRolesIPlayComparison:CrazyEnglish:TheNewAllPhysicalResponseApproachContrast:PleasuresandProblemsofOwningaComputerDefinition:ADefinitionofCLTPersuasion:TheNeedforDisciplineinUniversityClassification:ThreeTypesofEducationProcess:HowtoTeachYoungChildrenEnglishHowlongshouldatitleusuallybe?Atitleisusuallyfourtofivewordslongandisrarelyanentiresentence.(110wordsismorepractical.)Notice:Wecantwriteanythingwiththetitle“On”,becausethissmall“on”istoobigforus.Notice:Thetitleiscenteredonthepageabovethebodyofthethesisandseparatedfromitbyoneinch.ApuzzleWhatis“makeafussoveratrifle”?Thatisaprincipleforuswhenwewriteathesis:Writeasmuchaspossibleonasmalltitle.Whenwewriteathesis,wemustmakeafullconsiderationofwhetherthepossibilitytochoosea“big”ora“small”topiccomparatively.Disadvantagesfora“Big”TopicAbigtopicneedscollectingmorematerials.Soitismoredifficultforbeginners.Hardtocontrol.Iftherearetoomanysidesinathesisforustomakeclear,thechancetobesuccessfulisveryslim.Hardtomakeclearaboutthestatementwithinlimitedwords(about6000words).Everythingwillstayonthesurface.Timeproblem(2-3months)NoticeRemember:toseeastudentsstandardofwritingisntbyhow“big”hisorhertopicis,butbyhisorherabilitytofindproblems,analyzeproblemsandsolveproblems.TitlingCommonly,wecandividetitlingintofourlevels,forexample:Subject:ELTMethodologyLimitedsubject:ModernEnglishTeachingMethodsInitialtopic:CLT:AModernTeachingMethodTopic:CLTinGrammarTeachingAssignmentChooseasubjectthatyouwouldbelikelytowriteaboutandtrytotitleyourpaper.Consideration:Whenwemakeatitleofathesis,whatfactorsshouldweconsider?Chapters3MaterialsandReferences Howtocollectmaterials?CollectamplematerialsCollecttheoriginalorfirst-handmaterialsCollectingmaterialsisaprocess,aprocessofresearchingNoticeWeshouldalsobecarefulwiththefollowingpoints:1)Itiswrongandimpossibletotrycollectingallthematerialsthathavelittletodowithwhatyouarewriting.Itismostimportantofalltocollectthemostimportantandmosttypicalmaterialsthatyouneed.2)Dontbeafraidthatyoucantcollectenoughmaterials.Youcangetmaterialsbymanychannels:A.LibraryB.ReadingroomC.InternetD.BookstoreE.TeachersF.Friends3)Understandyourmaterialscompletelyandmakegooduseofthematerials.Dontcutthemeaningsinthematerialsintobrokenpieceswithoutanyrelations.4)Notonlycollectthematerialsthatsupportyourarguments,butalsocollectthematerialsthatdontsupportyourarguments.Onlyinthiswaycanyourwritingbeprovedtobescientific,andyourargumentscanholdwater.Whatshouldwewritedownwhenwecollectandreadmaterials?Whilewearecollectingandreadingmaterials,trytoformthehabitoftakingnotes,including:theauthor,title,edition,press,publishingplaceandtime,page,etc.forabook;magazine,volume,page,author,titleandpublishingplaceandtimeforamagazine,orelse.APuzzle剪刀+糨糊=?“TheScissors-pasteTrick”isaverypopularwayamongsomepeopletoproducepapers.Notice:Afterwevegotenoughmaterials,weshouldsortoutandanalyzethematerialscarefullyandconsiderwhetherwhatyouaregoingtowriteaboutisscientificandvaluableornot,andwhetheritispossibleforyoutowriteyours,andthenyoumaydecidethetitleofyourthesisafteryouhavereadenoughmaterialsanddecidedonthetheme.Nowitwillbeclearwhatyouaregoingtowriteaboutandnextistoreadfortheargumentstosupportyourstatement.References参考书目Bolinger,D.L.InterrogativeStructuresofAmericanEnglishM.Alabama:TheUniversityofAlabamaPress.Eckman,F.1977.MarkednessandthecontrastiveanalysishypothesisJ.LanguageLearning27:315-330.Weber,E.1993.VarietiesofQuestionsinEnglishConversationM.Amsterdam:JohnBenjamins.刘月华，1988，语调是非句J，语言教学与研究第二期。张南峰，1990，认真为上A，载王尔德戏剧选C。福建：海峡文艺出版社。(AdoptedfromForeignLanguageTeachingandResearch:2/2004,Page143)Chapter4ShapeanOutlineAlltheprocessinwhichwehavetakengreateffortstocollectmaterialsisto“write”.Whatshouldwedofirstbeforewebeginwriting?MakeupanoutlineShapeaFrameworkInthisstage,weshouldmakeaframeworkfirst:Thatistodecidefromwhichsidestowriteandhowmanypartswearegoingtowrite,andhowmanysmallerpartsaregoingtobewrittenineachpart.Thekeyistousethelogicalwaytomakeeachpartorganizetogetherandeachofthemcantbereversedandeachofthemcantbecutoff,andeachpartshouldbeenteredonthetheme.WriteanOutlinemakeanoutline:Thatistowriteouttheframework.Generallyspeaking,anoutlinecontainsthreelevels:-TitleIntroduction1-2paragraphsPart1factsanddetailsBodyPart2factsanddetailsPart3factsanddetailsConclusion1-2paragraphs-MoreaboutOutlineInthebody,wecanalsoillustrateasbelow:-ArgumentfactsanddetailsThemeArgumentfactsanddetailsArgumentfactsanddetails-Whyisitnecessarytowriteanoutlinebeforewewriteathesis?Itcanhelpthewriter:combinetheseparatematerialsintoawholebodyandconsiderthelogicalrelationshipofthematerialsfindoutwhatthewriterstilldontknowclearlyaboutandwhatmaterialsarestillneededtocollectandtothinkabout.decidewhichmaterialswillbeusedandwhichmaterialswillbeleftout.Whichisbetter,abriefoutline,oradetailedoutline?Themoredetailedtheoutlineis,theeasierthewritingcouldbecontrolled.So,sometimes,agoodoutlineismadeupofallofthetopicsentencesofeachpart.DeductiveMethod&InductiveMethodWhatisdeductivemethodandwhatisinductivemethod?Remembertomakegooduseofthetwomethodstodeveloptheprocessofraisingargumentsinthesiswritingtomakethestatementmorelogicallyandpersuasive.Deductivemethod:ArgumentsbeforefactsInductivemethod:FactsbeforeargumentsChapter5TheFirstDraft Isitgoodtowritethefirstdraftfastorslowly?Suggestion:WriteitfastMakethetrainsofthoughtclearlyArrangedetailsandgeneralityproperlyMakeaclearandexactstatement,notinthetopicbutallthroughthethesisSetforthyourstatementintheinstructiondirectlyUsedirectquotationsproperlyPutitasideforoneortwodaysWriteasoundconclusionProperUseofSpaceArrangethespaceinthefirstdraftproperlyLeaveenoughspacebetweenlinessothatyoucanaddcontent.Stickorpasteyournotesorvaluablematerialsintheemptyspacebetweenlines,ifpossible.Leaveenoughmarginstowritedown“theoriginalplaceandtheauthor”ofthematerialsChapter6Quotation,InstructionandConclusionQuotationItisnotgoodtousesomanydirectquotationsinyourwriting.Andwemainlyhavetwowaystoquotesomethingtohelpustosupportourstatement.DirectQuotation:SayingsProverbsAnecdotesIllustrationsIndirectquotationUsewhatotherssayinyourownwordstosupportyourstatement.IntroductionWhereshouldweplacethethesisstatementintheinstruction?AtthebeginningAttheendFunctionsofIntroductionAnintroductionhastwofunctions目录第一章 可行性研究报告概述11.1项目名称11.2项目承担单位11.3项目建设地点11.4可研报告编制单位11.5项目概述及主要经济技术指标1第二章 编制目的、依据、原则和范围52.1编制目的52.2编制依据52.3编制原则52.4可行性研究的范围6第三章 建设的必要性73.1符合国家“十一五”规划纲要和循环经济要求73.2环境保护和节能降耗的需要83.3企业可持续发展的需要9第四章 项目建设条件104.1主体工程概况104.2厂址选择124.3公用设施及社会依托条件12第五章 改造规模与产品方案155.1改造规模155.2生产方案15第六章 生产设备节电技改方案166.1企业能耗现状分析166.2改造设备运行参数166.3技术方案、设备方案176.4项目建议改造方案226.5消耗定额256.6小结25第七章 项目实施机构和项目法人287.1项目实施机构287.2项目法人28第八章 环境保护28第八章 环境保护29第九章 社会经济效益319.1环境效益319.2社会效益31第十章 节约和合理利用能源3310.1节能依据及标准3310.2节能设计原则3310.3能耗分析3310.4节能措施及节能效果分析34第十一章 环境安全与劳动保护3511.1安全3511.2劳动保护36第十二章 生产管理与人员编制3812.1生产管理3812.2人员编制38第十三章 项目实施进度3913.1 建设工期3913.2 项目实施时期各阶段进度建议39第十四章 项目招标方案41第十五章 投资估算及资金筹措4215.1投资估算4215.2资金筹措43第十六章 经济评价4416.1项目周期4416.2成本参数4416.3损益类参数4416.4经济评价结果45第十七章 结论4717.1结论意见及总的评价、存在的问题和建议47