1、 Clinical Journal of Chinese Medicine 2023 Vol.(15)No.23-30-基于“母病及子”理论治疗脾胃虚寒型不孕Treatment of spleen and stomach deficiency cold type of infertility based on the theory of mother-organ disorder involving its child-organ文娅萍1 张小花2*(1.甘肃中医药大学,甘肃 兰州,730000;2.甘肃中医药大学附属医院,甘肃 兰州,730000)中图分类号:R271.14 文献标识码:A
2、文章编号:1674-7860(2023)23-0030-04 证型:DGB【摘 要】不孕症是由多种原因导致的生殖障碍性疾病,是关系育龄妇女生殖健康重大事件,不仅影响女性心理健康,还会影响家庭生活。在当前社会快速发展的前提下,受各种因素影响,女性不孕症患者的患病率呈逐年增加趋势,而且随着中国“三胎政策”的开放,生育需求已成为国家推动力,解决不孕现状已成为国内外医学研究的重大课题。西医目前对此病的治疗主要是诱导排卵和依赖现代辅助生殖技术等,效果虽显著,但在治疗后易复发。文章着重介绍该病之脾胃虚寒证型,中医辨证该病主要责之于心肾及脾胃之脏,傅青主认为“母病及子”是治疗该病的重要着手点,文章从此理论出
3、发,介绍不孕症脾胃虚寒证型的主要治疗思路是补心肾二经之火、温养脾胃两腑之阳,在补火助阳中介绍了重心肾、调周期以使心肾二经火旺,胞宫温煦,助孕有效,并介绍了夏桂成教授在心肾理论指导下,以“镇、清、养、舒”治心四法调整月经周期,使患者自身阴阳调和,经侯如常,增加妊娠成功概率。在温阳助孕中介绍了要固护脾胃先天之本,重视脾胃、带脉之联系,使先后天之精充足,并在遣方用药上加以调补脾胃之品,另投以固护带脉之药,使脾胃健,冲任带之脉调畅,自能受孕成功。文章主要探讨心肾二脏在脾胃虚寒型不孕的临床诊疗当中的应用,以期为临床用药提供诊疗思路。【关键词】母病及子;脾胃虚寒型不孕;不孕【Abstract】nferti
4、lity is a reproductive disorder caused by a variety of reasons,is a major event related to reproductive health of women of childbearing age,not only affects womens mental health,but also affects family life.Under the premise of the rapid development of the current society,affected by various factors
5、,the prevalence rate of female infertility patients has been increasing year by year.Moreover,with the opening of Chinas three-child policy,fertility demand has become the driving force of the country,and solving the current situation of infertility has become a major topic of medical research at ho
6、me and abroad.At present,the treatment of this disease in Western medicine is mainly to induce ovulation and rely on modern assisted reproductive technology,although the effect is significant,but it is easy to relapse after treatment.This paper focuses on the syndrome type of spleen and stomach defi
7、ciency cold,which is mainly blamed on the heart and kidney and the viscera of the spleen and stomach in TCM differentiation of the disease.Fu Qingzhu believes that disorder of thechild-organ treating the mother-organ is an important starting point for the treatment of the disease.Starting from this
8、theory,the main treatment idea of the syndrome type of spleen and stomach deficiency cold in infertility is to tonify the fire of the two channels of the heart and kidney,warm and nourish the Yang(阳)of the spleen and stomach.In tonifying fire and assisting Yang,the center of gravity kidney and regul
9、ating cycle are introduced to make the heart and kidney two channels fire,the cell palace warm,and help pregnancy effective.Under the guidance of Professor Xia Guichengs heart and kidney theory,the menstrual cycle is adjusted by Zhen(镇),Qing(清),Yang(养)and Shu(舒)to cure the heart,so that patients can
10、 reconcile Yin(阴)and Yang,menstruation is normal,and the probability of pregnancy success is increased.In warming Yang to assist pregnancy,it is introduced to strengthen the innate nature of spleen and stomach,pay attention to the relationship between spleen and stomach and belt pulse,so that the es
11、sence is sufficient in successive days,and to regulate the spleen and stomach on the prescription of medicine,and to strengthen the medicine of belt pulse,so that the spleen and stomach are healthy,the pulse of Chongren belt(冲任带)is smooth,and the pregnancy can be successful.This paper mainly discuss
12、es the application of the two viscera of heart and kidney in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of spleen-stomach asthenic cold type infertility,in order to provide the diagnosis and treatment ideas for clinical drug use.【Keywords】The theory of mother-organ disorder involving its child-organ;Splee
13、n and stomach deficiency cold type infertility;Infertilitydoi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7860.2023.23.006不孕症是指夫妻双方无避孕性生活至少 1 年以上而未受孕1。研究表明,我国不孕症的发病率为10%12%,随着现代社会社会经济的发展,人们生活节奏加快,不孕症的发病率越来越高2。脾胃虚寒型不孕亦称为阳虚型不孕,尤其是西北高海拔地区,由于其地势高,氧气较稀薄,气候较南方潮湿之地稍为寒冷,发病更为多见,已然成为困扰育龄期女性不孕的原因之一。现代医学认为,本病的发生主要与各ICJCM 中医临床研究 2023 年
14、第 15 卷 第 23 期 -31-种妇科炎症治疗不及时导致输卵管伞端闭锁或输卵管黏膜损害、盆腔粘连后造成输卵管、盆腔结构和功能的损害,子宫、卵巢病变及生殖道发育畸形等多种原因均关系密切3。目前主要依靠促排卵药物干预卵泡的成熟及微创手术和辅助生殖技术帮助患者受孕。尽管有越来越多的患者通过现代医学的治疗方法解决不孕之痛4-5,但病情复杂者需经手术及辅助生殖技术帮助受孕,长期不孕状态不仅治疗花费高,而且使患者的身体和心理都遭受着巨大的压力,可见不孕症仍是世界的一大医学难题。本病证型当属中医学“脾胃虚寒型不孕”范畴,傅青主女科:“妇人有素性恬淡,饮食少则舒,多则难受,或作呕作泄,胸膈胀满,迟不受孕,
15、此为脾胃之虚寒,原因心肾之虚寒耳。心肾之火衰,则脾胃失生化之权,则水谷精微无以化生,自无津液以灌溉于胞胎之中。”即心肾亏虚,脏腑功能紊乱,气血阴阳失衡,发为不孕。1 心肾、脾胃与“母病及子”中医理论的核心是阴阳五行学说,母病及子理论是其中重要的一部分,脾胃之病,其母在心肾,脾胃为子,正如黄帝内经:“心主火属阳,肾主水属阴,脾主湿,胃主燥。”及“心脾主升浮,胃肾主沉降”,心火升脾土,肾火化胃土脾土,后天脾胃消化吸收的营养全都依靠先天心肾之阳气才能腐熟,心肾阳气旺盛,脾胃的消化吸收能力也强盛,由此可见,温补心肾,固护先天之本,则脾胃得安6。“母病及子”理论在傅青主女科里主要用于指导治疗脾胃虚寒型不
16、孕,如“肾水之化,实有关于心脾”,脾胃虚寒,生化乏源,胞胎失养,带脉无力,孕育无能。“然脾之母原在肾之命门,胃之母原在心之包络”及“心火生胃土,肾火化脾土”,先天心肾阳虚又引起后天脾胃虚寒,日久发为阳虚体质而不孕。可知“脾胃虚寒,本源在心肾之虚寒”,故虚则补其母,欲温脾胃之虚寒,必须补心肾二经之火,此乃母病及子7。2“母病及子”与脾胃虚寒型不孕2.1 胃土为心火所生黄帝外经微言:“岐伯曰:脾,阴土也;胃,阳土也。阴土逢火则生,阳土生于君火。此君火者,为心火也。”可见其胃土与心火为相生关系,校注妇人良方:“妇人不孕,亦有六淫七情之邪又有脾胃虚损不能营养冲任也。”由此可见,脾胃功能正常与否在导致妇
17、人不孕症中有重要参与作用,名医杂着医论:“脾胃之气,虽充于脾胃之中,实生于两肾之内。”是为后天寓于先天之中之意,先天之火旺盛,则后天之土自安,另外,在五行中,脾胃与心属子母关系,胃络通心,若心中阳气不足,心火不旺则中焦无以温暖,脾土难安,致使脾胃虚寒,运化失利,此为妇女“胸满少食不孕”的核心病机。2.2 脾土为肾火所化辨证录:“人非火不生,而火非心火乃肾火也。肾火旺,而脾土自可运用于无穷,肾火衰,而脾土难转输于不息。故肾寒而脾亦寒,脾寒而身即不能运动耳。”正如傅氏所言“脾之母,原在肾之命门”。脾虚则不运,水谷精微化源乏力,脾土不旺,则累及命门之火衰微,肾虚化源乏力,无以摄精成孕。又如张聿青医案
18、:“脾胃之腐化,尤赖于肾,真阳蒸变,炉薪不熄,釜戚方成。”脾肾之功在于先后天之互资互用,相互依存,人体内水谷精微的流动得益于肾阳的温煦蒸腾,若肾阳不足,久则累及肾阴,肾水枯竭,无法涵养木,五行关系随之发生转换则木旺克土,甚及侮土,可使脾虚胃弱,运化失健。五行之中,脾属土,土位居中,运化水谷精微,化万物,灌四方,肾中精气亦依赖于脾胃的充养以育胎。肾火衰微则脾土不化,脾土不健使后天水谷精微无以冲养冲任胞宫,则致不孕。3 脾胃虚寒型不孕的治疗傅山(字青主)认为中焦阳虚、腐熟无力、运化失司与心肾阳虚关系密切,他写到“盖心火生胃土,肾火化脾土,此为定理。心肾之火衰,则脾胃生化无权,水谷精微难化”。肾中命
19、门之火为脾土阳气之母,心包络之火为胃阳之母,若要使脾胃健,阳气充足,治法除温脾暖胃外,仍需从五行母子相生的角度考虑,补心肾二经之火,以使母旺而子气亦旺。因此,临床上治疗脾胃阳虚型不孕者,当从补命门心包之火、温养脾胃之阳为主要治法8-9。3.1 重心肾、调周期以补火助孕火生土,君火生阳土,相火生阴土。赵献可在医贯中提出:“阳明胃土随少阴心火而生,故补胃土者,补心火太阴脾土,随少阳相火而生,故补脾土者,必补相火。”唯有真水上济,真火上煦,脾胃之气方能升降相宜。治疗中,应以先天之本“肾”为关键点,使肾中水火并济,至阳之气得升,因此临床上应予肉桂、附子等药性温热之品,使心火旺盛,则肾阳渐升10-11。
20、另外,南宋许叔微在普济本事方二神丸条中说道:“肾气虚,则真元衰,饮食水谷难消,譬如鼎釜之中,置诸米谷,下火无力,维终日米不熟,其何能化。”因此,治疗脾胃虚寒型不孕时还可投以温肾益精之药,如巴戟天、山茱萸,使心火温肾阳,肾阳壮肾精,心肾二经之火旺,胞宫得以温煦,可自然受孕。现代医学也认为补心肾药物如山药、白术等具有抗自由基、抗缺氧,Clinical Journal of Chinese Medicine 2023 Vol.(15)No.23-32-以及兴奋子宫功能、消炎止血等作用,能调节患者的免疫功能,促进妊娠成功。12另外,国医大师夏桂成教授治疗不孕症时同样重视心肾的作用,提出以调“心”为主、
21、补“肾”为基的方法,通过“镇、清、养、舒”治心四法联合“补肾调周”,通过运用自拟方补肾助阳汤,揭示“调心补肾”法在治疗不孕症时的优势之处13。清代医家叶桂(字天士)亦总结“冲任隶于阳明”“夫冲任血海,皆属阳明主司”,脾胃为气血生化之源,脾胃气虚则任冲失养;另外,月经周期的正常是孕育的重要基础。朱震亨(号丹溪)提出:“求子之道,莫若调经。”明代医家万全在万氏妇人科种子章亦指出:“女子不孕,多由经候不调所致,药饵之辅,不可缓治。若不调其经候而治,是为徒治,调经为女子种子紧要也。”因此,在临床治疗不孕之症时,调经应得到重视。故借夏桂成教授之意,在临床上当注重患者的月经周期阴阳气血的变化,14分期辨治
22、,在行经期,以通为主,当投以活血之品如当归等;经后期以补益冲任,兼以滋阴养血,多以黄精、何首乌为佳;经间期当应用王不留行、益母草等药促进卵泡排出;经前期是阴阳转化之期,故当应用续断、生地黄等温补肾阳之品,使阴阳调和,经侯如常,自能孕育。3.2 补脾胃、固带脉以温阳助孕肾主水,蒸腾气化水液,升腾于脾胃,上至心肺到达脏腑,以滋补润泽,脾胃之气可升不可降,失其运化,则胸膈满闷,不思饮食,甚则不孕。傅青主也提出补肾同时应加入补脾胃一类,脾胃之气充沛,方可使肾气化生之水液上行。临床上应当以人参、黄芪之类补气健脾,脾胃健则气血升,精血亦生,是故补脾胃之气与血,即补肾之精与血,阴精自足,阳气易升,又可加用熟
23、地黄、山茱萸、枸杞等以补肾之阳精,巴戟天补肾壮阳,阳得阴助而生化无穷,是故补气助阳法也15。现代药理学研究表明,当归中含有的当归多糖成分能刺激造血干细胞的增殖与分化,提升三系血细胞的数量,促进造血功能,16因此在临床上治疗本病时可适当加入当归,促进血生,血生则气生,气血生则脾胃健,则阳气自足,故能受孕。傅山有言:“脾胃运化失权,水谷精微不充,必致带脉无力,则胎无所固。”难经二十八难指出:“带脉者,起于季胁,回身一周。”冲为血海,任主胞宫,督脉是阳脉之会,冲任督三脉,皆络带脉,带脉与脾胃相接,在腹中与气街相连,唐容川有云:“带脉出于肾中,以周行脾位,由先天之肾交于后天之脾。”说明后天脾胃冲养带脉
24、,脾胃气血不足,致腰脐循环之气不利,故带脉拘急,胎失其固,故当大补脾胃之气血,在遣方用药上多加入白术、香附等益气健脾之品以补脾气、利腰脐,巴戟天、补骨脂、杜仲、熟地黄以温通冲任督三脉,五味子、芍药兼顾脾肾,使肾精上济脾胃之阳,使气血充足,脾胃健则带脉调畅,先后天之气充足,心肾二经之火得益于先后天调养得当而充足,自能孕育17。4 小 结脾胃虚寒型不孕的核心病机是心肾虚寒,“脾之母原在肾之命门,胃之母原在心之包络”,脾肾两脏分别为人之先后天之本,脾主运化水谷,水谷消化吸收得当则后天之气充沛,荣养脏腑经络。脾统血,直接为胞宫提供物质基础;肾藏精而主温化,水谷精微须经肾之封藏而蕴于体内,胞胎则经肾之温
25、化而生,脾气统摄有权则血行其道,肾气封藏有权则精气自盛,脾肾相资,先后天相互补养,脾肾健旺温养胞宫而助孕;心主火,为血脉之本,心火经脾胃之气的运化将饮食水谷化为水谷精微之物,水谷精微一方面进入血脉,另一方面经心阴的牵制下行温肾,为孕育胞胎而准备,故治疗当以补心肾二经之火、温养脾胃两腑之阳。目前中医对此证型的不孕症研究尚少,文章为临床治疗脾胃虚寒型不孕提供了新思路。参考文献:1吴燕君,江晓东.诸病源候论不孕症相关病因病机浅析J.中国中医药现代远程教育,2014,12(11):6-7.2冯建华.中医药治疗不孕不育症经验介绍J.中国医药科学,2022,12(9):98-102,130.3张云.中医治
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28、,支春妹.二仙汤合甘麦大枣汤辅助激素替代疗法治疗围绝经期综合征的临床观察J.中国民间疗法,2021,29(24):66-68.15屈丽媛,赵文娟,魏绍斌.傅青主女科种子治脾学术思想浅谈J.湖南中医杂志,2016,32(4):145-146.16马艳春,吴文轩,胡建辉,等.当归的化学成分及药理作用研究进展J.中医药学报,2022,50(1):111-114.17安洁.“利脐腰,宽达脉络”论治不孕J.江苏中医药,2017,49(10):16-17.作者简介:文娅萍(1997),女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为中医药对女性神经内分泌调控的研究。张小花,通讯作者,女,硕士研究生导师,研究方向为中医药对女
29、性神经内分泌调控的研究。编辑:弓良彦 编号:EA-4220705057(修回:2023-07-12)褚玉霞教授治疗脾肾亏虚型经期延长经验Professor CHU Yuxias experience in treating prolonged menstruation of spleen and kidney deficiency type张荣辉1 李 岩2*(1.河南中医药大学,河南 郑州,450002;2.河南省中医院,河南 郑州,450002)中图分类号:R271.11+1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-7860(2023)23-0033-05 【摘 要】经期延长是临床上常见的妇科
30、疾病。文章将褚玉霞教授针对脾肾亏虚型经期延长的临证经验进行总结。褚玉霞教授认为该型经期延长根在脾与肾两个脏器,这不仅沿袭了中国古代医家“以肾为本”的思想,还将肾细化为肾精与肾气,又将肾气分为肾阴与肾阳,从多个层面详述了肾脏之于月事的重要性。女性月经的主要成分为血,因此,褚玉霞教授指出,血为妇人之本,而脾又为气血生化之源,对于月事的关键性不言而喻。因此,褚玉霞教授认为脾肾亏虚型经期延长是气血同病,其本在脾肾两虚,应以脾肾亏虚、冲任不固为主,治疗上应以健脾补肾、固冲调经为主,遣方用药也向其靠拢。首要原则为以肾为本,以脾为要,除此之外,要做到“急则治其标,缓则治其本”,血量较多应以止血为要,一旦血量
31、减少应立即审证求因,辨证施治,治其根本。另外,处于不同阶段的女性出现这种症状应采取不同的治疗方法,侧重的脏器也因此有所不同。褚玉霞教授指出,节气与五味对疾病的发展也有一定影响,用药时也应兼顾,不应忽视。褚玉霞教授熟读经典古籍,善于汲取前人经验,又有自己的创新发展,在遣方用药上极其灵活多变,从不拘泥于一方一药,将中药内服与中医外治巧妙结合,由此在临床工作中取得了极佳的治疗效果。【关键词】经期延长;脾肾亏虚;临床经验【Abstract】rolonged menstruation is a common gynecological condition in clinical practice.Thi
32、s article will summarize Professor CHU Yuxias clinical experience in prolongation of menstrual period with spleen and kidney deficiency.Professor CHU Yuxia believes that this type of menstrual prolongation is rooted in the two organs of the spleen and kidney,which not only follows the ancient TCM do
33、ctors kidney-based thinking,but also refines the kidney into kidney essence and kidney Qi(气),and divides kidney Qi into kidney Yin(阴)and kidney Yang(阳),detailing the importance of kidneys in menstrual affairs from multiple levels.The main component of womens menstruation is blood,so Professor CHU Yu
34、xia pointed out that blood is the foundation of women,and the spleen is the source of Qi and blood biochemistry,which is self-evident for the criticality of menstruation.Therefore,Professor CHU Yuxia believes that the prolongation of menstrual period with spleen and kidney deficiency deficiency is t
35、he same disease of Qi and blood,which is originally in the spleen and kidney deficiency,and should be based on spleen and kidney deficiency,Chongren (冲任)not solid,and the treatment should be based on strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney,Guchong Tiaojing(固冲调经),and the prescription medica
36、tion is also closer to it.The first principle is to take the kidney as the foundation,take the spleen as the key,in addition,to achieve urgent to treat its symptoms,slow to cure its roots,more blood should be to stop bleeding as the key.Once the blood volume is reduced,should immediately examine the
37、 cause,dialectical treatment,cure its root.In addition,women at different stages should be treated differently for this symptom,focusing on different organs.Professor CHU Yuxia pointed out that solar terms and five flavors also have a certain impact on the development of diseases,and should also be
38、taken into account when using medicine,and should not be ignored.Professor CHU Yuxia is familiar with classic ancient books,good at learning from the experience of predecessors,and has her own innovative development,and is extremely flexible in the use of prescriptions,never sticking to one side of one medicine,and skillfully combining internal administration of TCM medicine with external treatment of TCM,thus achieving excellent therapeutic results in clinical work.【Keywords】Prolonged menstruation;Deficiency of spleen and kidney;Clinical experiencedoi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7860.2023.23.007P