全球环境展望2023重点报告（英）.pdf

GEO Highlights 2023UNLOCKING IMPACT THROUGH EARTH OBSERVATIONSGEO Highlights 20232GEO Highlights 2023 Editors Madeeha Bajwa,Wenbo Chu,Morgane Dackiw,Amber Kiwan,Sam Nuttall ContributorsSergio Albani,Samuel Amos,Joanna Balasis-Levinsen,Omar Barrilero,Pietro Elia Campana,Juan Sebastian Caas Silva,Julie Chamberlain,Jerome Chave,Adel Daoud,Felipe de Lucia Lobo,Iris Dion,Jean Dusart,Samuel Goma,Lela Gomersall,Xingfa Gu,Angelica Gutierrez,Thomas Harvey,Audrey Hasson,Wenjiang Huang,Mariko Kobayashi,Rui Kotani,Kristi Kozma,Anni Krger,Karina Larco,Richard Lawford,Jonas Lembrechts,Megan Lewis,Shunlin Liang,Jorge Luis Sanchez Lozano,Esther Makabe,Harada Mariko,Nosiseko Mashiyi,Katie Millette,Budiman Minasny,Mamoru Miyakawa,Charles Mwangi,Maud Nale,Merrie Beth Neely,Jim Nelson,Phoebe Oduor,Nicoleta Panta,Lukas Pokorny,Gegar Prasetya,Felix Rembold,Jan Rene Larsen,Jose Miguel Rubio Iglesias,Paula Saameno,Stefano Salvi,Klaus Scipal,Tony Song,Liulin Song,Ingrid Teich,Dimosthenis Traganos,Sara Venturini,Huawei Wan,Guoqin Wang,Calvince Wara,Yasuhiro Watanabe,Arlene Young,Xiang Zhao,Jie Zhang,Madison ZieglerDesigner Susana Anto Group on Earth Observations,October 2023 Citation:GEO Highlights 2023,GEO Secretariat This material is published under CC-BY-4.0.This material can be shared and adapted,provided that GEO is credited,and changes to the original text are indicated.All information on the stories has been provided by the projects.Listed partners include stakeholders and donors associated with the featured stories,but may not encompass all the partners involved in the respective projects.The designations employed in GEO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of GEO concerning the legal status of any country,territory,city or area,or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.The mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by GEO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned or advertised.photo:Unsplash/Ezra Jeffrey ComeauGEO Highlights 20233TABLE OF CONTENTSMessage from Dr Mmboneni Muofhe,Lead Co-chair from South Africa.5 Message from Yana Gevorgyan,Secretariat Director.6GEO Work Programme in Numbers .7 Featured Impact 15-day flood forecast reduces costs by 40%in Malawi.9Unlocking REDD+payments to protect tropical forests.10Bridging data gaps for the global biodiversity framework.11The impact of conflict on agriculture production in Ukraine.12Land degradation mapping helps optimise decision making.13Flood early warning system supports typhoon response.14 Mapping guineas forests for conservation.15 Rapid estimation of earthquake source parameters.16 Water information and determined women change lives in remote Azuay.17 Improved agricultural statistics boost monitoring and reporting.18Pest and disease monitoring system boosts species richness.19 Seagrass mapping leads to new protection targets in Seychelles.20 GEO Work Programme Progress Diagnosing the cause and effect of the 2022 Oder river algal bloom.22Empowering African youth and women in geospatial Innovation.23An Information hub for managing the Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt.24Unlocking microclimates for ecosystem resilience in mountain regions.25EO-based surveillance of persistent organic pollutants:from data to policies.26Implementing shared arctic variables to meet societal requirements.27An AI approach towards efficient hydropower production in Sweden.28 GEO Highlights 20234Forest biomass reference system for open access.29 GLASS products serve national ecosystem monitoring and evaluation in China.30 Advancing In-Situ observation of ecosystems in Central Asia.31 Monitoring land subsidence from groundwater exploitation in Pakistan.32GEO Cloud Credits Programme UpdateGlobal mobile tsunami warning system:GreatDetector.34Empowering food security in diverse african agricultural systems.35Enhancing urbanisation monitoring in Kenya.36 The first algae bloom monitoring application in Latin America.37A near-real-time global rice growth monitoring and yield forecasting platform.38 Measuring poverty through earth observation and machine Learning.39 Modernising the national marine habitat map in Belize.40 Machine listening to monitor climate change impacts on neotropical amphibians.41 Regional GEOs DevelopmentEstablishing a GEO national coordination mechanism across Africa.43Strengthening regional response to oil spills in the Caribbean and Americas.44Advancing earth observations for the Asia-Oceania region.45Leveraging Copernicus programme for global challenges.46Table of Acronyms.48TABLE OF CONTENTSGEO Highlights 20235Earth observations are more than just data;they are a beacon of hope.They inform solutions in a world grappling with interconnected challenges.As GEOs Lead Co-chair from South Africa,I had the distinct privilege to steer the Post-2025 Strategy,emphasizing the vital role of Earth intelligence in mitigating disaster risks,tackling climate change,and understanding the intricate balance between our environment,health,and economy.Its crucial to highlight Africa in this discourse.Often considered a bellwether for global developmental challenges and progress,Africa stands at an inflection point.While the continent grapples with developmental hurdles exacerbated by climate change,its also a beacon of progress,especially with its vibrant youth who represent our future.Their energy and dynamism,combined with the power of Earth observations,can drive Africa towards sustainable growth.This dynamic mirrors the broader global need for intergenerational solutions.The GEO Highlights 2023 report celebrates GEOs societal impact.Through collaborations like AfriGEO,we are rallying diverse stakeholders to address shared challenges,crafting solutions that can be amplified across regions.Initiatives like Digital Earth Africa exemplify this,where real-time Earth observation data is put to myriad usesfrom flood prediction to land degradation monitoringall aiming to safeguard lives and ecosystems.As we navigate the path beyond 2025,our compass is set on continuous learning and innovation,with Earth intelligence as our guide.While we champion global collaboration,its vital to remain sensitive to local community needs.In my role at GEO,I am committed to ensuring that South Africa,and by extension Africa,is at the forefront of this collaborative journey,unlocking the immense potential for transformative change.Message from Dr Mmboneni Muofhe Lead Co-chair,South Africa GEO Highlights 20236As global challenges intensify,GEOs mission to safeguard our planet through Earth intelligence becomes ever more critical.Our Post-2025 Strategy,shaped by a year-long consultative process,hones in on the need for transformative solutions and intergenerational collaboration.Importantly,the direction charted by this strategy is not a distant goal;its already taking shape through the ongoing efforts of the GEO Work Programme.The GEO Highlights 2023 report not only showcases these advancements but also underscores how they set the foundation for our future endeavours.The success of these endeavours rests on prioritizing users,embracing co-design and co-development,partnering across sectors and across disciplines,sustaining capacity-building,and securing necessary finance.This report paints a clear picture of our current achievements and how they propel us towards the vision outlined in Post-2025 Strategy.Over a quarter of our initiatives leverage artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies,showcasing our commitment to innovation in this fast-paced technological era.But,innovation doesnt stand alone.The initiatives impact on communities underscores the importance of local engagementtrue progress aims for global equity from Earth Intelligence.This report represents substantial progress towards the vision we set forth in the 2016-2025 Strategic Plan,highlighting the potential of accessible Earth intelligence.With continued collaboration and investment,I believe that a decade from now,GEO will have magnified its contribution to addressing global challenges.As you delve into these narratives,I hope you find inspiration and recognize the boundless opportunities that lie ahead.They stand as a testament to human collaboration and innovation,guiding us towards a brighter,sustainable future.Message from Yana Gevorgyan Director,GEO Secretariat GEO Highlights 20237GEO Work Programme IN NUMBERS The GEO community collaborates and partners through the GEO Work Programme to co-design and co-produce transformative solutions that address global challenges Involving:The GEO community has been embracing and experimenting with advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence,cloud computing,and machine learning through the GEO Cloud Credits Programmes.THE GEO WORK PROGRAMME IS:48 projects:1603 689 103individuals organizations countriesGEO-Amazon Web Services Earth Observation Credits Cloud Programme:GEO-Google Earth Engine Programme:GEO-Microsoft Planetary Computer Programme:22 projects 34 projects 21 projects5 19 204Flagships Initiatives Pilot InitiativesRegional GEOs&In the 35 stories included in the report,the GEO community is taking action and making impact in 68 countries.GEO Highlights 20238Featured Impact_photo:Unsplash/Jack Millard9Challenge Adverse climate hazards are common in Malawi.Seasonal droughts,storm cyclones and intense rainfall can result in riverine and flash floods.In 2022,Malawi experienced two tropical cyclone events-Tropical Storm Ana and Tropical Cyclone Gombe-inducing riverine and flash floods with devastating consequences.According to Malawis Department of Disaster Management Affairs(DODMA),these events affected about 900,000 people in 17 districts.Solution GEOGloWS ECMWF Streamflow Service is a hydrologic modelling service that uses the best forecasts and expertise available to deliver reliable forecast information.In 2021,staff from the Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development in Kenya leveraged technical developments from the NASA/USAID SERVIR Program to integrate the GEOGloWS ECMWF Streamflow Service into the Government of Malawis Community-Based Flood Early Warning System(CBFEWS).This system uses telemetric stations installed upstream of flood-prone areas and provides 3-8 hours of lead time to take preparatory actions.With this integration of the GEOGloWS ECMWF Streamflow Service,the forecast lead time increases from just a few hours to 15 days.GEOGloWS is also able to support anticipatory activities and provides streamflow information to complement telemetric messaging during equipment failure due to network downtime or vandalism.Impact The integrated CBFEWS was deployed and immediately tested with remarkable results during Tropical Storm Ana and Tropical Cyclone Gombe.With the 15-day forecast,DODMA was able to conduct timely evacuations and implement a relief programme during both events.DODMAs post-flood cost analysis found that the integrated CBFEWS reduced the financial impact from losses and damages by 40 percent compared to similar floods.Additionally,not a single loss of life was reported.In contrast,similar past floods resulted in significant loss of life.The SERVIR Program has committed to funding the implementation of the integrated CBFEWS in Kenya and Tanzania in 2024.Additionally,the United States pledged US$2 million to expand the GEOGloWS ECMWF Streamflow Service into five more African countries:Lesotho,Mozambique,Uganda,Zambia,and Zimbabwe.Through this effort,GEO contributes to the Early Warnings for All(EW4All)Initiative launched by the United Nations Secretary-General,an ambitious plan for every person on Earth to be protected by early warning systems worldwide by 2027.15-day flood forecast reduces costs by 40%PROJECT:GEO Global Water Sustainability LOCATION:Malawi _ _PARTNERS:Department of Disaster Management Affairs of Malawi(DoDMA),Department of Water Resources of Malawi(DWR),Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services of Malawi(DCCMS),International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development(ICIMOD),Malawi Red Cross Society(MRCS),National Aeronautics Space Administration(NASA),Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development(RCMRD),SERVIR Program,United Nations Development Programme(UNDP)and United States Agency for International Development(USAID)10Unlocking REDD+payments to protect tropical forests PROJECT:Global Forest Observations InitiativeLOCATION:Costa Rica,Ghana _ _photo:FAO/Giancarlo PucciChallenge Ghana is the worlds second-largest cocoa producer.Its economy relies on cocoa,however,cocoa production is one of the main causes of deforestation and forest degradation in the south-eastern and western regions of the country.Additionally,the greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions associated with cocoa production contribute significantly to climate change.The World Bank trust fund for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation,commonly known as REDD+,provides funding to developing countries who reduce GHG emissions,deforestation,and land degradation.To receive funding,countries must be able to measure,report,and verify their results-based actions.Solution For more than 10 years,GEOs Global Forest Observations Initiative(GFOI)and the World Banks Forest Carbon Partnership Facility(FCPF)have worked with Ghana and other tropical countries to use Earth observations to measure,report,and verify GHS emissions from forests.GFOI develops and disseminates IPCC-compliant methods and guidance materials for REDD+Measurement,Reporting,and Verification(MRV).The materials provide a user-friendly approach to guide countries through the complex process of needs assessment,system design and implementation.They complement GFOI partners own guidance materials and present these within the context of a complete national MRV framework for REDD+.By providing access to quality data,methods,products and training,GFOI played a critical role in helping countries to build and improve their own capacities for forest monitoring.Impact As a result of this work,Ghana became the second country in Africa,after Mozambique,to receive payments for reducing its net forest loss and GHG emissions.In 2023,the FCPF paid Ghana US$4.86 million to reduce 972,456 tons of carbon emissions for the first monitoring period.The funding will be used to shift from traditional,slash-and-burn agriculture to climate-friendly,climate-smart agriculture.Similarly,Costa Rica has become the first country in Latin America and the Caribbean to receive FCPF payments(US$16.4 million)for reducing 3.28 million tons of carbon emissions.These efforts exemplify how Earth observations can support better forest management and performance-based payments to save forests and drive global climate action.PARTNERS:Australian Government,Committee on Earth Observation Satellites(CEOS),European Space A