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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,A New English Grammar Course-book,Teaching Program Written by,GAO Guilian,1/40,二、汉译英语法练习,1现在我最希望就是期末考个好成绩。,原译:,The most thing I hope now is,getting high marks in the finals.,改译:,My greatest hope now is to do well in,the finals.,2/40,二、汉译英语法练习,分析：,A 句“The most thing I hope”语,法不对。Most 放在名词前面通常表示“大多,数”意思,和thing（单数名词）连用是不,正确,。“最希望事”,翻译能够是“My,greatest hope”或“What I wish for most”，,这里 greatest 和 most 才是,“最”,意思。,3/40,二、汉译英语法练习,即使在语法上“is getting high marks”是正确,，但不定式形式“is to do well”在这里更,加自然。另外,“getting high marks”,翻译没,有,“do well”,准确，因为原文只是说了“好成,绩”，而,“好成绩”,不一定就是指,“,high marks,”。,对于一些人来说，分数可能不高但比上次有,进步就是“好成绩”，所以“do well”更为贴切。,4/40,二、汉译英语法练习,2可是这次考试尤其难，老师又没有划重点，,我只能把全部问题都复习一遍了。,原译:,But,this exam is very difficult and the,teachers didnt give the highlights.What,I can only do is to review all the questions.,改译:,But,this time,the exams are really difficult,and the teachers didnt give the major,points.The only thing I can do is to review,all the exercises.,5/40,二、汉译英语法练习,分析:,A 句“this exams”翻译不对，它指,是“这个考试”，不是“这次考试”。,“划重点”,翻译成是“give the highlights”,在语法上和语义上是正确,不过“high-,lights”在此处太正式，普通只有在正式,商务环境中才用,“划重点”翻译成“give/,provide major points”更适当。,6/40,二、汉译英语法练习,即使A 句中把“问题”翻译成,“question”,中国,人完全明白,但外国人可能会感到迷惑。因为,“question”通常只指那些需要提供答案练习,题，对于外国人来说，考试前需要复习不但,仅是练习题，可能还包含平时做,presentation,项目，写论文等等，所以,“exercises”,更准确。,A 句中“What I can only do”是中国式英语。,7/40,二、汉译英语法练习,3.明天要考两门专业课，看来我今天必须开夜车了。,原译:,Two professional tests are in tomorrow.It,seems I have to study overtime today.,改译:,There will be two major exams tomorrow.,It seems Ill have to,stay up late,tonight.,8/40,二、汉译英语法练习,分析：,A 句中把,“专业课”,翻译成,“professional tests”,是错误。这是受了汉字影响，,因为“professional”汉字意思是“专业,”。但其实“professional”是指受过训,练或教育人具备素质，比如“a professional”,（专业人士）。,这个“专,业”和我们在学校里学“专业”不一样。,9/40,二、汉译英语法练习,A 句中“study overtime”是正确，但却,用得极少。实际上，“overtime”经常只和,“work”连用，表示“加班”。更加好翻译是,“stay up late”,或,“burn the midnight oil”。,10/40,二、汉译英语法练习,4听说监考老师尤其严，弄得我更担心了。,原译：,Ive heard the examiners are very strict,in examination discipline,which makes,me more nervous.,改译：,Ive heard the invigilator is very strict,and that makes me more nervous.,11/40,二、汉译英语法练习,分析:,句中,“examiners”,是,“主考人”、“考,官”,意思，和“监考老师”是不一样概念。,A句中,“very strict in examination,disciplines”,有些罗嗦,。“strict”,就足够,了，因为它已经包含了,“examination,disciplines”,意思。,12/40,二、汉译英语法练习,A 句中 “that makes me more nervous”,在语法上是错误，因为“that”是不能引导,非限定性定语从句。能够改成“which makes me more nervous”。,13/40,二、汉译英语法练习,5她是杭州人。每次情人节，我总会去杭州为,她买她最爱吃点心。,原译:,She is from Hangzhou,each Valentines,Day,I go there to buy her favorite snacks.,改译:,She is a native of Hangzhou.Every,Valentines Day,I go there to buy her,favorite snacks.,14/40,二、汉译英语法练习,分析:,A句中“She is from Hangzhou”翻,译是不准确。She“from”含有“她”来,自杭州，但现在已经离开杭州意思。,而“a native of”表示“是哪里人”，不,知道现在是否已经离开，所以更适当。,15/40,二、汉译英语法练习,即使,“each”和“every”,是近义词，但二者之,间还是有细微差异,。“each”,指一个群,体中个别个体，而,“every”,指一个群体,中侧重于全体全部个体。因为这里讲,是“每到情人节”，强调是每个情人节都,是如此，而不是某个特定情人节才这么，,所以用,“every”,比很好。,16/40,二、汉译英语法练习,读者对,“点心”,翻译五花八门，包含,“cake”,（蛋糕），,“cookie”,（饼干，曲奇）和,“pastry”,（糕点）。其中,，“pastries”,是范围比较广一个词，包含“cake”，“cookie”，但它只指烘烤、甜糕点，和中国“点心”概念并不完全对应。,17/40,二、汉译英语法练习,我们“点心”不都是甜，制作方法上,可能是炸，蒸等等。实际上，因为,中西方饮食文化不一样，极难在英语中,找到一个和汉字“点心”完全对应,词。比较靠近汉语意思是“snack”。,18/40,二、汉译英语法练习,6不过去年，我忘了情人节事。她罚我给她,买了一条很贵项链。,原译：,But last year,I forgot about Valentines,Day,she fined me buying an expensive,necklace.,改译:,But last year,I forgot about Valentines,Day.So she punished me by making me,buy her an expensive necklace.,19/40,二、汉译英语法练习,情人节能够称为圣瓦伦丁节，即,“St.Valentines Day”。现在普通,写成Valentines Day 即可，但前,面不使用定冠词“the”。,20/40,二、汉译英语法练习,A 句中“fine”是一个法律词汇，指“罚款”，,通常是指执法人员对违章违法行为人进行,金钱上处罚，用在这里是不行。有些读,者用“she punished me with an expensive,necklace”也是不正确。这句话含义是,“she hit me with the necklace”。,21/40,二、汉译英语法练习,7今年情人节，我想打电话约她出去，可遗憾,是她手机没电了。,原译:,This Valentines Day,I wanted to invite,her to go out by phone,but it was a pity,that her mobile phone was out of,electricity.,改译:,This Valentines Day,I wanted to call,and ask her out,but unfortunately her,cell-phone had no power.,22/40,二、汉译英语法练习,分析：,B,句中“call and ask her out”比“invite,her to go out by phone”更简练。后者完,全是汉语直译。“ask sb.out”就是约某,人出来意思。不过这里不能使用“call,sb.out”（喊某人出来）。,23/40,二、汉译英语法练习,有读者使用“it is a pity”或“What a pity”，,实际上当代英语中这两个词组并不惯用。有,读者用,“it was so regret”,来表示遗憾，,这种使用方法在语法上是错误,应该是“it is,regrettable”。但这个说法太正式，所以没,有选取。,24/40,二、汉译英语法练习,把“没电”译成,“out of electricity”,是不正确,。,“electricity”,普通用于一些比较专业说法。在平时，我们多使用,“power”,一词来表示,“电”:“power plant”(电厂),“power failure”,是,“断电、电源中止”。,在这里，用,“die”,是一个比,较随便表示方法。另外，我们能够说,“her cell-phone battery was dead”,表示,“她手机,没电了”。,25/40,二、汉译英语法练习,8很多人认为，真正浪漫不是你礼品有多,珍贵，而是看你为准备它花了多少心血。,原译:,A lot of people think that real romanticism,does not depend on how expensive your gift,is,but the energies you paid to prepare it.,改译:,A lot of people think that real romanticism,does not depend on how expensive the gift is,but on how much thought you put into it.,26/40,二、汉译英语法练习,分析:“Romance”,是一个详细名词，意为,“浪漫故事”，“浪漫事”。通常是,指发生在情侣之间爱情故事。,“romanticism”是指一个文学或艺术流派，,在欧美十八、十九世纪有着巨大影响，翻,译为“浪漫主义”、“浪漫主义时期”。,27/40,二、汉译英语法练习,“心血”,普通译成,“thought and energy”:,I put much thought and energy into that,project.,赠予礼品时，普通用“thought”就,能够了,因为在这种情况下更需要强调是,感情投入（thought）而不是体力上付出（energy）,。“Its the thought that counts”,则表示“一片心意”,含义。即使,“the effort,you put into it”,也能够表示一样意思。,28/40,二、汉译英语法练习,9在现今竞争激烈社会中，每个人都免,不了承受很多压力。,原译:,In nowadays society with fierce,competition,everybody cant avoid,bearing pressure.,改译:,In todays competitive society,every-,body is bound to suffer from stress,29/40,二、汉译英语法练习,分析:“today”和“nowadays”,都有“今天”,“现今”意思。就词性而言，“today”可,作名词和副词，而,“nowadays”,只作副词。,在,“in society”,这个短语中，我们需要一,个形容词修饰“society”，所以 B 句把名词,“today”改成形容词用全部格“todays”。,30/40,二、汉译英语法练习,“竞争激烈社会”,最地道翻译是,“competitive,society”,可用,“highly”,修饰,“competitive”,，强调,竞争激烈程度。即使,“society with fierce,competition”,翻译也是正确，但不够地道。,“be bound to”和“cant avoid”都能够表示“免不了”,意思,但使用“be bound to”（注定，一定）,语气更强。,31/40,二、汉译英语法练习,“pressure”和“stress”,区分是,：“pressure”,指来自人际关系和工作压力,而,“stress”,强调承受压力心理状态。我们能够说“work,best under pressure”,（在有压力情况下表现最好），可见“pressure”不一定带有负面含义。但假如说“work best under press”就不和情理了。所以,“stress”,和,“suffer from”,连用，才更能表示翻译中,“压力”,暗含负面含义。,32/40,二、汉译英语法练习,10最主要是要学会释放压力。不然，就会,产生严重心理问题。,原译:,The most important thing is to learn to,soothe stress.Otherwise,it will cause,serious mental troubles.,改译,:,The most important thing is to learn to,relieve stress.Otherwise,it will(could),lead to serious psychological problems.,33/40,二、汉译英语法练习,分析：,B,译文中“soothe stress”搭配是不恰当,，“soothe”,本意是,“抚慰、抚慰”，,普通用于安抚身体上痛苦，不与,“stress”,（心理）搭,配使 用,。“relieve stress”,也能够说成,“release stress”，,符合原文,“释放压力”,意思。,34/40,二、汉译英语法练习,“mental”和“psychological”,都能够表示,“心理”。,然而在感情色彩上,，“mental troubles”,指“精神病”，带有贬义，等于,“mental disease”,或,“mental disorder”,，而“psychological”是个中性词，不带有感情色彩。,35/40,2.,Translation,Exercises,1,.既然你计划移居加拿大，那你必须努力适应严寒气候。,Now that you are planning to move to Canada,you must try to adjust to a cold weather.,plan to move to Canada,cold weather,try to adjust to,上一页,下一页,now that,Back,Translate the following sentences into English.,36/40,2.他承诺帮助我们买下那幢房子，但有点勉强。,promise to,He promised to help us to buy the house,but with a little reluctance.,with a little reluctance,help us to buy,Translation Exercises,上一页,下一页,Back,37/40,3.这是一次主要会议，请务必不要迟到。,see to it that,This is an important meeting.Please see to it that you are not late for it.,be late for sth.,Translation Exercises,下一页,上一页,Back,38/40,4.他是个有经验商人；他做国际贸易已经有好几年了。,engage in foreign trade,He is an experienced businessman;he has engaged in foreign trade for quite a few years.,Translation Exercises,experienced businessman,上一页,下一页,Back,39/40,5.她力劝我接收那个新职位，即使那职位,酬劳并不优厚。,urge sb.to accept,She urged me to accept the new post,although the job is not very well paid.,be not very well paid,Translation,Exercises,上一页,40/40,
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