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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Nanjing No.9 middle school Lv Ruonan,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。,Types of task-based reading,第1页,任务型阅读,综合能力考查题,经过阅读短文，填写表格中对应内容,考查学生:获取信息能力,加工处理信息能力、,综合概括信息能力,表示信息能力,第2页,依据图表展现形式,1表格状（,Table,）,2.树状图表,（Tree-shaped）,3蛛网状图表,（Spider-shaped）,第3页,表格状,（,Table,）,In(71)_,He was born to a single mother.,6 weeks old,He(72)_ as a baby by Rex an Auleva Thomas.,At the age of five,Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around(73)_.,In 1944,Thomas started working at(74)_ in Knoxville,Tenn.,15 years old,He(75)_ on his own.,In 1954,Thomas(76)_ Lorraine.,In(77)_,He met with Harland Sanders.,In 1968,He became a(78)_.,In(79)_,Thomas started the first Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers，in Columbus.,In 1993,graduated from Coconut Great High School in Florida.The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,said his friend Pat Williams.He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker.He was just Joe Everybody.And in,Thomas(80)_.,第4页,树状图表,（Tree-shaped）,Stressful teenagers,The causes of tress,Ways to deal with stress,Living in a competitive world,Enough sleep,Physical exercise,Time managing,Physical exercise,Physical exercise,Physical exercise,第5页,蛛网状图表,（Spider-shaped）,The causes of tress,Ways to deal with stress,Living in a competitive world,Enough sleep,Physical exercise,Time managing,Physical exercise,第6页,1.先表后文，预测文意,“先表后文”是指先读表格，了解表格内容和要求，再依据表格要求快速阅读短文，这么便使阅读带有较强目标性和针对性，从而有利于确保所获取信息准确性，同时也节约了阅读时间，提升了正确做题速度。,答题步骤,第7页,答题步骤,2.寻找出处，对号入座,每个空格所填内容普通能够从给定材料中找到出处或依据。依据试题在表格中次序确定有效信息句在文章中大致位置，抓住图表各栏目中所给出信息词，到文中段落里画出含有这些信息词对应词句，并标上题号（7685），为下一步答题打下基础。,第8页,认真阅读,材料，要对所划出词句进行整理、分类、加工、延伸，过滤出自己所需有用信息。注意相关信息细节问题，注意这些细节共性或规律，同时结合表格（尤其是表格表头）要求，过滤出自己所需信息。,答题步骤,3.整合信息，分析归纳,第9页,原文词,；（即在文章中直接找到）,归纳词,（主要出现在表格表头、行标题或栏标题中）,转换,词,（主要是词性转换）,同、,反义词,（主要是同义转换或加否定词反义转换）,释义词,（即能解释原文中词，词组、或句子意思词）。,答题步骤,4,判断用词，准确表示,第10页,大小写？,表示形式在语法上是否与同横纵栏目一致？,横纵栏目内表示信息是否一致？,单词有没有拼写错误？,尤其检验是否正确利用了,名词单复数,形式；,动词-ing或-ed,形式；,形容词及副词,比较等级形式等。,答题步骤,5.通观全文，复读检验,第11页,表原因：,reason(for),cause(of)；,表目标：,purpose,aim,goal；,表种类：,kind,type,category,style(格调)；,表方式、方法：,means,way,method，solution,approach；,表提议：,advice,suggestion,recommendation,tip；,表态度、观点：,attitude,idea,opinion；,表用途、功效：,use,usage,function；,表意义，主要性，价值：,significance,importance;value,常见归纳概括词,第12页,表意义：主要性，价值：,significance,importance,value,表成败：,success，failure,表改变：趋势：,change,trend,tendency,表增加：,rise,increase,decrease;,表事件：,incident,event；,表内容、项目：,content,item；,表描述：,description,appearance,look,shape,color,size,length,width,distance,height,；,常见归纳概括词,第13页,表定义：,definition；,表主题：,topic,theme,subject；,表特点，特征：,feature,characteristic,character(性格)；,表起源，历史：,history,source,origin；,表影响，结果：,effect,influence,result,consequence；,表办法，行动：,measure,action,activity,behavior；,表益处，不利：,benefit,advantage,disadvantage；,表步骤：,step,procedure,process；,常见归纳概括词,第14页,表便利或不便：,convenience；inconvenience,表缺点：,shortcoming，drawback,表概括，总结：,summary,conclusion；,表评论、评价：,comment,remark,assessment；,表问题：,problem,question,issue；,表要求、需求：,demand,need,requirement；,表介绍，信息：,introduction，information；,常见归纳概括词,第15页,表时间，年代：,date,time,；,表年纪，性别：,age ，sex；,表地位,阶层：,status ，class (political,economic,social),表职位，情况，条件：,position，situation,condition,表家庭，婚姻：,family，marriage；,表教育，背景：,education，background,表经历，经验：,experience,常见归纳概括词,第16页,表学位，资格：,degree，qualification,表职业：,work,job,occupation,profession；,表成就，贡献：,achievement，contribution,表关系：,relation,relationship；,表信仰：,belief；,表情绪 感觉：,feeling,emotion,motivation(动机)；,表反应：,response,reaction,常见归纳概括词,第17页,表人口：,population；,表天气，气候：,weather,climate；,表方位：,location,position；,表资源：,resource；,表物质，材料：,substance,material；,表经济，产业,农业：,economy，industry，agriculture；,表科技：,science，technology,表交通、运输：,traffic,transportation；,常见归纳概括词,第18页,表百分比，百分比：,rate ,percentage；,表质量，数量：,quality,quantity,amount,number；,表异、同：,difference,similarity;,表设备：,equipment(不可数),facility(可数)；,表现象，迹象，症状：,phenomenon，sign,symptom；,表灾难，事故：,disaster,accident,threat；,表预防：,prevention,precaution；,表治疗：,treatment,cure；,表程度：,degree；,常见归纳概括词,第19页,1标题归纳题,1.依据“文章主旨句大多出现在三个位置：,文章首段，一段末或二段首，文章末段,”特点，可有意识地从上述三个位置找到文章主题句，再加以准确概括，确定语篇标题。,2.文中出现高频率词或词组，往往就是标题。,判定归纳概括词方法,第20页,Much of our good health depends on the cooperation between substances.When they work together,chemical reactions take place smoothly.Body systems are kept in balance.Some of the most important helpers in the job of good health are the substances we call vitamins.,Vitamin A is needed to produce a light-sensitive substance in the eyes.,Vitamin B-one is also called thiamine.硫胺(维生素B1)It changes starchy(淀粉)foods into energy.,Vitamin B-twelve is needed so folic(叶酸)acid can do its work.,Vitamin C is necessary for strong bones and teeth,and for healthy blood vessels(.管),判定归纳概括词方法,Example 1,Title _,76,_,Vitamins,第21页,2段落归纳题,段落归纳概括题常位于表格左栏，能最大程度覆盖对应行、列或单元格全部信息，常为名词、名词词组或动(名)词词组。,判定归纳概括词方法,第22页,判定归纳概括词方法,Example 2,76_,77_,Sources,78_,caused by lack of it,Vitamin A,Helping prevent poor sight at night,Fish liver oil,yellow part of eggs,darkly colored fruits and vegetables,Inability to see,at night,Vitamin B-1,Helping the79_ system,Grains,beans,nuts,meat and fish good for the 81_work of the heart and nervous system,80_and slow growth,Vitamin B-12,Helping get red blood cells 82_,83_ foods like eggs,meat,fish and milk products,anemia,Vitamin C,A 84_for strong bones and teeth and healthy blood vessels,Citrus fruits,tomatoes and uncooked vegetables,Not 85_,Functions,Kinds,Problems,第23页,2段落归纳题,判定归纳概括词方法,注意:有时所填写概括词不能照抄主题句中关键词，而需依据表示需要改变关键词词形或词性，甚至是另换一词。,第24页,Volunteering does much good to a volunteer.For example,volunteering offers you chance to develop ability,skill and personal strengths.As part of a volunteer group,you get firsthand exposure to use and learn communication and teamwork dynamics.,_,_ of,volunteering,Offer you chance to develop ability,skill and personal strengths.,Make you use and learn communication and teamwork dynamics,判定归纳概括词方法,Example 2,Advantages,(,Benefits),第25页,3.,依据文中信息词判定概括词,依据how判断用ways,tips,methods，solutions,etc.；,依据why,because,result in,lead to,be caused by等判断用reasons,causes；,依据in short,all in all判断用summary；,依据refer to,be,be called判断用definition；,依据therefore,thus,so,as a result判断用result,conclusion；,依据find,discover判断用findings。,判定归纳概括词方法,第26页,1转换词性,需要,填写词不能照抄。即能从文中找到信息句，并转换原词词性后再填入空格。,比如：动词转换为名词，,名词转换为动词或形容词，,名词或形容词转换为动词等。,判定转换词方法,第27页,Example,Vitamin B-twelve is needed so folic(叶酸)acid can do its work.Together,they help produce red blood cells.Without them,a person suffers from anemia(贫血).Vitamin B-twelve is found naturally in foods such as eggs,meat,fish and milk products.,Vitamin C is necessary for strong bones and teeth,and for healthy blood vessels(.管)It also helps wounds heal quickly.The body stores very little vitamin C.So we must get it every day in foods such as citrus(柑橘类)fruits,tomatoes and uncooked cabbage.,判定转换词方法,Vitamin B-12,Helping get red blood,cells 82_,83,_ foods like eggs,meat,fish and milk products,anemia,Vitamin C,A 84_ for strong,bones and teeth and healthy blood vessels,Citrus fruits,tomatoes and uncooked vegetables,Not mentioned,produced,natural,necessity,第28页,判定转换词方法,2名词全部格“s”和 of全部格及其它表示式之间转换,1).,Their fathers word is the law.,They have to listen to their _.,father,2)The opinions of most scientists are quite different from those of the parents.,M,ost _ opinions are quite different from those of the parents.,scientists,第29页,在考虑转换词时，能够把,作后置定语名词、形容词、分词作前置定语等。,3后置定语、补语等转化为前置定语,判定转换词方法,2.,They are trying to make living conditions better.,1.,One likely development will be a gradual change in the family unit.,They are trying to make _ living conditions.,better,A gradual family unit_will be one likely development.,change,3.Some oils remaining in the crushed seeds can be got by putting more heavy rocks on them.,Some_ oil in the seeds can be got by putting more heavy rocks on them.,remaining,第30页,4.,将定语从句改为非谓语动词形式作后置定语,判定转换词方法,1.,The reporter is both the primary and the secondary source.But the photographer who works with him/her is still a pramary source.,The reporter is both the primary and the secondary source.But the photographer _with him/her is still a pramary source.,working,2.69%of the people who are involved in the survey are strongly in favor of the holiday proposal.,69%of the people_ in the survey are strongly in favor of the holiday proposal.,involved,第31页,Visit your doctor at regular times to find about the progress of your allergies instead of having strict diets every day.,判定转换词方法,5,.修饰名词形容词与修饰动词副词之间转换,See doctors_ to find about the progress of your allergies instead of having diets,_-,every day.,allergy英音：ldi】过敏症,regularly,strictly,第32页,6.句子成份和句子意义转换,判定转换词方法,分析句子成份，注意主被动句子中主语和宾语转换以及句子意思转化，,1).You are requested to be present at the club meeting on Friday.,Your _ is requested at the club meeting on Friday.,presence,2).,The suggestion is that you should keep all these rules in mind.,_,all these rules in mind is suggested.,keeping,第33页,7.,句子结构转换,判定转换词方法,1）Without a sound body,one cannot achieve anything。,Nothing can be achieved _one doesnt have a sound boody.,if,分析句子结构，注意简单句，并列句和复合句之间转换，确定正确关联词。,2),There are signs telling you not to smoke,but people ignore them.,_there are signs telling you not to smoke,yet people ignore them.,Although,第34页,判定同义词，反义词方法,1.,It is often cheaper to buy goods through the Internet.,The goods on the Internet are not so_.,expensive,掌握惯用同义词和反义词，必备构词法知识和习惯搭配，还有注意加否定词反义转换。,2.,This phenomenon has led to a big problem which couldnt be solved in a short period.,This phenomenon has _ in a big problem which couldnt be solved in a short period.,resulted,3.,It is impossible for you to finish the task without the teachers guidance.,There is no _ that,you can finish the task without the teachers guidance.,possibility,第35页,1.He finally managed to find an apartment near his office.,判定释义词方法,从文中找到信息句,结合表中空格前后表示方式，用一个恰当词解释原文信息句中词，词组或句子。,He finally_ in finding an apartment near his office.,succeeded,2,.The changes have something to do with events that took place over ten years ago.,The changes _to events that took place over ten years ago.,relate,3.Tell us what you are called,where you live and what you do.,State your _,_._,name,address,occupation,第36页,总 结,第37页,1简练性标准：,依据试题要求，填入一个最恰当词，所以必须对所获取信息进行浓缩、改写，用最恰当词简练地表示主要信息。首先要学会抓关键词，另首先要学会用不一样表示方式，如词性转换、句子结构转换和不一样词表示同一个概念。,答题标准,第38页,2.语法形式一致性标准：,能够参考前后左右所给出其它信息表示形式从而确定需要表示形式。但要注意横纵栏目内表示形式在语法上要一致，挖掘出其表示形式共性，比如，要么都是形容词短语，要么都是名词短语，要么都是动词ing或-ed形式等。,答题标准,第39页,3概括针对性标准：,解题时要注意以下几点：,（1）,概括性,。要研究本行、列全部内容，选词要最大程度覆盖本行、列全部信息主要内容。,（2）,针对性,。所填词不能太大或太小。,（3）,醒目性,。所填词应含有吸引力。,答题标准,第40页,4.忠于原文标准：,答案不唯一，但要忠于原文，即假如能够在原文中找到相关信息表示关键点，那么就不宜采取其它同义或近义词来表示该信息词。,答题标准,第41页,5.正确性标准,正确表示是任务型阅读基本要求。在阅读材料中找出相关信息后，必须仔细研究，做出正确表示。要防止时态、语态、人称、单复数形式错误，更不能出现拼写、大小写等低级错误。,答题标准,第42页,Practice,第43页,使用原词,New research says 35 percent of child deaths worldwide are caused by hunger.The research comes from poor to middle-income countries in Africa,Asia and Latin America.,Title:a new research,Theme _ is childrens biggest killer.,Hunger,第44页,变形转换：词汇变形1,There are some very good things about open education.This way of teaching allows the students to develop their own interests in many subjects.Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education.,Open education is a way of teaching which allows students to learn what they are _ in.,interested,第45页,变形转换：词汇变形2,The Occupation Handbook is a good resource.Regularly updated,the Handbook is available as a book and on-line.Not only is information provided about the United States as a whole,but readers can easily search for information about their particular state.,.,Title:Occupation handbook,The information is updated in a _ manner.,regular,第46页,变形转换：词汇变形3,As they fish,cheer for every fish they catch.Make a really big deal out of it.Take pictures.And if its possible,take some home to clean.Let the child help you clean with a table knife,so he cant get hurt.,Title:teach a kid to fish,Take some home and let the child help to clean with a table knife to avoid _ hurt.,getting,第47页,变形转换：词汇变形4,Many people need guidance in choosing a career(职业).Fortunately,there is much information on the Web about job opportunities.With all the information available,its not surprising that people can feel confused.So if youre ready to start your first job or change careers,where do you begin?,Title:finding information on the web for the information,There is a lot of job information on-line,but too much of it may sometimes be _.,confusing,第48页,变形状换：句意转换1,Open education allows the students to develop their own interests in many subjects.Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education.Some students do badly in traditional classrooms.The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning.Some students will be happier in an open education school.They will not have to worry about grades or rules.,Open education enables students to realize they are learning for _,not for others.,In open classrooms,many students dont need to be _of grades or rules.,afraid,themselves,第49页,变形转换：句意转换2,In conclusion,modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure.However,we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.,Fierce competition and great pressure on modern people may _ to the changes.,lead/contribute,第50页,惯用高频词汇概括总结,特点：概括性,针对性,逻辑性,第51页,惯用高频词汇总结1,_,The programme is intended to prevent accidental injuries adeaths.,Because six out of every 10 accidental deaths happen to Chinese children who are playing,Shanghai Johnson&Johnson Pharmaceutical(SJJP),a US-based pharmaceutical giant,is working on a Safe Kids Program to prevent injuries and deaths.,Title:Safe kids program,Purpose/,Intention,第52页,惯用高频词汇概括1,意图与目标：,purpose(s),intention,aim(s),goal(s),target(s),第53页,惯用高频词汇总结2,_,Gases from burnig coal,oil,and wood with industrial pollution.,Most scientists are now certain that global warming is taking place.Gases such as carbon dioxide produced by burning of coal,oil,wood,together with industrial pollution,are creating a warm blanket around the earth.This blanket is trapping heat in the atmosphere and so raising the temperature of the earth.,Title:Global warming,Cause,第54页,惯用高频词汇概括2,因果、结论：,原因：,cause(s)/reason(s),结果/结论：,result(s)/consequence(s),conclusion(s)/effect(s),第55页,惯用高频词汇总结3,Cathy Moultons _,For five days a week,people with diabetes should do at least 30 minutes physical activity.,Cathy Moulton from Diabetes UK suggests that people with diabetes do a minimum of 30 minutes of appropriate physical activity on at least five days of the week.,Title:Tai Chi helps control diabetes,suggestion,第56页,惯用高频词汇总结3,提议提醒,advice/suggestion(s)/tip(s),第57页,惯用高频词汇总结4,The_,to save children,Diets should be improved.,Diets should contain food with rich vitamins and minerals,.,Doctor BlackHe says the studies show that food programs need to place the greatest importan
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