英语语法句子成分分析(菜鸟也能懂的)(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,菜鸟腾飞班!,1,传说”中的英语十大“门派”十大词类分别叫名词，代词，动词，形容词，副词，数词，连词，介词，冠词，感叹词。,2,名词,“,名,”,就是名称,-,人或事物的名称,.,具体的人或物体的名称,:,人名,-Mike,LiMing;,地名,America,China,动物名,-pig,dog;,植物名,-tree,wheat.,抽象的事物的名称,:idea(,主意,),victory(,胜利,),knowledge(,知识,).,代词，何谓“代”？即是替代的意思，主要是来替代名词，所以说名词和代词关系是很近的，或者说代词的实质就是名词，正是这种血液关系，绝大多数时候代词跟名词在句中起的作用是一样的。,动词,动,就是动作,-,人的五官动作,:walk(,走,),jump(,跳,),swim(,游泳,);,人的大脑动作,(,心理活动,):think(,想,),imagine(,想象,).,也有些动词是表示静止的，如：,am,，,is,，,are,。形容词，我们在谈论人或物时，常说：“你描述一下是什么样子。”你就要用上：,tall,（高的），,short,矮的），,black,（黑的），,white,（白的）这些词往往是修饰名词，它们就是形容词。,3,副词，说人行走得快慢，讲话清楚，在英语里就要用,quickly,（快地），,slowly,（慢地），,clearly,（清楚地）这些词往往来修饰动词。它们就是副词。副词很多是从形容词加,ly,构成的,介词,-,同名词“关系”最好，是“铁”哥们，所以往往你见到介词的地方你就会见到名词,而且还有一个词类往往和他们两个往往在一起，那就是冠词，他们三个形成一个“小集团”。,in the room;on the desk.,4,连词，如果我们想把单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与句子连接起来就要用连词。连词不能单独作句子成分，只能和其他词类一起作句子成分。常见的连词有：,and,、,but,、,or,、,both.and,、,neither.nor,、,notonly.butalso,、,when,、,where,、,before,、,after,、,if,等等,冠词，英语中只有三个词：,aan(,不定冠词,)the(,定冠词,),，简单来说，不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指，冠词与名词关系紧密，一般是放在名词之前。定冠词也不能单独做主语宾语等等什么啦，只能和其他词类结合作句子成分。,5,数词，顾名思义，跟数字有关的词就是数词，英语中的数词有两种，基数词和序数词。基数词，比如：onetwo、three、four、five、six、seven等等，序数词，比如：first、second、third、fourth、fifth等等。感叹词，主要是来表示喜怒哀乐等感情的，比如：ohahwell等等，这一词类在十大词类中并不重要，了解即可。,6,词的修饰规则,形容词修饰名词做定语或者用在系动词后做表语,副词修饰动词/形容词/副词做状语,7,句子成分,定义,：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有,主要成分,和,次要成分,；,主要成分,：主语和谓语,次要成分,：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,8,句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语七种,主语是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。,9,主语（,subject,）,句子说明的人或事物,Jane,is good at playing the piano.,She,went out in a hurry.,Four,plus four is eight.,To see,is to believe.,Smoking,is bad for health.,The young,should respect the old.,What he has said,is true.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化的形容词）,（句子）,10,找出句中主语,The sun rises in the east.,Twenty years is a short time in history.,The poor are now living in the shelter.,Seeing is believing.,To see is to believe.,He likes dancing.,What he needs is a book.,It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(,名词化的形容词）,（,It,形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,11,谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。,宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。,12,谓语,说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语,:,由,动词,或,动词词组,组成,I,saw,him playing basketball in the playground.,He,looked after,two babies.,复合谓语,由,情态动词或助动词,+,动词,;,He,can speak,English well.,She,doesnt seem,to like dancing,13,Show your passport,please.,She didnt say anything.,How many do you want?-I want two.,They sent the injured to hospital.,They asked to see my passport.,I enjoy working with you.,Did you write down what he said?,（名词）,(,代词）,(,数词,),(,名词化的形容词,),(,三,),宾语,动作的对象或承受者,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,14,宾语分为,直接宾语,和,间接宾语,.,直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物,.,He gave,me,some books,.,间接,宾语,直接,宾语,please pass,me,the book.,He bought,his girlfriend,some flowers,.,15,（四）表语,在,系动词,后的部分就是表语,The war was,over.,They seem,to know the truth,.,Time is,precious,.,Im not,quite myself,today.,That remains,a puzzle,.,I dont feel,at ease,.,16,（五）定语,修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,He is a,clever,boy.,This is a,bike,factory,There are,54,students in our class.,Do you known,bettys,sister?,He bought some,sleeping,pills.,There is a,sleeping,baby in bed.,His,spoken,language is good.,(,形容词,),(,名词,),(,数词,),(,名词的所有格,),(,动名词,),(,现在分词,),(,过去分词,),17,定语后置：,如果定语是由,一个单词,表示时，通常要前置。而由,一个词组或一个句子,表示时，通常则后置,The girl,in red,is his sister.,We have a lot of work,to do,.,The girl,standing under the tree,is his daughter.,Do you know the man,who spoke just,now,?,18,（六）状语,状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。,I will be back,in a while,.,They are playing,on the playground,.,He was late,because he got up late,.,He got up so late,that I missed the train,.,I waited,to see you,.,He often went to school,by bus,.,His parents died,leaving him an orphan,.,Please call me,if it is necessary,.,This book is,very,interesting.,He went to school,in spite of his illness,.,19,I found the book,interesting,.,I saw him playing football.,I find it easy to learn English well.,（七）宾语补足语,有些,及物动词,除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：,make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.,20,系动词,1,）,状态系动词,（,be,动词）,例如：,He is a teacher.,2,）,持续系动词,keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：,He always kept silent at meeting.,他开会时总保持沉默。,3,）,表像系动词,seem,appear,look,例如：,He looks tired.,他看起来很累。,21,4,）,感官系动词,feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：,This kind of cloth feels very soft.,这种布手感很软。,注意：系动词不用于被动语态,.,5,）,变化系动词,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.,例如：,He became mad after that.,自那之后，他疯了。,6,）,终止系动词,prove,turn out,表达,“,证实,”,，,“,变成,”,之意,例如：,The rumor proved false.,这谣言证实有假。,22,(,八,),同位语,位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况,We,young people,should respect the old.,He,himself,will do the experiment.,He is the oldest among them,four.,He told me the news,that our team won the,game.,名词,代词,数词,从句,23,第一节破解英语句子之密码“钥匙”五种基本句型主系表,主谓,主谓宾,主谓间宾直宾,主谓宾 宾补,24,Exercises:,分析句子结构,1,）,You are a student.,2,）,He felt happy today.,3,）,What you said made me happy.,4,）,he likes playing football.,5,）,After he finished his homework,he went to school.,25,6,）,He likes pop music.,7,）,The story sounds strange.,8,）,The food tastes good.,9,）,He gave me a book yesterday.,26,