一些医学英语的表达.docx

flexible, fluent, logical, convincing, but not beyond the grammatical rules.
create
be responsible for=provide
归因于 be attributed to
poker 扑克牌
increase in amplitude
goal-directed movement approaches its intended target
thereby, hence
develop sth.
sth. account for sth.
Following sth., sb. developed sth…….
copious sth., in copious amounts = in massive amounts
insidious a.潜伏的，阴险的，暗中为害的
Developmentally,…
acquire…
exsanguination [eks,sæŋɡwi'neiʃən] 放血
primidone 扑痫酮
gist 要点，主旨
impinge on / impinge 影响，撞击，侵犯
hemianopia, anopia, quadratanopia
homonymous = ipsilateral
specifically,…
via=through=/~by means of=with the help of=with the assistance of
spread to
manometry 测压法
is released from/by…
The parents have no concerns.
be at increased risk for …
In general,…
sth. points to…
be associated with chronic bleeds
for a routine prenatal visit/examination/test
sb. had an uncomplicated pregnancy to date.
due to damage to decussating spinothalamic fiber in the anterior white commissure.
sth. can be precipitated by…
produce colicky pain
calculi = stone
hinder
Clinically,…
fluorinated a.氟化的
a constellation of symptoms
pet a dog
in front of = rostral to
In around 10 to 20% of patients, the onset of RA is …
slower 改用delay
To take home point of in this question is …阐述一样事物为了有逻辑连续性：先详细解释，再用简单地短语概括作为下一句的主语。这比强行用连接词更高。比方说：Loop diuretics cause salt and water to be lost from the body, while bicarbonate is retained in extracelluar fluid. The loss of water and salt results in…..
a is …, b is …, c is … . All three are …
Neither follicular nor papillary carcinomas predispose for lymphoma, although some studies have suggested …
Pts with xx carcinoma present with nontender nodules…
since = because
cause = elicit
undergo
It has minimal action in sth./doing sth. = It has minimal function in …
The principle action of sth is sth…比用The main function 来的地道多了，也富于变化
After several hours, he dies, despite appropriate lifesaving measures.
paramount = extremely important
supplant = substitute
This will pose no problem during …
following a second exposure to offending antigen
The rash suggests the diagnosis of gonococcal arthritis
sth and sth are best known examples of …
virtually = almost
…, made of, …作为定语从句插在后面
because of a positive result on a home pregnancy test
unsightly = ugly
negligible = not so important
paradigm 范例 sth represent the paradigm of …
ceramics 制陶术，陶瓷业
stumbling a.障碍的 n. 绊倒
在老年人群中 in elderly
trip over 绊倒 You'll trip over the stone if you don't mind out .
tingible a.可染(色)的
monovalent a.单价的
crutch n.拐杖
uneventful a.平凡的
report
sb between the ages of 2 months and 2 years
sth is most common etiologic agent of …
obstipation 顽固性便秘
tinkling n./v.发出叮当声，叮叮声
pass flatus = pass gas
strangulation n.绞窄（比如绞窄性肠梗阻）
antibiotics with coverage against gram-negative organism.
are likely to do sth.
important defense mechanism
stump n.树桩、假肢、残余部分
sth showed no abnormalities except a clear fluid around the umbilical stump
reclusive a.隐居的
startle vt.使吓一跳
ADH simply places water channels in membranes lining the collecting ducts, which permits the passive reabsorption of water.
avidly
in an attempt to do sth.
The gallbladder will undergo increased peristaltic contractions.
1-year median survival
essential
auditory projection = auditory pathway
new cat in the household 这里household用作家庭的意思
sth used in conjunction with
Patients may also demonstrate findings consistent with …
apatite 磷灰石
side effect = adverse reaction
paramedics 护理人员
slash vt.鞭打
小的部位，地方用site，不用place
It occupies the position along the lower border of the rib.
subfalcine 大脑镰下的
The presence of sth. 也可以用the occurrence of sth.啊，是不是更富有活力了呢
protuberant 突起的，显著的
optimal = appropriate
用be able to 也比所有只用can来的好吧
巧妙应用post. 比如 post fertilization
终止某样事情啦 termination of …
aphthous a.口疮的
acantholysis 皮肤棘层松解
exhibit some symptoms of …
尝试用用incidental finding, accidental finding 之类
thioamide 硫代酰胺
非故意的，不知不觉的 unintentional
denture 假牙
haphazard adj. 偶然的；随便的；无计划的
下次说干什么很容易，用readily ad 啊， 用 easily 太naive了
年龄啊 5 year old 太滥了，用5 years of age
每天抽两包烟 two packs of cigarettes daily
anthracotic adj. 矽肺病的
compatible adj. 兼容的；能共处的；可并立的
pilot light 指示灯
send axons through … to… = send processes through … to
prior treatment
bloating adj. 鼓胀的 v. 鼓胀；胀大；炉渣起泡（bloat的ing形式）
velvety ['velvɪtɪ] adj. 天鹅绒般柔软的；醇和的，可口的
undulate ['ʌndjʊleɪt]
vi. 起伏，波动；震动；呈波浪形
vt. 波动；使波动；使起伏；使成波浪形
adj. 波动的；起伏的；波浪形的
bathtub 浴缸
refine vt. 精炼，提纯；改善；使…文雅
indolent adj. 懒惰的；无痛的
in a indolent course ≈ incubation period
这个女人的孩子 the children of the woman
in the patients’ workup
consensual adj. 交感的；在双方同意下成立的
骨板提前愈合 premature sealing of the growth plates
reduce production of otherwise normal type I collagen
lightheadedness n.头晕
severe lightheadedness
用often的时候想想用commonly替换
amaurosis fugax 一过性黑蒙
dissociation of carbonic acid into water and carbon dioxide
spillage n. 溢出；溢出量
The result is heavy spillage of sth.
drink soft drinks 喝不含酒精的饮料
merit
n. 优点，价值；功绩；功过
vt. 值得
vi. 应受报答
精神错乱的的，发狂的 delirious
persons, people, human beings都不如individuals来的好
ravenous adj. 贪婪的；渴望的；狼吞虎咽的
the child’s ravenous appetite
phallus n. 阴茎
adj. 模糊不清的；引起歧义的 可以用unclear,但是，ambiguous 更好！！！
virilization = masculinization女性男性化
rudimentary adj. 基本的；初步的；退化的；残遗的；未发展的
adj. 令人畏惧的，可怕的 dreadful
modality 形式
pinprick n. 针刺；针孔；令人烦恼的小事
appropriate 用 proper替换
inappropriate = improper
plump
vt. 使丰满；使鼓起；突然放下
adv. 沉重地；突然地
vi. 变丰满；鼓起
adj. 圆胖的，丰满的；鼓起的
n. 扑通声
stump
n. 树桩；残余部分；假肢
vt. 砍伐；使为难；在…作巡回政治演说
vi. 笨重地行走；发表竞选演说
P/E shows tenderness of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen with guarding.
sonographic 超声描记的
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is visualized under the electron microscope as parallel arrays of membrane-bound cisternae populated with multiple electron dense dots.
Proteins destined to be secreted, membrane-bound, or lysosomal all have an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence during synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomes.
ashen adj. 灰色的；苍白的
Depressed level of consciousness predisposes to aspiration of oropharyngeal flora and/or gastric contents and development of aspiration pneumonia.
A paraphrase example worthy learning shown as follows:
Reduced penetrance refers to a situation in which an individual known to carry the dominantly inherited mutated gene may show no clinical evidence of the condition.= Not all individuals with a mutant genotype show the mutant phenotype.
adj. 疏忽的；不注意的（副词inadvertently）；无意中做的 inadvertent
torrential adj. 猛烈的，汹涌的；奔流的
torrential venous bleeding
用overt替代obvious
maternal uncle
Lesions of medial lemniscus would cause contralateral loss of dorsal column modalities, e.g. , tactile discrimination, vibration sensation, and conscious proprioception.
As the prodromal symptoms dissipate over a few days and prior to the onset of the exanthem, the enanthem develops, i.e., hypopigmented, irregular oral lesions on the anterior buccal mucosa.
pellet
n. 小球；[军] 小子弹（枪用）
vt. 将…制成丸状；用子弹打；用小球扔
Administration of penicillin derivatives can lead to maculopapular rash.
incompetency
flee fled fled
Several children and adults who recently fled a detention camp come to the emergency department because of a sore throat and low-grade fever.
shuffling gait 缓慢的步态,小碎步步态
Normally, after cessation of contractile activity, relaxation follows electrical quiescence at the neuromuscular junction and the return of sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane and T-tubule membranes to their resting electrical potential.
… follow… = … induce … = …once …
sustain vt. 维持；支撑，承担；忍受；供养；证实
sustain a crush injury of the right arm at work
construction worker
comminute vt. 粉碎；分割
sth. renders sth less able to do ..
distractor n. 错误选择；诱导答案
morbilliform adj. 麻疹样的
回想起。。。 recall any trauma, or …
橘皮 orange peel
induration n. 硬化；[医] 硬结；顽固；无情
A high suspicion of sth must be entertained if …
Sth lacks the risk factors for developing mastitis.
Carbon monoxide toxicity is often suggested by occupational exposures…
with prolonged exposure to sth
The oxygen saturation measurement of 98% (presumably by pulse oximetry) does not completely rule out …
pre- preform, preexist, presensitize,…
intractable adj. 棘手的；难治的；倔强的；不听话的
The biological attribute of influenza A virus that allows the sudden appearance of dramatically new genetic variants is also present in a limited number of other viral families.
stumbling 绊倒
cul-de-sac n. （法）死巷；死路；困境
substrate n. 基质；基片；底层（等于substratum）；酶作用物
inside = in
delicatessen [,delɪkə'tes(ə)n] n. 熟食；现成的食品
Hypochlorite is generated in the myeloperoxidase arm of the intracellular killing pathway when myeloperoxidase acts on hydrogen peroxide to produce toxic halide radicals.
…by changes in ADH levels…
endophytic [,endəu’fitik] n. 内生植物的；内寄生的
vendor n. 卖主；小贩；[贸易] 自动售货机
street vendor
vigilant adj. 警惕的
…need vigilant hydration
inconsolable adj. 无法安慰的（名词inconsolability，副词inconsolably）；极为伤心的
offer him a referral for counseling
health issue , health condition替换 health problem, disorder, etc…
The communication with sb is best handled face-to-face.
to deliver new in a timely manner = in emergent situation
The phone conversation should followed up by a visit.
…, while getting the patient the news quickly and in a cheery manner, does not address the pt’s other health conditions.
Waiting for days to hear the test results is understandably likely to cause anxiety in the pt. Also, the physician himself should do the counseling and not refer the pt to someone else.
A letter from the physician takes time to reach the pt, always creates anxiey, and offers no one to discuss the meaning of the results.
boggy adj. 似沼泽的；沼泽多的
Rectal examination shows a boggy, tender prostate.
Gram stain of the urine shows…
periphery
The headaches have become increasing debilitating.
throbbing adj. 悸动的；跳动的
The pain is throbbing.
debilitating adj. 使衰弱的
v. 使虚弱（debilitate的ing形式）
imminent adj. 即将来临的；迫近的
propulsive adj. 推进的；有推进力的
ensue vi. 跟着发生，接着发生；继起
A specific vomiting act ensues that involves sth.
a similar clinical profile
notebly
tingible a.可染的
Prognosis is grave due to advanced stage at diagnosis.
Sb. died in a motor vehicle collision.
She has bouts of crying for no reason.
perform her activities of daily living
do not have nightmares about…
Her vital signs are within normal limits.
Depression lingers for years; grief resolves itself in time.
Grieving people generally do not contemplate suicide, but a majority of depressed people do have suicidal ideation.
Medicate depression, but not grief.
sb. come to the physician because of a sore tongue.
sludging
n. 沉积；油泥；成渣
v. 淤积；清除…的沉淀物（sludge的ing形式）
adj. 沉积的
ablation n. [水文] 消融；切除
for a health maintenance examination
micron n. 微米（等于百万分之一米）
taxonomically adv. 分类学的
sth is taxonomically related to …
As a caveat, …
caveat n. 警告；中止诉讼手续的申请；货物出门概不退换；停止支付的广告
palpitation of the right upper quadrant during inspiration causes sharp pain and an abrupt “catching” of the breath. = inspiratory arrest on the RUQ palpation due to pain
Medication 用 medical options 替换
… produce a full therapeutic response
three or more things. (>=)
持续了多久 disease duration of more than 3 months
side effects = adverse effects
friable adj. 易碎的；脆弱的
impinging n. 冲击；碰撞
v. 冲击，撞击（impinge的现在分词形式）
生命时间长度 lifespan
The reason for the constant time period is related to the lifespan of the corpus luteum
reinstate vt. 使恢复；使复原
downy adj. 柔和的；绒毛的；多丘岗的
downy hair in the ampit
Fusobacterium usually is not pathogenic and lives in a commensal relationship with the host.
n. 共餐者；[生态] 共生体
adj. 共生的；共餐的；同桌的
excoriation 表皮剥脱
clumped
adj. 集群分布
v. 成群（clump的过去分词和过去式）
Assuming there has been no change in his diet
customary alpha criteria
causality n. 因果关系
He is not in shape.
在外形上；处于良好状态
convenience store 便利商店
omnipotence n. 全能，无限力量
in a small region of the lateral upper right arm
impinge on … vi. 撞击；侵犯 vt. 撞击
be characterized by a shooting pain 放射痛
be more richly innervated
laboratory studies of …
The skin on her torso and extremities is hyper pigmented.
A 70-year-old man with a history of diabetes and hypertension comes to the physician because of …
ambulate vi. 走动；步行；移动
anisocoria 瞳孔大小不等
a stray cat 流浪猫
manipulate the structures of the existing FDA-approved pharmaceutical compound
writhing vt. 翻滚，打滚；因剧痛扭动/蠕动
visual acuity 视敏度
pleocytosis 脑脊液细胞过多
obtund vt. 使缓和，使迟钝；减轻
rake n. 耙子；斜度；钱耙；放荡的人，浪子
inexplicable adj. 费解的；无法说明的；不能解释的
at least one episode of persistent elevated mood, along with swings down to a depressive state
The patient is preoccupied with issues with trust.
adj. 全神贯注的；心事重重的；被先占的
v. 抢先占有；使…全神贯注（preoccupy的过去式）
peculiarity n. 特性；特质；怪癖；奇特
rise to the level of full-blown delusion
adj. 成熟的；（花）盛开的；（帆等）张满的
reparative adj. 修缮的；赔偿的；弥补的
writhing vt. 翻滚，打滚；因剧痛扭动/蠕动；盘绕（writhe的现在分词）
vinca n. 长春花
detain vt.拘留
insight n. 洞察力；洞悉
insane adj. 疯狂的；精神病的；极愚蠢的
whorl n. 螺纹；轮生体；涡
vt. 使成涡漩
vi. 盘旋
variegated adj. 杂色的；斑驳的；富于变化的
Prognosis is dismal.
adj. 凄凉的，忧郁的；阴沉的，沉闷的
droop vi. 下垂；萎靡；凋萎
vt. 使…下垂
n. 下垂；消沉
temperate zone [气象] 温带
linger vi. 徘徊；苟延残喘；磨蹭
impinge vi. 撞击；侵犯
pleocytosis n. [临床] 脑脊液细胞增多
cyclopia n. 独眼畸形
tragus [解剖] 耳屏
auricle n. 耳廓；
deflect vt. 使转向；使偏斜；使弯曲
vi. 转向；偏斜
serpentine ['sɜːp(ə)ntaɪn]
adj. 蜿蜒的；阴险的；弯弯曲曲的
vt. 使迂回曲折地行进
vi. 像蛇般行进
n. [矿物] 蛇纹石
tip-off n. 密报；警告
calvarium n. 颅盖
horseback riding
discernible adj. 可辨别的；可识别的
The tongue deviates to the right upon protrusion.
in some distress
crush vt. 压碎；弄皱，变形；使…挤入
index finger 食指
binge n. 狂欢，狂闹；放纵
vt. 放纵
vi. 狂饮作乐；大吃大喝
n. (Binge)人名；(英)宾奇
purge vi. 净化；通便
vt. 净化；清洗；通便
n. 净化；泻药
chiropractic neck manipulation n. 脊椎按摩疗法
blow n. 吹；打击；殴打
vi. 风吹；喘气
vt. 风吹
The man is brought to the emergency department after sustaining a blow to his right eye during a match.
drink alcohol
use illicit drugs
A 40-year-old man develops progressive weakness culminating in paralysis.
vi. 到绝顶；达到高潮；达到顶点
vt. 使结束；使达到高潮
symptomatology n. 症候学，总症状
begin with
choroid plexus tuft
aphthous ulcer
adj. 口疮的
fainting n. 昏晕；不省人事
faint adj. 模糊的；头晕的；虚弱的；[医] 衰弱的
A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician because of “double vision” and the inability to adduct the right eye on attempted left lateral gaze. The left eye abducts appropriately on the left lateral gaze. Neurologic examination shows normal direct and consensual light reflexes with intact convergence.
He has a decreased right nasolabial fold and decreased movements of his right face, soaring the forehead,
A man is brought to the emergency department because of altered mental status, diaphoresis and irritability.
The behavior will be extinguished at which of the following ages?