初中英语语法讲稿.doc

初中英语语法讲稿
一、时态
1. 时态是什么？
英语语法中的时态（tense）是一种动词形式， 是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式，通俗的讲，时态就是通过对动词形式上的变化，来表示动作发生的不同时间和状态。
2. 英语里一共有多少种时态？
英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下(以study为例)
　 一般时        进行时            完成时            完成进行时
现在 study      be studying          have studied           have been studying
过去 studied      be studying          had studied        had been studying
将来 will study   wil be studying      will have studied      will have been studying
过去将来would study   would be studying   would have studied     would have been studying
初中常用的时态是：一般现在时；一般过去时；一般将来时；过去将来时
现在进行时；现在完成时；过去进行时；过去完成时
3.一般现在时：
动词形式：用动词原形表示一般将来时，但当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要加 “s”或”es”.
概念：一般现在时表示 1.经常性发生的动作，或现在的状态；2.客观事实或客观真理；
3.条件状语从句和时间状语从句中
4.表示安排或计划好肯定会发生的动作。
1.经常性发生的动作: We often get up at six o’clock every morning.
( 这里的often; every morning 表示起床这个动作是经常性发生的)
Tom goes to school at seven every morning.
( 由于Tom 是第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词 go 要加 “es”.
现在的状态: She is a teacher. Tom is fat. The book is on the desk.
( 系动词+ 表语就可以表示状态)
2.客观事实或客观真理：The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
Japan lies to the east of China.
( 以上动词表示的都是客观事实和真理，不受其他时态限制，任何情况下都用一般现在时)
3.条件状语从句和时间状语从句中：
We won’t go to school if it rains tomorrow. ( 下雨动作没发生，本来应用将来时，但由于在条件状语从句中，我们用一般现在时来代替一般将来时)
I won’t leave unless the teacher agrees （unless = if not ）
The more he reads, the happier he will be. (= If he reads more, he will be happier.)
4.表示安排或计划好肯定会发生的动作:
The plane takes off at 10 tomorrow.( 飞机航班起飞肯定是事先安排好的)
Tomorrow is Wednesday.
时间状语：
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays
否定句和疑问句形式：
否定句： He is a teacher.--- He is not (isn’t) a teacher.
(含有be动词的句子，直接在be 动词后加not.)
He gets up at seven every day. --- He doesn’t get up at seven every day.
(当主语是三单时，在动词原形前加does not)
We go to school every day. --- We don’t go to school every day.
( 单主语不是三单时在动词原形前加 do not)
疑问句： He is a teacher. ---- Is he a teacher? --- Yes, he is.
(含有be动词的句子，直接 把be 动词移到主语前)
He gets up at seven every day. --- Does he get up at seven every day? – Yes, he does
(含有行为动词时，要在主语前加Do ,s三单时加Does; 谓语动词用原形)
When does he get up every day?
( 特殊疑问句是特殊疑问词+一般疑问句)
1）用动词的适当形式填空
　　1.I _______( like) swimming.
　　2.He _________(read) English every day.
　　3.We _________(go)to school at seven in the morning.
　　4.Mike________(go)to school at seven in the morning.
　　6.Do you ________(like)_________(run)?
　　7.Does he_________(like)_________(jump) ?
8. Why__________Tom absent today ? ( be
9.I ________(write) to you as soon as I _______(get) to London.
10. He doesn’t feel well and ____________(not eat) any food this morning.
11. They _______ (have) a party in the garden if it ________ (not rain) tomorrow.
2）用所给的人称改写句子
　　1.I take photos on Sunday. ( Mike) 2.We grow beautiful flowers. (she)

3)第三人称单数：
wash_________ match _______guess______ study______
finish_________ go________ snow______ carry_________
4)单项选择：
1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _____ tomorrow.
A.don't rain B. doesn't rain C. won't rain
2. Don't smoke until the plane ______ off.
A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take
3. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _____ back next week.
　 A. wil come B. came C. would come D. come
4）改句子
　　2.I have many books. （改为否定句）
　　3.Gao Shan's sister likes playing table tennis （改为否定句）
　 5.Mingming usually waters the flowers every day 否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问

　　6.Tom does his homework at home. 否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问

现在完成时：
概念：