初中英语语法形容词和副词的比较级和最高级_2.doc

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

一.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下
(1) 符合规则的：

情 况
加 法
例 词
一 般 情 况
直接加 -er ; -est
all-taller-tallest
以e结尾的词
加 –r ; -st
nice-nicer-nicest
以“辅音+y”结尾的词
变y为i再加-er ; -est
dry-drier-driest
heavy-heavier-heaviest
以一个辅音字母结尾的词
辅音字母双写，再加-er ; -est
thin-thinner-thinnest
多音节和部分双音节单词
在词前加 more ; most
more delicious
most delicious
(2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表：

原 级
比较级
最高级
good , well
better
best
bad , ill
worse
worst
many , much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther / further
farthest / furthest

二．形容词和副词比较级的用法

级别
比较程度
表达方式和意义
例 句
备 注
原

级
同
等
程
度
肯
定
形
式
As+原级+as
(像……一样)
Art is as interesting as music.
Play as well as you can.

否
定
形
式
not + so (as) +原级+as
(不如……那样)
English is not so difficult as science.
She does not study so well as I do.

比较级
不同程度
（用于两者比较）
比较级+than
(比……)
Jim is older than Luky.
I like pork better than beef.
比较级前面可以加
much, far, even, still,
a lot, a little, a bit等
程度加深
比较级+and+比较级
（越来越……）
The + 比较级，the + 比较级
（越……, 越……）
He is growing taller and taller.
He studies better and better.
The more books she reads, the better she understand.

最高级
最高程度
（用于三者或三者以上）
The +最高级+of (in)
(最……)
Spring is the best season of the year.
Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.
副词最高级前面的
the 往往省略
注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。

例题解析
　　1. He is ________ friends than I.
　　A. much more   B. many more   C. very more   D. too more
　　解析： 后面有可数名词复数时， many的比较级形式为many more 修饰。 应选B.
　　2. Which is the _________ country, Japan or Australia?
　　   A. more developed   B. more developing   C. most developed   D. most developing
　　解析： 两者比较用比较级， 表示"发达"用 developed, 而developing 是 "发展中的"  意思
　　3． There were _______ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.
　　A. little        B. few        C. fewer         D. less
　　解析：little 不能修饰可数名词，两者比较需用比较级， 所以应选C.
　　4. If you are not free today, come another day __________.
　　   A. too     B. so     C. instead    D. yet
　　  解析：instead 作副词用时意为"代替，顶替"， 表示前面的事情没做， 而是做了后面的事。Instead一般位于句首。应选C.
　　5．He can't tell us ________, I think.
　　   A. important anything            B. anything important 
　　C. important something          D. something important.
　　  解析：不定代词与形容词联用需后置，否定句中应该用anything而不是something. 因此应选B
　　6. The Huang River is the second __________ river in our country.
　　  A. long    B. longer   C. longest    D. the longest
　　  解析："定冠词the+ 序数词 + 形容词最高级 " 表示"第几大……" 应选C.
　　7. The light in the office wasn't ________for him to read.
　　  A. enough bright     B. bright enough    C. brightly     D. enough brightly
　　  解析：enough修饰名词时可前可后， 修饰形容词或副词时， 要后置。应选B.
　　8. There was an accident at the corner. ________, the girl wasn't _________hurt.
　　  A. luckily, badly   B. luck, hardly   C. Lucky, heavily  D. Lucky, strongly
　　  解析：第一空修饰全句需用副词，第二空修饰形容词hurt也要用副词， 因此选A.
　　9. You must keep your eyes _________ when you do eye exercises.
　　   A. close     B. open       C. closed      D., opened
　　  解析: 此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。 应选C.
　　10. Five days has passed , but I haven't finished half of the work. ________,
　　   A. already     B. still     C. too       D. yet
　　  解析：already 与 yet 都可用于现在完成时态。Already常用于肯定句， 而yet 常用与否定句。应选D.

三．形容词副词比较级最高级的其他用法
（1）和冠词连用
　　the ＋形容词原级＋v(复)，指一类人或物
　　the ＋　形容词比较级，指两者中“较…的”的那一个，eg. the younger of the two
a/ an ＋形容词比较级eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one.
( a) ＋most＋形容词最高级　“非常…”　eg. a most beautiful city
( 2 ) 相关结构
1) 原级比较：肯定句 as….as…., 否定句not so / as….as…..
2) 比较句： 比较级 ＋than….或more (less) ….than…..
The furniture in this shop is less beautiful than that in that shop.(注意代词that的用法)
3) 比较级＋ and＋比较级 或 more and more＋比较级 “越来越… ”
richer and richer, more and more interesting
4) The more….., the more…..“越…， 越…”
The more you look at the picture, the better you will like it.

5) 比较级＋than any other ＋n. （单） （适用于范围一致时）
(all) other ＋n.（复）
any ＋n.(单) （适用于范围不一致时）
He is taller than any other student / all other students in his class.
any student in my class.
6) 倍数表达法。
A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.
A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.

用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.

The new building is four times the size (the height)of the old one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
7) more…than…结构，其意往往是…rather than…，可译为“是……而不是……”或颠倒词序译作“与其说是……，不如说是……”。
That little girl is more tired than hungry. 那个小姑娘是累了而不是饿了。
She is more a mother than a wife或She is more of a mother than a wife.
她是贤妻，更是良母。
8) A is to B what C is to D A和B的关系就像C和D的关系
Air is to man what water is to fish. 空气 对于人类就像水和鱼的关系。
9) no more than= only “只不过”，言其少
not more than=at most “不多于”，“至少”，指事实。
no more …than… 和…一样不… 如单音节使用比较级形式
not more…than… 不比…更…
　　no less than= as much as “多达”
　no fewer than= as many as

例：I have no more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱只不过5元。
I have not more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱不多于5元。
He is no richer than I.他和我一样穷。
He is no less determined than you. 他的决心不亚于你。
(no less determined than等于“其决心不亚于你”，言其大)
He is not less determined than you. 他的决心不比你小。
(not less determined than等于“其决心不小于”，无言其大或小的含义)
10) 最高级＋of/ in/ among….
He is the tallest of the three/ among them/ in is class.

四．相关词语辨析
1.very 和much
A）very修饰形容词、副词的原级；much修饰比较级；修饰动词用much或very much ,
eg. I very like English.(×),因改为：I like English very much.
B) 表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child .一般的情况下，以-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。
如：We were greatly /much shocked by the news about Tom..
C) 已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。
如：very interesting / worrying / exciting
D）too前用much/ far ,不用very。
You are much / far / a lot too nice.
另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。
We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.　
E)还有修饰词既不用very,也不用much.
eg. be well worth doing, be well above the tree
2. so和such
A)so … that … 与such … that … 的区别。
so + 形容词 / 副词 +  that …
so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that …
so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that …
such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that …
such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that …
such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …
注意： 但当little表示“小”时用such。
如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress t hemselves.
下列so的用法是错误的：
so a difficult problem, so difficult problems, so hot weather。
B) some/ any/ every/ no/ each/ all/ another/ several/ few/ many/ one/ two +such+n. eg. no such word
3. be too much + n.
be much too+ adj.
be too much for sb. 对…太过分了
4. can’t be too +adj.= can’t be +adj.+ enough “无论…都不为过”
You can never be careful enough.= You can never be too careful.你越小心越好。

练习与巩固
选择最佳答案填空：
　　1 Don't worry, sir. I'm sure I can run _________ to catch up with them.
　　 A. slowly enough  B. enough slowly  C. fast enough  D. enough fast
　　2. The text is very easy for you. There are ________ new words in it.
　　   A. a few  B. a little  C. few  D. little
　　3. It's such an ________ film that all the students are ______ in it.
　　   A. interesting; interested  B. interested; interesting 
C. interesting; interesting  D. interested; interested; interested
　　4. Mingming got up very _______,so he came to school half an hour ______.
　　   A. late; lately  B. lately; late  C. lately; lately  D. late; late
　　5. I am ________ worried about y parents' healthy conditions.
　　   A. some times  B. sometime  C. sometimes  D. some times
　　6. We don't have ________ every day.
　　   A. a lot of school works  B. many school work  C. any school works  D. much school work
　　7. -Look! How fast the two horses are running!
　　  --Oh, yes! They are nearly _______.
　　   A. up and down  B. slower and slower  C. more or less  D. neck and neck
　　8. ______ children there are in family,_______ their life will be.
　　   A. The less; the better  B. The fewer; the better  C. Fewer; richer  D. More; poorer
　　9. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ________.
　　   A. more and more rich  B. more rich and more rich 
C. richer and richer  D. richer and richest
　　10. Which lesson is _______, this one or that one?
　　   A. difficult  B. much difficult  C. more difficult  D. the most difficult
　　11. "A ______ accident happened at 7:30 a.m." said the policeman _______.
　　   A. serious, serious  B. seriously, seriously  C. seriously, serious  D. serious, seriously
　　12. ________ is it from our school to Lupu Bridge?
　　   A. How long  B. How often  C. How far  D. How much
　　13. In our city, it is ______ in July, but it is even _______ in August.
　　   A. hotter; hottest  B. hot; hot  C. hotter; hot  D. hot; hotter
　　14. This pencil is ______ that one.
　　   A. so long as  B. as longer as  C. longer than  D. not as longest as
　　15. The station is two kilometers _______ the hospital.
　　   A. away to  B. far away  C. far from  D. away from
　　16. Beijing has ______ many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours.
　　   A. so  B. very  C. too  D. much
　　17. This box is ______ heavy ________ I can't carry it.
　　   A. too, to  B. so, that  C. very, that  D. too, that
　　18. India has the second _______ population in the world.
　　   A. larger  B. most  C. smallest  D. largest
　　19. Mary received ________ many postcards at Christmas.
　　   A. so  B. such  C. too  D. even
　　20. The cake smells ______. Please throw it away.
　　   A. good  B. badly  C. bad  D. well
　　21. --- What was the weather like yesterday?
　　   --- It was terrible. It rained so ________ that people could _______ go out.
　　   A. hardly…hard    B. hardly… hardly     C. hard… hardly   D. hard… hard
　　22. The meeting will be held in half an hour, but they haven't got everything ready_____.
　　   A. ever       B. already      C. yet       D. still
　　23. --- What about the English novel?
　　   --- It's not very difficult. There are only ________ new words in it.
　　   A. few      B. a few     C. many     D. a little
　　24. How beautiful she sings! I've never heard ________.
　　   A. the better voice     B. a good voice    C. the best voice     D. a better voice
　　25.  Mr Smith always has  ________ to tell us.
　　 A. some good pieces of news              B. some  pieces of good news
　　 C.some good piece of news               D. some piece of good new
　　26. I'm afraid the headmaster is _________ busy to meet the visitors.
　　  A. too much    B. much too   C. so much    D. very much
　　27. - Dad , when will you be free?  You agreed to go to the seaside with me four days ago.
　　   -- I am sorry, Jean. But I think I will have a ______ holiday soon.
　　  A. four-days      B. four-day    C. four days     D. four day
　　28. The scenery in Sanya looks ________, especially "Tian Ya Hai Jiao" is ________.
　　   A, well, best     B. fine, the most famous     C. nice, better   D. beautifully, the best
　　29. What a _______ day it is! Let's go out for a walk.
　　 A. windy    B. lovely      C. rainy     D.cloudy
　　30. Of the two Australian students , Masha is ________ one. I think you can find her easily.
　　   A, tallest     B, the taller     C. taller       D. the tallest

Key
1-5 CCADC  6-10  DDBCC   11-15 DCDCD  16-20 ABDAC  21-25 CCADB   26-30   BBBBB

Homework
选择最佳答案填空：
1. John told me that _____ nothing important have ever happened.
A. hardly B. rarely C. nearly D. almost
2. ---Why don’t you like the shirt?
---Its neck is not big for me at all. Have you got a shirt of this kind with _____ neck?
A. the biggest B. a far bigger C. by far the biggest D. a more bigger
3. ---The temperature today is 10℃ below zero.
---Oh, it’s ____cold.
A. the most B. the more C. most D. much more
4. ---Do you think him naughty enough?
---I’m afraid he’s ___than naughty.
A. more clever B. clever C. much clever D. much more clever
5. Exercise is _____as any other to lose unwanted weight.
A. so useful a way B. as a useful way C. as useful a way D. such a useful way
6. ---What’s wrong? You seem restless.
---I was reduced to paying ____ price for it.
A. double the B. double of the C. double D. double of
7. _____, the boys were shouting and singing.
A. Happy and excited B. Happily and excitedly
C. To be happy and excited D. To be happily and excitedly
8. I’m glad to say that he’s already finished _____50% of the book in these three days.
A. no less than B. no more than C. not more than D. much less than
9. I’ll get there by six, if______.
A. not sooner B. no sooner C. not more quickly D. no quick
10. The US is about the same size as China, but its population is five times ____.
A. as little B. smaller C. as few D. fewer
11. ----Is this ____book?
---- Yes, it’s ___what I’m after.
A. the very; just B. the just; exactly C. a very; just D. the right; only
12. He has given up drinking. He drinks ______.
A. never again B. not any more C. no more D. once again
13. He hurried away, _____to meet his old friend.
A. looking forward B. hoped C. anxiously D. eager
14. Everything was very expensive. I didn’t buy ____fruit, but I’ve got some _____apples.
A. any; big red B. any; red big C. much; big red D. some ; red big
15. ---Are you going to the football game?
---No, the tickets are ____expensive for me.
A. very much B. so much C. far too D. highly
16. We’ll have to wait a ____two weeks to know the examination result.
A. other B. further C. another D. more
17. The little town has now grown into a modern big city, and is ___ what it used to be.
A. twice the size than B. two times the size as C. twice the size as D. twice the size of
18. The living carried away the dead and the healthy helped ____.
A. the ill B. the wounded C. the brave D. the rich
19. He likes going fishing. He usually uses a ______.
A. bamboo long fishing pole B. long bamboo fishing pole
C. pole long bamboo and fishing D. bamboo fishing long pole
20. He was the _____at that moment.
A. only awake person B. only person awake
C. awake only person D. person only awake
21. I think his suggestion is ____ bad, and that of yours is_____ good.
A. fairly too; rather B. rather too; fairly C. fairly; rather too D. rather; fairly too
22. Would you be ___ to tell me he time by your watch?
A. so kind B. kind enough C. enough kind D. very kind
23. The winners are _____children brought up in the country.
A. almost B. mostly C. most D. nearly
24. The technical college education I playing a