非谓语动词二轮.docx

非谓语动词
一、结构
不定式 ing形式 过去分词
主动 一般式 to + v原形 v-ing
进行式 to be + v-ing
完成式 to have + p.p. having p.p.
被动 一般式 to be + p.p. being + p.p. p.p.
完成式 to have been + p.p. having been + p.p. p.p.
二、逻辑主语：非谓语动词意义上的行为执行者。
1. 有“，”非谓语动词则做状语，逻辑主语为主句的主语。
2. 无“，”非谓语动词有可能做宾补、定语，逻辑主语为非谓语动词前的名词或代词。
1. The teacher asked me ________ (answer) his question.
2. The housewife went downstairs, ________ (leave) the lights burning in the living room.
3. The story book _______ (write) for the kindergardens' children will be published next month.
三、区别：V-ing表示动作与逻辑主语是主动关系；p.p.表示动作与逻辑主语是被动关系。
用build的适当形式填空：
1. The workers ________ the bridge next year are from America.
2. The workers ________ the bridge now are from America.
3. The workers ____________ the bridge already are from America.
4. The bridge __________ next year are designed by a famous designer.
5. The bridge ___________ now are designed by a famous designer.
6. The bridge _______ already are designed by a famous designer.
用see的适当形式填空：
1. When _____ from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.
2. When ______ from the top of the hill, we feel excited.
1. 区别p.p. 和 be + p.p. 和have + p.p.
p.p.做非谓语，表被动、完成；be +p.p.做谓语，表被动；have +p.p.做非谓语，表完成。
1. He said that when he had his tooth _________ (pull), it hurt a lot.
2. It happened shortly after this that the lion ____________ (catch) by some hunters.
3. I know you ___________ (work) very hard in the past years.
2. 区别to be+ p.p. 和to +v.原形 和 will be + p.p.
to be+p.p.做非谓语，与逻辑主语是被动关系；to + v.原形做非谓语，与逻辑主语是主动关系；
will be+p.p. 做谓语，表将来、被动。
1. Tom hurried to the station, only ______________ (tell) that the train had left.
2. Tom hurried to the station, only __________ (find) the train had left.
3. This project need __________ (do) by tomorrow morning.
4. This project _______________ (do) by tonight.
3. 区别v-ing 和having + p.p. ： having + p.p.发生在谓语动词之前；
1. He took off his coat, ______ (think) that the gold in the bag must cost far more than his coat.
2. ___________( live) in this city for three years, she knows it very well.
4. 区别being + p.p. 和 p.p. ：being+p.p.位于介词后，做主语；p.p.不能做主语
1. ______________ (accuse) of cheating in the exam made Susan weep.
2. With all the work ______ (do), we went to play basketball.

四、非谓语动词的解题步骤
1. 分析句子结构 2. 分析逻辑主语 3. 分析语态 4. 分析时态

五、附表
1. 接不定式做宾语的动词
ask, demand(要求), plan, intend, mean(计划), manage, do/try one’s best, make an attempt, learn(学习), wish, hope, desire, expect, long, want, would like, should like, would prefer (希望、愿意), agree, promise(同意), decide, determine, choose, make a decision, make up one’s mind(决定), offer(主动提出), apply(申请), help(帮助), fail(不能、没有), prepare(准备), pretend(假装), refuse(拒绝), happen(碰巧), afford(负担得起)

2. 接动名词的动词
allow, permit(允许), consider(考虑), suggest, advice(建议), keep (on)(反复; 不停), finish(完成), imagine(想象), practise (练习), understand(明白), appreciate, enjoy(喜欢), miss(错过; 怀念), prevent(阻止), forbid(禁止), escape(避免), include(包括), forgive, pardon, excuse(原谅), dislike(厌恶), discuss(讨论), report (报道), admit(承认), mind(介意), risk(冒险), can’t stand(不能忍受), burst out(突然开始), feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), delay, put off(推迟), give up(放弃), be busy(忙于), be worth(值得)

3. 不定式、动名词都可接，意思不同
remember to do(记住去做)，remember doing(记得做过)；
forget to do(忘记去做)，forget doing(忘记做过)；
regret to do (遗憾地做)，regret doing(后悔做了)；
try to do(设法做)，try doing(试做)；
go on to do(接着做另一事)，go on doing(继续做同一事)；
mean to do(打算做)，mean doing(意味着)；
stop to do(停下来去做)，stop doing(停止做)；
can’t help to do(不能帮助做)，can’t help doing(情不自禁做)

4. 带to的动词不定式强调动作的完成过程；用现在分词强调动作的进行状态。
1) hear sb do sth./doing 听见某人做某事 听见某人正在做某事  
2) listen sb do sth./doing 听某人做某事 听某人正在做某事  
3) look at sb do sth./doing 看某人做某事 看某人正在做某事  
4) see sb do sth./doing 看见某人做某事 看见某人正在做某事 
5) watch sb do sth./doing 观察某人做某事 观察某人正在做某事 
6) notice sb do sth./doing 注意到某人做某事 注意到某人正在做某事  

5. It is adj. for sb. to do sth.做这件事对你好； It is adj. of sb. to do sth.你做这件事真好；
be+adj.+enough to do sth.足够+形容词做某事； too … to do … 太怎么样而不能做某事；
sb. be to blame for sth. 某人因某事受到责备； seem to do 似乎做某事
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事；
6. It is no use / good doing sth.做某事没用
prefer doing…to doing… 比起做某事更喜欢做某事
have fun/difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. 做某事有趣、有困难、有困难、有困难

口诀

1. 接不定式to do 作宾语
决定设法学会不定式
decide/determine,manage,learn
许诺计划表示立志
promise,plan,intend
提出要求帮忙准备
offer,ask/demand,help,prepare
假装同意实拒绝
pretend,agree,refuse
五望未能成现实
Hope,wish,expect,desire,want,fail

2.接动名词作宾语
喜欢考虑不可免
enjoy/appreciate, consider, avoid
现在放弃太冒险
give up, risk
介意想象莫推延
mind, imagine, delay/put off
要求完成是期望
require, finish, look forward to
不行停止准逃亡
stop, allow, escape
情不自禁要原谅
can’t help, excuse,
建议继续勤练习
suggest, go on, practice
继续坚持定成功
keep on, succeed in

3.接动词原形作宾语
五看
look at, see, watch, notice, observe
三使
make, let, have
两听
listen to, hear
一感觉
feel

4.后接不定式to do 作宾语补足语
advise建议 allow允许 ask要求 encourage鼓励 get 使 force强迫
Invite邀请 expect期望 order命令 permit准许 persuade劝说 require要求
Want想 warn警告 teach教 wish希望 beg乞求