中考英语专项8定语从句讲解及习题.doc

定语从句讲解及练习
一、 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词 或代词 的从句叫做定语从句。
如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why。关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1. that 指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。
This is the photo that I took in the country.
He is the singer that I met yesterday.
2. which 指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或者代替前句The film which we saw last night was moving.
3. who 指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。
The person who visited our classroom yesterday was our new headmaster.
The man who you just talked to is Tom.
4. whom 指人，在从句中作宾语。
That is the professor whom you want to know.
5. whose 指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+ ’s, 后接一名词。
I know the boy whose parents are dead.
I don’t like those cities whose roads are dirty.
※注：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
三、关系副词
关系副词在从句中作状语，有时相当于介词+which，其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。
1、 when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于at/ on/ in/ during which.
I’ll never forget the day when (on which ) I reached the top of the Huangshan Mountain.
2、 where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于at/ in / to/ which.
This is the school where( at which ) I studied.
3、 why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于for which.
That’s the real reason why (for which ) he was late.
四、关系代词的特殊用法
（一）、关系代词指物时, 用that而不用which的情况:
1 . 先行词为something ,anything ,nothing ,everything以及all , much , little , a lot , none , few 等不定代词时。Eg: My mother was so proud of all that I didt
2 . 先行词有the last , the very , the only以及all , much , few , no , any ,little等修饰时。e.g. This is the very book that I’m looking for .
3 . 先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。e.g. This is the most exciting film that I’ve ever seen . When people talk about Hangzhou , the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake .
4 . the same 修饰先行词时 , 定语从句要用that 或as引导 , 但意义不同。
e.g. This is the same watch as I lost last Sunday . (表示相同但并非同一)
This is the same knife that I used yesterday . (表示就是那个)
5. There be 后面的定语从句多用that引导 , 不用which 。e.g. There’s a seat in the corner that is still free .
6. 句子前面出现了who , which 时 , 后面的定语从句用that引导。
e.g. They built a factory which made some new products that had never been seen before .
7 . 关系代词在定语从句作表语时, 常用that , 而不用which 、who 。
e.g. My home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago .
Tom isn’t the man that he used to be
9. 先行词既有人又有物时, 只能用that。
e.g. Do you remember the book and its author that appeared on TV last Sunday
(二) 、 which的特殊用法：
1. 关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句 , 有时不是修饰某个先行词 , 而是指代主句的全部或部分内容 。特别注意，非限定定语从句中prep+which 时，which 只能指代先行词，不可以指代句子。
Helen often came late , which made the class teacher angry .
(三)、 关系代词as的用法：
当先行词有such , so , the same等修饰时, 关系代词要用as ； as在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。e.g. 1) . I have never seen such a kind girl as she is .
2) . He is such a good teacher ( so good a teacher ) as every student respects .
※但在以下两种情况下有区别 ：
. as从句可位于句首(或主句前) , 而which从句只能在主句后。
e.g. ____ is often the case , we have worked out the production plan .
A . Which B . When C . What D . As

请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)
1.      Check the ways you study for an English test.
2.      Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.
3.      You couldn’t understand people who talked fast.
4.      I have some ideas that may help.
5.      They said something you didn’t like.
6.      Can you think of any problems you have had recently?
8.      He would always take pride in everything good I do.
9.      My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.
10.  What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?
12.  If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.
13.  Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries.
14.  If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them.
15.  All I ever wanted to do was traveling.
三、单项选择
( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
( ) 3. The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.
A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything
( ) 4. He was the only person in his office______ was invited.
A. whom B. whose C. that D. which
( ) 5. This is the museum______ we visited last year.
A. where B. in which C. which D. in that
( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
( ) 7. Do you know the student_____?
A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk
C. I often talk with D. that I often talk
( ) 8. I like the house_____ windows face south.
A. whose B. who’s C. it's D. its
( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?
A. what I need B.I need
C. which I need it D. that I need it
( ) 10. The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.
A. who B. to whom C. whom D. that
（ ）11. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?
    -Yes, he’s our headmaster.
    A. he B. who C. which D. whom
（ ）12. Is this the river _____I can swim?
    A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
（ ）13. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
    A. where B. which C. that D. it
（ ）14. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?
    A. that you bought B. you bought it
    C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
（ ）15. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
    A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree
（ ）16. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
    A. that B. it C. which D.who
 ( )17. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
    A. who’s B. whose C. that D.of which.
( )18. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
    A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was
( )19. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
    A. that B. which C. where D. who
( )20. The world ______ is made up of matter.
    A. in that we live B. on which we live
    C. where we live in D. we live in
( )21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
( )22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
( )23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who
( )24.I lost a book, _____I can't remember now.
A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that
( )25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what
( )26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
( )27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
( )28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what D./
( )29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
( )30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after
( )31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what
( )32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A.that B.which C.for which D.who
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
　　　　He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
　　　　b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？
　　　　c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
　　　　This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
　　　　d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：
　　　　I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
　　　　e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
　　　　Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
　　　　f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：
　　　　There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
　　　　（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：
　　　　a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：
　　　　What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
　　　　b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：
　　　　This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
　　　　c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：
　　　　Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
　　　　五、关系副词的用法
　　　　（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：
　　　　This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
　　　　（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：
　　　　This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
　　　　（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：
　　Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。