七、介词.doc

七、介词
考纲要求
1. 掌握介词的分类及用法。
2. 掌握初中阶段动词与介词构成的词组。
3. 掌握初中阶段介词与形容词构成的词组。
4. 掌握初中阶段介词与名词构成的词组。
考点基础梳理
考点1介词的分类及其用法
介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词或代词（或相当与名词的其他词类）构成介词短语，才能在句子中充当成分。介词与动词、名词、形容词常有比较固定的搭配。
1. 介词的分类
简单介词：如：in, on, at, to, with, by ,for等。
复合介词：如：into, onto, within, without等。
双重介词：如：after about, at about, until after等。
分词介词：如：including, regarding等。
2. 介词的用法
（1） 表示时间的in, on, at 与after
①at主要表示在某时刻、时间的某一点。at six在6点 at last最后
②on主要表示某一天，也可表示某一天的某个时候。
on Monday morning在星期一的早上
③in主要表达周、月、季节、年；泛指上午、下午、晚上；in 之后加上一段时间，还表示“过….后”（表示时间）用于将来时态。
in the day在白天 in a week一周后 in spring 在春天 in1999在1999年
④after 表示“在……以后”时，用过去时态，但在表示时间点时，用将来时态。
Mr Black went to China, and he came back after a week.
布莱克先生去了中国，一个星期后他才回来。
The meeting will be held after 3o’ clock.3点后开会。
（2）表示方位的in, to与on
in用在主语被包含在某一范围之内；to用在主语在某一范围之外；on用在表示两地互相接壤。
Beijing lies in the north of China.北京位于中国的北部。
Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的东部。
The North Sea is on the east of Great Britain.北海在英国的东边。
（3）表示“在…中间”的between与among
between表示在两者之间；among表示在三者或三者以上之间。
The hospital is between the shop and the bank.那家医院在商店和银行之间。
The town lies among the mountains.这座小城处于群山环抱之中。
（4）表示“关于”的about与on
about多用于个人事迹、故事内容以及一般的书籍、文章等；on多用于比较重大的、涉及比较深广的诸如国际形势、政治理论、学术报告、专著等方面。
books on the radio关于无线电方面的专著
stories about this city关于这个城市的故事
（5）表示“除了…以外”的except, besides与but
1.except与except for的区别：except后排出的内容与主语往往是同一类；而except for后所排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类。except意为“只有…除外；除去”。except for意为“除因为….; 要不是；除去…一点外”。表示对一个人或事物先做一个整体评价，然后再就局部提出一点看法。
2.besides表示“除了……还……”;but表示“除了……什么也没有”。
All the students went to the beach except me.除了我以外，所有的学生都去了海滩。
The article is good except for a few mistake.除了一些错误，这篇文章还是好点。
The teacher has watched the TV play beside Lin Tao.除了林涛外，还有老师看过那部电视。
There is nothing but a bed in the room.房间里除了一张床什么也没有。
（6）表示“穿过、越过”的across, through与over
Across表示动作是在某一物体的平面进行的；through则表示动作是在某一空间进行的；over强调某一物体在另一物体上空。
We go across the street at the zebra crossing.我们在斑马线处横穿马路。
We follow Uncles Wang throng the gate.我们跟随王叔叔穿过大门。
There is a plane flying over us.有一架飞机飞过我们头顶。
（7）表示“用…”的with与in..
“用……工具”使用with；“用……材料、语言、声音”使用in。
Please write with a pen.情用钢笔写。
He wrote the words in red ink.他用红色墨水写下了那些话。
（8）表示目的的“for”
We study hard for our country.我们为祖国而努力学习。
（9）时间状语前不用介词的情况
一般情况下，时间状语前要用in, on, at, during等介词，但是下列短语前不用介词。
this/ that morning/week/January/spring
next/ last Sunday/ week/January/spring
考点2介词与动词的搭配
listen to听 laugh at嘲笑 get to到达 get on上车 get off下车 look for寻找
wait for寻找 hear from收到…的来信 worry about担心 think of想起，认为
spend…on花费 look after照顾，照料 agree with同意 do with 对付，处置
考点3介词与形容词的常见搭配
be found of喜欢 be ready for做好准备 be kind to对…亲切 be busy with忙于
be good/bad for对…有益/有害 be surprised at对…感到惊奇 be proud of因…而感到骄傲
be different from与…不一样 be disappointed in对…失望 be worried about为…担心
考点4介词与动词的常见搭配
by bike/ bus/ train骑自行车/乘公共汽车/乘火车 on one’s way to某人在去…的路上
with/without one’s help在有/没有某人的帮助下 at the end of在…尽头，末尾
on the telephone用电话 to one’s surprise使某人惊奇的是
on time准时 in front of在…前面 in trouble 处于困难中
in a hurry匆忙地 for example例如 in fact事实上
典例透析探究
考查介词常见的题型有单项填空、完全填空、看图短文填空等。做题时要区分介词的用法，并记住比较常用的介词词组。
例1 Connie arrive ______ the village _____ a snowy night. （2010. 广东）
A．at; on B. at; in C. in; at D. in; on
[解析]此题考查介词及其词组的用法。Arrive at表示到达小地方，arrive in表示到达大地方，on用于具体某一天或者具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上之前，故选A.
例2 ---Guess, how much does it cost?（2010. 广东）
---I think it costs _____ 15 and 20 dollars.
A．from B. between C. among D. with
[解析]此题考查介词词组搭配的用法。between…and表示在两者之间,故选B.
例3 Mr Smith has bought a large house ______ a swimming pool. （2010. 天津）
A．in B. with C. of D. at
[解析]此题考查介词with“有”的意思。根据句意“买了一座带游泳池的大房子”可判断用with, 故选B.
例1 “It’s really very kind ______ you to help me with the housework on Sundays.”said Grandma Huang. （2010. 广东）
A．of B. with C. for D. from
[解析] It’s +adj. of sb. to do sth.意思是某人做某事是…….,形容词往往为clever, kind, nice等描述人物性格特征的词，of后的人物与形容词有主表关系，而It’s + adj. for sb. to do sth.,形容词通常为easy, important等不描述人物特征的词，for 后的人物与形容词没有主表关系，根据句意，黄奶奶说：“你们周日帮我做家务，真是太好了”，故选A。
中考真题热身
介词不仅具有重要的表达意义，在使用上也十分复杂。为了更好的熟练使用介词，本栏目总结了以下历年中考真题。
（ ）1. Some volunteers from Beijing arrived in Shanghai _____ April, 29 to work for the World Expo.(2010.北京)
A. on B. at C. of D. to
（ ）2. ---Frank, when will the short meeting begin? (2010. 成都)
---You should come _______ 2:30. If you come 10minutes ______ that time, the meeting will be over.
A. at; before B. at; after C. after; before
（ ）3. ---I joined the League _____ May, 2008, what about you? (2010. 成都)
---I’ve been a League Member _______ three years.
A. in; for B. on; in C. on; for D. in; since
（ ）4. Kids like to study _____ home on computers. (2009.四川)
A. with B. on C. at
（ ）5. You’d better not always look up the new words _____ the dictionary while reading and sometimes we need to guess. (2010.广东)
A. in B. on C. at D. from
（ ）6. ---When did Peter leave Shanghai? (2009. 广州)
---He left Shanghai _______ the evening of October 15.
A. in B. at C. on D. till
（ ）7. _____ the age of 13, Fu Mingxia was very famous in China ______ the youngest Olympic champion. (2009.广东)
A. At; for B. At; as C. On; for D. In; as
（ ）8. Wei Fang bought a new pen at a shop _____ her way home. (2009.广东)
A. on B. at C. in D. to
（ ）9. Guangzhou is _____ the south of China. (2009.四川)
A. in B. to C. on D. at
（ ）10. Last Sunday I saw the famous singer _____ hundreds of people on the playground.
A. from B. between C. among D. with
（ ）11. The young man walked _____ the forest and came to a big river at last.（福建）
A. on B. over C. through D. across
（ ）12. Don’t_____ others. Sometimes you make mistakes too.（2009.广东）
A. on B. over C. through D. across
（ ）13. The little boy is always interested_____ science.（福建）
A. in B. at C. to D. with
（ ）14. Yao Ming is a great basketball player, We are proud ______him.（2009.深圳）
A. of B. to C. for D. at
（ ）15. Life in the countryside is quite _____ that in modern cities.（2009.山西）
A. the same B. different from C. full of
（ ）16. I usually go to school_____ bike, but sometimes I go to school____ foot.（广东）
A. with; on B. on; by C. on; with D. by; on
（ ）17. ---Who’s that man ______ black?（2009.广东）
---Oh, he is Mr. Brown.
A. in B. on C. with D. at
（ ）18. Since you are_____ trouble, why not ask _____ help?（2009.深圳）
A. in; for B. in; to C. with; for D. with; to
（ ）19. The food _____ my country is quite different _____ that here.（2010.广东）
A. in; like B. to; from C. from; to D. in; from
（ ）20. There is a picture _____ my family on the wall.（2010.重庆）
A. of B. up C. after D. to
备考实战演练:介词是历年中考中的重点与难点，为了更好的使用介词的用法，以下20道练习供同学们检测一下自己对介词的掌握程度。
（ ）1. ---How are you going to meet your uncle ______ next Monday?
---______ bus.
A. /; By B. in; On C. on; By D. /; On
（ ）2. We traveled overnight to Pairs and arrived _____ 5o’clock _____ the morning.
A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on
（ ）3. She sent her friend a postcard _____ a birthday present.
A. on B. as C. for D. of
（ ）4. English is widely used _____ travelers and business people all over the world.
A. to B. for C. as D. by
（ ）5. Hong Kong is_____ the south of China, and Macau is _____ the west of Hong Kong.
A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in
（ ）6. ---You’d better not go out now. It’s raining.
---It doesn’t matter. My new coat can keep______ rain.
A. in B. of C. with D. off
（ ）7. A tsunami（海啸）happened in some southern Asian countries _____December 2004.
A. at B. on C. in D. by
（ ）8. Tim’s mom is worried _____ her son’s eyesight as he plays online games too much.
A. for B. about C. with D. of
（ ）9. Lian Zhan, the Chairman of the KMT, enjoyed the scenery of the Huangpu River _____ the night of May 1 st.
A. at B. in C. on D. over
（ ）10. They have been in this city _____ three years ago.
A. for B. about C. since D. in
（ ）11. ---I think drinking milk is good ______ our health.
---Yes. I agree ______ you.
A. for; with B. to; to C. with; to D. at; with
（ ）12. Nobody can go into the station _____ a ticket.
A. with B. without C. except D. by
（ ）13. There is a car _____ the building.
A. on front of B. in front of C. at front of D. by front of
（ ）14. _____ a rainy morning, Lucy fell ______ the bike onto the ground..
A. In; off B. At; down C. On; of D. On; off
（ ）15. ---Would you like some coffee?
---Yes. Please give me some milk, too. I prefer coffee _____ milk.
A. to B. with C. than D. of
（ ）16. ---Daniel, your books are in a terrible mess on your desk.
---Really sorry. I’ll ______ at once.
A. put them away B. put them out C. put them on D. put them down
（ ）17. What would you like to do ______ such a bad boy?
A. with B. on C. at D. in
（ ）18. ---I’m sorry. I didn’t do a good job.
---That’s OK. You did your best ______.
A. after all B. in all C. at all D. first of all
（ ）19. He has got a chair to sit______, but nobody to talk _____.
A. on; to B. /; with C. on; / D. /; to
（ ）20. Where’s Lily? We are all there ______ her.
A. beside B. about C. except D. with

八、连词
考纲要求
1. 掌握并列连词和相关词组的用法。
2. 掌握从属连词的用法。
考点基础梳理
连词主要用于连接单词与单词、短语与短语以及句子与句子。连词主要分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。
考点1.并列连词和连词词组
1.常见的并列连词

分类
连词
意义及用法
例句
并
列
连
词

and
“和，而且”表示并列关系
Work hard , and you will succeed.
but
“但是”，表示转折关系，不和though或although 连用。
English is widely used in our life, but I just know a little.
or
“或者，否则”表示选择关系
Put on more clothes, or you will get a cold.
so
“因此，所以”表示因果关系，不和because同时使用。
His mother was ill, so he stayed at home and looked after her.
for
“因为”表示因果关系
The days are long, for it is May now.
2.常见的连词词组
（1）either…or…“或者…或者…”
Either you or I am going to attend the meeting.或者你或者我将参加这个会议。
（2）neither…nor…“既不……也不……”
Neither I nor he has seen the play. 我和他都没有看过这部话剧。
（3）not only…but also…“不但……而且……”
Not only you but also he speaks.不但你而且他也会讲。
（4）both…and…“…和…两个都…”
When I was in the university, I learned both English and Japanese.
在我读大学期间，我同时学习英语和日语
（5）as well as“也；和”
I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays.
我读过他的一部小说，也读过他的一些剧本。
考点2从属连词
分类
连词
意义及用法
例句

从
属
连
词

that
无意义，引导从句，口语可省
I’m sorry that I can’t come.
whether, if
“是否”，引导宾语从句，不可省略。
I don’t know whether he’ll come or not.
when, while, as,
before, after, until
都表示时间，引导时间状语从句。当主句是将来时态时，从句要用一般现在时。
I’ll discuss this with you when we meet next time.
The bus won’t start until everybody gets on.
because, as, since
表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句
We didn’t buy the car because it was too expensive.
if, unless
表示“如果”，“除非”，引导条件状语从句。主句是一般现在时，则从句用一般将来时。
If it rains, the match will be put off.
though, although, even, if
表示“尽管”“即使”，引导让步状语从句。although, though不能和but同时连用。
Although/ Though she was tired, she kept on working.
so that, in order that
表示目的，引导目的状语从句。
He raised his voice so that/ in order that we could hear him.
so… that, so that, such…that
表示结果，引导结果状语从句。
He came so late that he missed the class.
that, as…as
表示比较，引导比较状语从句。
You are taller than I.
典例透析探究:在近几年的中考中，连词的主要考查题型体现在单项填空、完形填空和看图短文填空等。在解题时，根据句意分析判断使用什么连词。
例1 ______ you_____ your brother can join us. We want one of you. （2010. 广东）
A．Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
[解析]此题考查连词的用法。由关键词one of you得知应该选C。both…and…表示“两者都”，neither…nor表示“两者都不”，not only…but also表示“不但…而且…”,只有either…or表示“或者…或者，要么…要么”符合题意。故选C。
例2 ---Which would you like to drink, coffee, or orange juice?（2010. 广东）
---_______. Please give me a cup of tea.
A．Neither B. Both C. All D. None
[解析]此题考查连词的用法。由关键词tea得知应该选A。both表示“两者都”，neither 表示“两者都不”，all表示“三者或三者以上都”，none表示“三者或三者以上的都不”，只有neither符合题意，故选择A。
例3 He took the MP3 player with him___he could enjoy music during the trip.（2009. 广东）
A．at; on B. at; in C. in; at D. in; on
[解析]because 表示原因，so that表示目的，when表示时间，由句意可知前后为目的关系，故选B。
例4 ______ I had asked Mike to close the windows before he went out, _____Mike forgot to do so. （2010. 广东）
A．Though; / B. Though; but C. Till;/ D. Until; /
[解析]英语中表示“虽然...但是…”时，though与but不能连用，而只能选择其中之一。故选A。
中考真题热身：连词是一种虚词，不能在句中单独作句子成分。为了更好的巩固所学内容，本栏为同学们准备了历年来有代表性的二十道真题。
（ ）1. ---What do you like doing after class? (2010. 广东)
---I like not only reading _______ painting.
A. and B. but also C. or D. for
（ ）2. We’ll visit Expo 2010 Shanghai this Sunday _____ it rains or it’s very hot. (苏州)
A. since B. if C. unless D. until
（ ）3. Money is important, _____ it can’t buy everything. (2010上海)
A. for B. but C. or D. so
（ ）4. ---Hurry up! The bus is coming. (2010. 宁波)
---Wait a minute. Don’t cross the street _______ the traffic lights are green.
A. until B. after C. while D. since
（ ）5. ---Which of the caps will you take? (2010. 成都)
---I’ll take _______ , one for my father, the other for my brother.
A. neither B. both C. all
（ ）6. Mr Brown knew nothing about the good news_____ his wife told it to him.(南宁)
A. before B. after C. since D. if
（ ）7. Bill can’t buy the new CD player ____ he has run out of his money.(2010 北海)
A. because B. but C. though D.so
（ ）8. I’d like to go, ________ I am too busy. (2010 广东)
A. and B. but C. so
（ ）9. ______ I ______ she have been to Shanghai. (2010 广东)
A. Either; or B. Both; and C. Neither; nor D. Neither; or
（ ）10. We have to get up at 7：15 tomorrow morning, ____ we will be late for the 7:40 train. (2009 广东)
A. before B. or C. if D. so
（ ）11. What were you doing ____ Zhang Fan came in? (2010 四川)
A. when B. while C. where
（ ）12. Billy can make hamburgers, ____ he