机械专业英语考试重点词汇.doc

Dynamic representation 动力学原理The energy loss 能量损失The actuating force 作用力The heat-dissipating surface 散热面The distribution of pressure 压力分布Static equilibrium 静平衡The conditions of static equilibrium 静平衡条件The support reaction 支反力矩Shoe 闸瓦 The coefficient of friction 摩擦系数The unit normal force 单位法向力The equivalent normal force 当量法向力The hinge pin 铰链中心Substituting for N 用代表NIn the horizontal and vertical directions 在水平方向和垂直方向All points of contact 所有接触点Self-locking 自锁The self-energizing effect 自激励效应Simple in construction and quite powerful 结构简单力量大Slip 打滑They do not slip 不打滑The overload point 过载点Freewheel 空转The driven member of a machine 被传动件The through and blind holes 通孔和盲孔The sheets of composites 复合材料模板The machined surface 加工表面Intricate shape 复杂的形状The sharp corner 尖角Die-making industry 模具制造业Heat treatment 热处理Electric arc 电弧High temperature have a multitude of use 高温有许多用途Nonferrous metal 有色金属Waste metal recovery operation 废金属回收处理Close dimensions 严格按照尺寸我们对合成比分析更感兴趣We are interested more in synthesis than analysis .轴向离合器是一种沿着平行于轴方向运动的摩擦元件啮合的离合器。An axial clutch is one in which the mating frictional members are moved in a direction parallel to the shaft .我们更关心获得轴向力F需要产生一个确定的扭矩T和压力P。We are interested in obtaining the axial force F necessary to produce a certain torque T and pressure p .当发生了一定的摩擦之后，压力分布将发生一定的变化以致使得摩擦变均匀。After a certain amount of wear has taken place , the pressure distribution will change so as to permit the wear to be uniform.他们不能在高速时啮合。They cannot be engaged at high speeds.有时两轴静止时他们不能啮合。Sometimes they cannot be engaged when both shafts at rest.在任何速度下啮合都带有冲击。Engagement at any speed is accompanied by shock.有时采用轮齿或爪齿，它们以圆周方向相切，也可以以圆柱面方向配合。Sometime a great many teeth or jaws are used , and they may be cut either circumferentially , so that they engage by cylindrical mating , or on the faces of the mating elements.通过套筒与凸轮平面间的滚柱楔紧来实现传动。Driving action is obtained by wedging the rollers between the sleeve and the cam flats.在求解刚性离合器各个部分的应力和疲劳时，疲劳和冲击载荷必须被考虑。Both fatigue and shock loads must be considered in obtaining the stresses and deflections of the various portions of positive clutches.超声波加工特别适用于加工硬脆的材料，因为它的加工工具不直接接触工件。Ultrasonic machining is particularly suitable for machining hard、brittle materials because the machining tool does not come in contact with the workpiece .用很高的压力把磨液从喷嘴抽吸出来。Liquids , in which abrasive particles are suspended are pumped under extremely high pressure out form a nozzle.高压泵 high-pressure pump 化学加工就是用腐蚀剂腐蚀工件的加工表面，从而使腐蚀剂和金属表面发生化合溶解。Chemical machining involves attacking the surfaces of the workpiece to be machined by an etchant .which reacts with the metal and dissolves the resulting chemical compound.电化学加工与电渡的机理是相反的，但所用的设备是差不多的。The mechanism with which electrochemical machining （ECM）takes place is reciprocal to that of the electroplating process . Although similar equipment is used in both cases.在电化学加工中，工件接阳极，作为加工工具的铜环接阴极。In electrochemical machining , the workpiece is connected to the anode，while the cathode is connected to a copper ring is used as the machining tool.电火花加工用于生产形状复杂的零件，而且可以加工所以金属材料，不论材料是韧性材料还是脆性材料。Electrodischarge machining （EDM）is used for producing parts having intricate shapes and can be applied to all metallic matcrials . whether they are ductile or brittle.hehheheh