衔接点08-状语从句(教案)-2023年初升高英语无忧衔接(上海专用).docx

08 状语从句 一、时间状语从句连词：as; after; before; once; since; till;(not)until; as soon as; when; whenever(no matter when); while; as long as; no sooner.than;hardly/scarcely/barely.when（刚.就.）;副词：immediately;directly;instantly;名词短语：the moment;the minute;the instant;the second;every time等介词短语：by the time等1、when的用法（1）when既可引导一个持续性动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作，可用于表示主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作，有时还可表示从句动作后于主句，意为“当.时候”。（2）when在be about to do.when.，be doing.when.，had done.when.，be on ones way.when.，be on the point of doing.when.等结构中，作“那时突然”讲。（3）when “既然、鉴于；尽管，虽然（位于主句之后）；如果”2、while的用法（1）表示“当.时候”，引导的动作必须是延续性的。（2）用作并列连词，表示相对关系“然而”。（3）引导让步状语从句，相当于although,意为“虽然”，位于主句前。（4）引导条件状语从句，相当于as/so long as，意为“只要”。3、as 的用法（1）表示“当.时候”，强调同时发生，不指先后。（2）说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，表示“随着”，表示时间的推移。（3）表示“一边.一边.”。（4）强调两个动作紧接着发生。（5）表示“虽然，尽管”。（6）其他含义“正如，正像”，“作为”，“由于，因为”。4、before的用法（1）一般意为“在.之前”“.才”，“.就”“还没有.”“免得”“不知不觉”“宁可，宁愿”，“否则，要不然”。（2）It + will be/was + 时间段+before+一般现在时/一般过去时。在肯定句中，意为“多长时间之后才”；在否定句中，意为“用不了多长时间就”。5、until和till（1）与肯定句连用，必须是延续性动词。（2）与否定句连用，必须是非延续性动词，表示“直到.才，在.之前不.”。注意：not until可用于强调句和倒装句强调句：It is/was not untilthat倒装句：not until 放句首时，主句要部分倒装。6、since的用法（1）since后是非延续性动词，时间起点从该动作发生算起，意为“做某事多久了”；since后是延续性动词，时间起点从该动作结束算起，意为“不做某事已有多长时间”。（2）It is/has been +时间段+since+一般过去时7、表示“一.就.”的句型（1）as soon as, once,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译作“一.就.”，这类从句中，经常用一般现在时态代替将来时态。（2）on doing sth.或“on ones+名词”作时间状语。8、有些名词和副词可以起连接词的作用，引导时间状语从句。注意：时间状语从句中不用将来时态。若要表示将来时间，可用一般现在时态表示。但when引导名词性从句时，从句中要使用将来时。二、地点状语从句引导词：where;wherever;everywhere;anywhere等,有时,where还可以引导抽象地点。注意：where与where的区别：where表特定的地点，而wherever表示非特定的地点。wherever=to/at any place where地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：Where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则无先行词。三、原因状语从句引导词：because, since,as, now that, not that, but that, seeing that, considering that, in that注意：for也可以表示原因，属并列连词，但不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示补充说明理由。四、目的状语从句引导词：in order that, so that, for fear that, in case (以防），lest（以免)1. in order that, so that在in order that，so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语通常由“may/might+动词”构成。They started early so that they might arrive in time.2. for fear that，in case（1）for fear that意为“生怕某种不好的事会发生”，后面常用虚拟语气，但若表示可能实现或可能发生的事，也可不用虚拟语气。Hes working hard for fear (that) he should fail.（2）in case解释为“以防”。He will come to the office in case he is wanted.注意：1、in case 还可表示“万一，假如”。2、目的状语从句可以用so as to, in order to 等不定式代替，但主句和从句的主语必须一致。五、结果状语从句引导词：so.that（如此.以至于.），such.that（如此.以至于.），so that（结果是），with the result that（所以，结果是）注意：（1）so.that与such.that的区别So+adj/adv+that从句；So+adj+a/an+单数名词+that从句；Such+adj+复数可数名词+that从句；Such+adj+不可数名词+that从句；Such+a/an+adj+单数名词+that从句；So many/few+复数名词So much/little+不可数名词（2）so that引导的目的状语从句与so that 引导的结果状语从句目的状语从句一般使用情态动词，结果状语从句一般不使用情态动词；结果状语从句常常用逗号与主句分开。（3）so.that与so.as;such.that与such.asSo.that/such.that为结果状语从句；so.as/such.as为定语从句。六、条件状语从句引导词：if;unless;only if（只要）;if only（但愿.就好了）;as/so long as;provided/providing that（假如）;suppose/supposing that（假如）;on condition that（条件是.）;in the event that（倘若）;in case that（万一）等。分类：真实条件句；主将从现；主情从现；主祈从现；非真实条件句（虚拟语气）【点击文字即可学习虚拟语气】Only if和if only的区别：Only if（只要.）引导陈述语气的真实条件句时，放于句首需要主句进行部分倒装；If only（但愿.就好了）引导虚拟条件句，也可引导感叹句；Eg1：Only if you worked hard will you achieve success.Eg2：If only we had arrived at the airport in time,we could have met him.七、方式状语从句引导词：as;as if;as though;the way;how等Eg：Do it the way(that)you were told.注意：1、固定句型A is to B what C is to D.意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。2、as if, as though引导的从句若与事实相反，用虚拟语气；若与事实相符，不用虚拟语气。八、让步状语从句引导词：though/although;while;as;even if/though;however;whatever;no matter what/how/where/when; whether.or;granted that（即使）;for all that（尽管如此）;in spite of the fact that;regardless of the fact that（尽管）;despite;用法：（1）no matter+疑问词（who,what,where,when,how）引导让步状语从句，表示“无论，不管.”相当于“疑问句+ever”【注意】“疑问句+ever”引导名词性从句，不可用“no matter+疑问词”互换。Eg1：Ill eat whatever(no matter what)you give me.whatever引导宾语从句（2）as和though 引导的让步状语从句中，as必须使用倒装结构；though可用可不用。Eg2：Selfish as he is,he is not without meritsEg3：Much as/though I like English, I am going to choose civil engineering as my major（3）While（然而）引导让步状语从句时，放于句首。注意：（1）though,although,as的区别A、Though,although的主句中可以用yet, still, nevertheless,但不可使用but。B、though引导的从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装；as引导的从句必须倒装；although引导的从句不能倒装。其结构为：形容词/分词/副词/动词原形/名词（无冠词）+as/though+主语+谓语（2）though可用作副词，放在句末，意为“不过，但是”。Although无此用法。（3）某些短语也引导让步的从句或短语，意为“尽管”，如：in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that, regardless of（the fact that）九、比较状语从句引导词：as.as（和一样），not as/so.as（和不一样），than（比），the more.the more.（越越）十、状语从句中的省略问题1、在状语从句中如果主语与主句的主语一致，同时从句中又含有系动词be，则通常可省去从句的主语和系动词be，留下其余部分。2、若状语从句中主语是it, 动词是系动词be, 则通常可省去主语it及系动词be,留下其余部分。EG1: When (these products were)first introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success.EG2: If(it is)true, this will cause us lots of trouble.几对需区分的状语从句的连接词1、引导时间状语从句的when,while和as。（前文有，此处再次强调）1)When意为“当.的时候”；引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词, 也可以是短暂性动词。EG1：Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?注意常考的句型：be about to dowhen=be on the point of doingwhen 正要做这时突然be doingwhen正在做这时突然had just done when刚做完这时突然2)while 意为“当.的时候”；引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性动词。注意：while还可以作并列连词表示“但是, 然而”, 表示两种情况对比；也可引导让步状语从句表“尽管, 虽然”。EG2：Strike while the iron is hot. (is为延续性动词,表示一种持续的状态)趁热打铁.EG3：He was playing the guitar while his sister was watching TV.他在弹吉他而他妹妹在看电视。EG4：While I like the mobilephone greatly, I wont buy it.尽管我非常喜欢这部移动电话, 但是我不会买。3)as 意为“一边.一边.;当.的时候 ;随着”; 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性动词, 但侧重强调主、从句动作同点或同段进行。EG5：The students took notes as they listened. (listen为延续性动词)学生们边听课边做笔记.EG6: As time wen on, I gradually fell in love English. 随着时间的推移, 我逐渐地爱上了英语。=With time going on,I gradually fell in love English.注意：as还可以引导原因状从句表“因为, 由于”和让步状语从句表“尽管, 虽然”, 具体用法见后。 2、引导原因状语从句的because, as 和since。1) because语势最强, 用来说明人所不知的原因, 回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知, 就用as或 since。 EG7: I didnt go, because I was ill at that time. 我没有去, 因为我那时病了。 EG8: Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.既然天气如此糟糕, 我们不得不推迟旅途。2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末, 且前面有逗号, 则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因, 而是多种情况加以推断, 就只能用for。 EG9: He is absent today, becausefor he is ill.他今天缺席了, 因为他病了。EG10: He must be ill , for he is absent today. 他肯定生病了, 因为他今天缺席了。 3、引导让步状语从句的although, though 和 as。这三个词都表示“尽管, 虽然”, 用法的区别主要在于倒装问题上：Although 不能倒装, though可以倒装也可以不倒装, as必须倒装。倒装一般分为三种情况：1） 表语提前, 构成倒装。EG11:Though/Althoughshe is very pretty,she is not clever.虽然她很漂亮, 但是她不聪明。Prettythoughshe is,she is not clever.EG12:Though/Althoughhe was disabled ,he tried his best to serve the people.虽然他残疾了, 但他仍尽力为人民服务。Disabledashe was,he tried his best to serve the people.虽然他是个孩子, 但能讲流利的英语。EG13:Although/Thoughhe is a child,he speaks fluent English.Childashe is,he speaks fluent English.（名词单数前不用不定冠词a）EG14:Though/Althoughhe is the shortest,he is the richest of the three.虽然他是三个人中最矮的, 却是最富有的。Shortestashe is,he is the richest of the three.（形容词最高级前去定冠词 the）2）动词提前, 构成倒装。EG15:Though/Althoughthey searched,they could not find anything in the house.虽然他们搜遍了, 却没在房子里找到任何东西。Searchasthey did,they could not find anything in the house.EG16:Though/AlthoughI failed,I would try again.尽管我失败了, 但我还要再试。Fail as I didI would try again.Though she may try again,she wont pass it.EG17: Tryasshe may, she wont pass it. 尽管愿意再试, 她还是不会通过的。3）副词提前, 构成倒装。EG18:Though/Althoughhe tried hard,he couldnt pass the exam.尽管他努力了, 他还没有通过考试。Hardashe tried,he couldnt pass the exan.EG19:Though/AlthoughI listened attentively,I still couldnt understand what he said at the meeting. 尽管我专心听了, 我还是不懂他在会议上说的话。AttentivelyasI listened,I still couldnt understand what he said at the meeting.EG20:Though/Althoughhe ran the fastest,he still didnt catch the train.尽管他跑得最快, 仍没有赶上火车。Fastestashe ran,he still didnt catch the train.（副词最高级前不用定冠词 the） 状语从句其它常考考点1、As time went by=with time going by 随着时间的流失EG21:As time went by, I started to understand that a funeral could be a way to celebrate the life of the dead.一天天过去, 我开始懂得葬礼可以成为一种赞美逝者生命的方式2、When it comes to.当谈到.的时候EG22：When it comes to diet and exercise, we know what to do, but we dont do what we know.当提到饮食和运动的时候, 我们都知道怎么去做, 但是我们不会按照我们知道的去做。3、So.that.与such.that.表“如此.以至于.”用法1）so的句型：一般来说, so后面接adj./advso+adj/adv.+thatSo+adj+a/an+名词+that So many/much/few/little +名词+that2)注意：such的句型：一般说来, such后接名词或名词短语such a /an+adj.+n.+that=so +adj.+a/an +n+thatSuch+adj+名词+that3)So+adj./adv. 或such+名词谓语句首时, 主句要倒装。EG23:It is so good a story that Ill never forget it.=So good a story is it that Ill never forget it.=Such a good story that Ill never forget it. 一、根据语境在空白处填入适当的状语从句的连词1_regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. (状语从句)【答案】Although/Though/While/Even though考查状语从句从属连词。句意：虽然（尽管）有规律的锻炼很重要，但是在睡前锻炼绝对不是一个好主意。后文“its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime”和前文“regular exercise is very important”语义转折，所以空格处可用although或though或while或even though“虽然；尽管”引导让步状语从句。句首字母大写，故填Although/Though/While/Even though。2I will be grateful _ you could give me a kind consideration.【答案】if 考查连词。句意：如果你能体谅我，我将不胜感激。分析语境可知，此空表条件，是一个条件状语从句，if意为“如果”，所以用连词if。故填if。3_ I showed my answer to him，the teacher praised me for my independent thinking.【答案】When 句意：当我向他展示我的答案时，老师称赞我的独立思考能力。分析语境可知，此空表“当时候”，是一个时间状语从句，When意为“当时候”，所以用连词When。故填When。4_cleaning street is no more than an ordinary job，it contributes to the society.【答案】Although 句意：虽然清扫街道只是一项普通的工作，但它对社会有贡献。分析语境可知，此空表让步（退一步说某件事），是一个让步状语从句，Although意为“虽然但、尽管”，所以用连词Although。故填Although。5Good opinions are worth sticking to _they can benefit us all.【答案】because 考查连词。句意：好的意见值得坚持，因为它们能使我们大家受益。分析语境可知，前后两句是因果关系，是一个原因状语从句，because意为“因为”，所以用连词because。故填because。6Leave your key with a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day.【答案】in case 句意：把钥匙留给邻居，以防有一天你把自己锁在外面。分析语境可知，此空表条件，是一个条件状语从句，in case意为“以免、以防万一”，所以用连词in case。故填in case。7It took nearly two hundred years _I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.【答案】before 句意：我被查尔斯巴贝奇建成一台分析机器花了将近两百年。分析语境可知，此处表用时近两百年，固定句型It takes some time before意为“在之间要花一段时间、这需要一些时间”，所以用before。故填before。二、选用适当的单词或短语补全句子8The famous scientist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.9_ much advice you give him, he does what he wants.10He carried the book _ he went, in case he was seized by sudden inspiration.11_ takes on this job, he will have to be faced with the challenging situation he has never experienced before.12_ she has spared no effort in learning, she still couldnt live up to her parents expectation.13_ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.14A student of mid-level intelligence could become an excellent one _ he is able to arrange his time in a proper order.15It is comforting to see that small _ we may be, we are doing our part for the environment.16I took my driving licence with me on holiday, _ I wanted to hire a car.17I wondered _ or not we could complete our task on time.【答案】8where 考查地点状语从句。句意：这位著名的科学家在他出生的地方长大，并于1930年来到上海。分析句子结构可知，空处引导地点状语从句，因从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。9However 考查让步状语从句。句意：无论你给他少建议，他还是做他想做的事情。此处为让步状语从句，however是连接副词，常作状语修饰形容词或副词；whatever是连接代词，常修饰名词，或单独使用，此处名词advice前有much修饰，故填However。10wherever考查地点状语从句。句意：走到哪儿他都带着这本书，以防突然来了灵感。分析句子结构可知，空处引导地点状语从句，表示“在的任何地方”，相当于everywhere，故填wherever。11No matter who考查让步状语从句。句意：无论谁接手这项工作，他都必须面对从未经历过的挑战性局面。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处引导让步状语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“无论是谁”，故填No matter who。12Although/Though考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管她努力学习，她仍然无法达到父母的期望。根据句意可知前后是让步关系，故填Although/ Though。13Unless考查条件状语从句。句意：除非你睡得好，否则你会在一两个晚上后失去集中注意力、计划和积极性。根据句意可知此处引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”，故填Unless。14as long as考查条件状语从句。句意：一个中等智力水平的学生只要能合理安排他的时间也能成为优等生。根据句意可知此处引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”，故填as long as。15though 考查让步状语从句的倒装。句意：虽然我们可能很渺小，但我们为环境尽了自己的一份力量，看到这些令人感到欣慰。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导让步状语从句且使用了倒装结构，故填though。16in case考查目的状语从句。句意：我在假期时带着驾照，以防我想租车。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处引导目的状语从句，意为“以防”，故填in case。17whether 考查宾语从句。句意：我想知道我们能不能按时完成任务。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处用whether引导宾语从句，与空后的“or not”构成搭配，表示“是否”，故填whether。三、完成句子18男孩焦急地在操场上到处跑着，仿佛在找什么丢失的东西。（状语从句的省略）The boy is running anxiously here and there in the playground_.【答案】as if searching for something lost考查状语从句的省略。本句为状语从句的省略，再结合句意可知，还原后为：as if the boy is searching for something lost,因主句主语和从句主语相同，且从句有be 动词，故省略了主语和be动词。故填as if searching for something lost。19有必要时你需要做些提升。(when状语从句的省略)You need to _.【答案】make some improvements when necessary.考查动词短语和状语从句的省略。表示“做一些提升”为make some improvements，因为need to do sth.，所以用动词原形；表示“有必要时”用when引导时间状语从句的省略，完整的从句应该是when it is necessary，这是一种习惯上的省略，省掉it is。故填make some improvements when necessary。20虽然十分疲倦，我们对能够帮助别人感到兴奋。（状语从句的省略）_, we felt excited to be able to help others.【答案】Although/ Though quite tired考查状语从句的省略。根据句意可知，从句表示让步，故可用although或though引导让步状语从句，该句可译although/ though we were quite tired，又因从句中主语与主句主语一致，并且谓语动词为be的形式，故可省去we were，故填Although/ Though quite tired。21考试的时候,不要作弊,否则你将会受到严厉的惩罚。(状语从句的省略)Dont cheat _. Otherwise, you will be severely punished.【答案】while taking an exam考查省略。在一些状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，而且从句的谓语中含有be动词，可以将从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。此处主句为祈使句，暗含的主句主语为you，与从句主语一致。从句补充完整是while you are taking an exam，此处省略了you are。故填while taking an exam。22_, he took an umbrella with him.他每次出门都带着伞。(every time引导状语从句)【答案】Every time he went out考查时间状语和时态。短语every time可以作连词使用，引导时间状语从句，意思是“每次”。“出去”表达为go out，是从句谓语动词；根据主句时态可判定从句也应用一般过去时。故填Every time he went out。23随着一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强。(as引导的时间状语从句）_ , China is getting richer and stronger.【答案】As years go by考查时间状语从句。分析句子可知，设空处应为时间状语从句，从句主语应是years，谓语应是短语go by，译为“时间流逝”，根据句意，此处应使用一般现在时。故填As years go by。24自从他3年前离开，我们没有见过彼此。(since引导时间状语从句)We havent seen each other _ 3 years ago.【答案】since he left考查时态和连词。根据汉语提示，此处用since引导时间状语从句，此时主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时，故“他离开”应用he left表示。故填since he left。25_ she will take me to the park. 如果我妈妈有空, 她将会带我去公园。(if引导条件状语从句)【答案】If my mother is free考查状语从句和动词时态。句意：如果我妈妈有空, 她将会带我去公园。if如果，引导条件状语从句；my mother我的妈妈，从句主语；be是，谓语；free空闲的，形容词作表语；结合主句的“will take”可知，if引导的条件状语从句使用一般现在时，主语为my moth