衔接点05-非谓语动词(教案)-2023年初升高英语无忧衔接(上海专用).docx

05 非谓语动词非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词的形式包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下：1.不定式基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）进行式：to be doing（表示主动和进行）完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成）完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成）完成进行式：to have been doing（表示主动和完成进行） The teacher told us to do morning exercises.老师让我们做早操。The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时，她假装正在读书。 The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。 The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。 She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。 2. 动名词基本形式：doing （表示主动）被动式：being done（表示被动）完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成） Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。 Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans.Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。 I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。 Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。 3. 现在分词基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行）被动式：being done（表示被动和进行）完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成） He sat there，reading a newspaper.他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。 The area being studied may be rich in coal.这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。 Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV.完成作业后，我开始看电视。 Having been told many times，she still can t remember it.已经被告诉了很多次，她仍然记不住。 4. 过去分词：done及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。 polluted river 被污染的河流；fallen leaves 落叶 注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。 非谓语动词的语法除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。 1. 不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。To learn a foreign language is difficult .（作主语）学会一门外语是很难的。Its easy to see their aunt.（作真正主语，it做形式主语）很容易见到他们的姑姑。 Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.（作宾语）汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。 His wish is to be a driver.（作表语）他的愿望是当一名司机。 I have nothing to say.（作定语）我没有什么可说的。 The teacher told us to do morning exercises . （作宾语补足语）老师让我们做早操。 They went to see their aunt. （目的状语）他们去见他们的姑姑。 2. 动名词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。Learning English is very difficult .（作主语）学英语非常困难。 I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语）我喜欢跳舞。 I have got used to living in the country.（作介词宾语）我已经习惯了住农村。 His job is driving a bus.（作表语）他的工作是开车。 3. 现在分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语The story is interesting.这个故事有趣。 He sat there，reading a newspaper.（作状语）他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。 The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定语）这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。 He saw the thiefstealing some money from the bank.（作宾补）他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。 4. 过去分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语He is interested in the news.（作表语）他对这则消息很感兴趣。 polluted river（做定语）被污染的河流 Given more time,I can do my work better.（做状语）如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。 I found my watch stolen.（做宾补） 我发现我的手表被偷了。 非谓语动词重难点1. 须用省去to 的不定式（do）作宾补的11个动词。五看（see、watch、notice、observe、look at）两听（hear、listen to）三使（make、let、have）一感觉（feel）根据谐音记忆法，我们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一感觉”。 I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday. 昨天，我看到一只大鸟飞过了屋顶。注意：以上11个动词，也可以接现在分词和过去分词作宾补，但在时间和语态上会有变化，我们以see为例来区分一下。 see sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事 see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事see sb./sth. done 看到某人/某物被. I see him make the phone call.我看到他打了电话。（他打电话的整个动作我都看见了） I see him making a phone call.我看到他正在打电话。（强调看到他正在打电话,并没有看见全过程.） We often see him surrounded by much work.我们常常看见他被大量的工作包围着. 2. 只接不定式（不能接动名词）作宾语的25个常用动词want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse3. 只接动名词（不能接不定式）作宾语的28个常用动词practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、mind、miss、permit、prohibit 4. 既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8个动词remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（未做）remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做） forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做）forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做） regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事（未做） regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事（已做） try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 mean to do sth. 计划做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 cant help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情 5. 所有非谓语动词的完成形式都不能做定语如to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done 和 having been done。非谓语动词解题步骤1. 判断非谓语动作的逻辑主语，以此来确定它表示主动含义还是被动含义。非谓动词做定语时，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词。非谓语动作做状语时，其逻辑主语是句子主语。非谓语动作做宾补时，其逻辑主语是它前面的宾语。 2. 判断非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后关系。和谓语动作同时发生表示进行，应用以上提到的进行式（to be doing和doing）；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来，应用（to do和to be done）；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成，应用（to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done、having been done和done）。 （1）An exercise method to improve strength and balance is becoming popular in the United States. A. designing B. designed C. to be designedD. being designed【答案与解析】B “设计”在这里是定语，修饰其前的“an exercise method”，所以其逻辑主语应该是它的被修饰词“an exercise method”，所以表被动。因为“设计”这个动词在这里本身已经完成，所以应用表示被动完成含义的designed。（2）Open your heart, and youll make yourself better _.A. known B. knowing C. to knowD. know 【答案与解析】A “知道，了解”在这里做宾补，所以其逻辑主语是其前的宾语yourself，yourself和“知道，了解”在这里是被动关系，所以选择过去分词known。 单句语法填空1.【全国甲卷】It is possible 43 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.【答案】考查动词不定式。此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。2.【全国乙卷】Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim 70 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.【答案】考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。3.【新高考卷】But thats how nature is always leaving us 60 (astonish).【答案】考查过去分词转换过来的形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。3.【新高考卷】Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63 (ache) legs.【答案】句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用现在分词aching“正在疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。4.【浙江高考卷】Marys sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 43（plant） flowers in the front yard.【答案】考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝托德华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。5.【全国卷】Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Change-4 66(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.【答案】考查动词不定式。根据句子结构可知,此空处是非谓语动词。结合句意可知，此处用不定式表示目的，故填to find。6.【全国卷】They represent the earth 63.(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.【答案】考查非谓语动词。represent表示“代表”,后面接动名词的复合结构作宾语,此处指它们代表大地复苏以及对新的开始的美好祝愿，故填coming。7.【全国卷】They make great gifts and you see them many times 65.(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.【答案】考查非谓语动词。此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。them作see的宾语,指代橘树,和decorate之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词decorated作宾语补足语，故填decorated。8.【全国卷】They are easy 68.(care)for and make great presents.【答案】to care。考查非谓语动词。“主语(具体的人或物)+be+形容词+动词不定式”是一个固定句型,表示主语的特征,其中动词不定式只能用主动形式。此句型可以转换成it(形式主语)+be+形容词+动词不定式。9.【全国卷】The next morning he hired a boat and set out67(find) the well-known painter.【答案】to find。考查非谓语动词。set out开始,着手,出发。表达的是主语的目的和行为,应填to do不定式,即to find。10.【全国卷】 And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.【答案】surrounding。考查非谓语动词，根据and可知前后为两个非谓语动词并列,与rising一致,作宾语补足语，与宾语clouds是主动关系，故用surrounding。11.【新高考卷】Visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and imaginethem living at a different time in history or43 (walk)through a rainforest.【答案】walking考查imagine(sb.) doing 的用法,同时有考查了并列结构。12.【全国卷】Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive64 (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】to perform。考查动词不定式。本句为主系表结构,后常跟不定式作状语。13.【全国卷】When we got a call 69(say)she was short-listed,we thought it was a joke.【答案】saying。考查非谓语动词。结合句意分析句子结构可知(say)she was short-listed作定语修饰前面的名词call,且与call之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故使用v.-ing形式。单句改错练习（每句至多两处错误）1.【全国甲卷】Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.【答案】考查非谓语动词。dislike doing sth. 表示不喜欢做某事。故talk 改为talking。2.【全国乙卷】I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary.【答案】考查谓语动词与非谓语动词，此处混淆了谓语动词与非谓语动词。根据句中的and可知，water和tidy应为并列动作，都是谓语动词，所以动词形式应该保持一致。故把tidying改为tidy。3.【全国卷I】My mom told me how to preparing it.【答案】考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。4.【全国卷I】 I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook.【答案】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。tomatoes与fry之间是被动关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。5.【全国卷III】 I tell my mom that if were forced eat things, we may become ill.【答案】句意：我告诉我妈妈，如果我们被迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。be forced to do sth.被迫做某事，所以forced 后面加to。6.【全国卷III】 If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.【答案】考查动词的固定搭配。succeed in doing something“成功的做了某事”。故把manage 改为managing。7.【全国卷III】I want my cafe have a special theme such as like Tang Dynasty.【答案】考查动词的固定搭配。want sb to do sth“ 想要某人做某事”。故在have前加to。一、适当形式填空1. (encourage) by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. 2. (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. 3. He had a wonderful childhood, (travel) with his mother to all corners of the world. 4. (look) at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. 5. The lady walked around the shops, (keep) an eye out for bargains.6. I have a lot of readings (complete) before the end of this term. 7. It rained heavily in the south, (cause) serious flooding in several provinces. 8. A great number of students (question) said they were forced to practise the piano. 9. Mrs.White showed her students some old maps (borrow) from the library. 10. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank (buy) presents for my dad. 11. (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. 12. With the governments aid, those (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. 13. (complete) the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.14. The news shocked the public, (lead) to great concern about students safety at school. 15. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, send) supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. 16. (bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. 17. (remind) not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. 18. (give) the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow the international stars. 19. The children all turned (look) at the famous actress as she entered the classroom. 20. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, (kill) all four people on board. 21. Michaelsnewhouseislikeahugepalace, (compare) withhisoldone. 22. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But (find) it，I had to read the entire book. 23. (throw) their hats into the air，the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. 24. We finished the run in less than half the time (allow). 25. The trees (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.26. (complete) the project as planned，well have to work two more hours a day. 27. Im tired out. I stayed up the whole night, (study) for my midterm math exam. 28. (raise) peoples living standards, the central government will take more measures in the coming years. 29. He told me to start early, (remind) me that the roads would be crowded. 30. (import) from other countries, sand painting is now being recognized in China for its uniqueness and creativity. 31. (live) in the country, we had few social activities.32. She seems to prefer (watch) American TV Shows to talking to me.33. (control) her emotion, she buried her face in her hands. 34. The reporter apologized for any misunderstandings (cause) by his article on that film star. 35. (lower) the housing price, several measures have been adopted in the last two years. 36. Programmes, (design) to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity all over the world. 37. (gain) valuable experience, he asked to be sent to remote areas.38. The seats (reserve) for children and seniors are right at the front of the buses. 39. Many things such as going abroad and owning a car, (consider) impossible inthe past, are now very common. 40. After a long absence, I went back to college, (hope) to pick up where Id left off. 41. Was it (hold) the international conference that made the city the focus of this area? 42. Im sorry I was late. (make) up for it, let me treat you to a meal.43. (save) power, turn off the hot water after you are done showering.44. A person, when (challenge), can often do what is normally beyond his ability. 45. (offer) a better position at IBM, he became more and more confident of his ability. 46. Today, people are paying more and more attention to their health, (make) books on