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08 状语从句
一、时间状语从句
连词：as; after; before; once; since; till;(not)until; as soon as; when; whenever(no matter when); while; as long as; no sooner...than;hardly/scarcely/barely...when（刚...就...）;
副词：immediately;directly;instantly;
名词短语：the moment;the minute;the instant;the second;every time等
介词短语：by the time等
1、when的用法
（1）when既可引导一个持续性动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作，可用于表示主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作，有时还可表示从句动作后于主句，意为“当...时候”。
（2）when在be about to do...when...，be doing...when...，had done...when...，be on one’s way...when...，be on the point of doing...when...等结构中，作“那时突然”讲。
（3）when “既然、鉴于；尽管，虽然（位于主句之后）；如果”
2、while的用法
（1）表示“当...时候”，引导的动作必须是延续性的。
（2）用作并列连词，表示相对关系“然而”。
（3）引导让步状语从句，相当于although,意为“虽然”，位于主句前。
（4）引导条件状语从句，相当于as/so long as，意为“只要”。
3、as 的用法
（1）表示“当...时候”，强调同时发生，不指先后。
（2）说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，表示“随着”，表示时间的推移。
（3）表示“一边...一边...”。
（4）强调两个动作紧接着发生。
（5）表示“虽然，尽管”。
（6）其他含义“正如，正像”，“作为”，“由于，因为”。
4、before的用法
（1）一般意为“在...之前”“...才”，“...就”“还没有...”“免得”“不知不觉”“宁可，宁愿”，“否则，要不然”。
（2）It + will be/was + 时间段+before+一般现在时/一般过去时。在肯定句中，意为“多长时间之后才”；在否定句中，意为“用不了多长时间就”。
5、until和till
（1）与肯定句连用，必须是延续性动词。
（2）与否定句连用，必须是非延续性动词，表示“直到...才，在...之前不...”。
注意：not until可用于强调句和倒装句
强调句：It is/was not until…that…倒装句：not until 放句首时，主句要部分倒装。
6、since的用法
（1）since后是非延续性动词，时间起点从该动作发生算起，意为“做某事多久了”；since后是延续性动词，时间起点从该动作结束算起，意为“不做某事已有多长时间”。
（2）It is/has been +时间段+since+一般过去时
7、表示“一......就......”的句型
（1）as soon as, once,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译作“一...就...”，这类从句中，经常用一般现在时态代替将来时态。
（2）on doing sth.或“on one’s+名词”作时间状语。
8、有些名词和副词可以起连接词的作用，引导时间状语从句。
注意：时间状语从句中不用将来时态。若要表示将来时间，可用一般现在时态表示。但when引导名词性从句时，从句中要使用将来时。
二、地点状语从句
引导词：
where;wherever;everywhere;anywhere等,有时,where还可以引导抽象地点。
注意：where与where的区别：where表特定的地点，而wherever表示非特定的地点。
wherever=to/at any place where
地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：
Where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则无先行词。
三、原因状语从句
引导词：because, since,as, now that, not that…, but that…, seeing that, considering that, in that
注意：for也可以表示原因，属并列连词，但不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示补充说明理由。
四、目的状语从句
引导词：in order that, so that, for fear that, in case (以防），lest（以免)
1. in order that, so that
在in order that，so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语通常由“may/might+动词”构成。
They started early so that they might arrive in time.
2. for fear that，in case
（1）for fear that意为“生怕某种不好的事会发生”，后面常用虚拟语气，但若表示可能实现或可能发生的事，也可不用虚拟语气。
He’s working hard for fear (that) he should fail.
（2）in case解释为“以防”。
He will come to the office in case he is wanted.
注意：1、in case 还可表示“万一，假如”。
2、目的状语从句可以用so as to, in order to 等不定式代替，但主句和从句的主语必须一致。
五、结果状语从句
引导词：so...that（如此...以至于...），such...that（如此...以至于...），so that（结果是），with the result that（所以，结果是）
注意：
（1）so...that与such...that的区别
So+adj/adv+that从句；
So+adj+a/an+单数名词+that从句；
Such+adj+复数可数名词+that从句；
Such+adj+不可数名词+that从句；
Such+a/an+adj+单数名词+that从句；
So many/few+复数名词
So much/little+不可数名词
（2）so that引导的目的状语从句与so that 引导的结果状语从句
目的状语从句一般使用情态动词，结果状语从句一般不使用情态动词；
结果状语从句常常用逗号与主句分开。
（3）so...that与so...as;such...that与such...as
So...that/such...that为结果状语从句；so...as/such...as为定语从句。
六、条件状语从句
引导词：
if;unless;only if（只要）;if only（但愿...就好了）;as/so long as;provided/providing that（假如）;suppose/supposing that（假如）;on condition that（条件是...）;in the event that（倘若）;in case that（万一）等。
分类：真实条件句；——主将从现；主情从现；主祈从现；
非真实条件句（虚拟语气）【点击文字即可学习虚拟语气】
Only if和if only的区别：
Only if（只要...）引导陈述语气的真实条件句时，放于句首需要主句进行部分倒装；
If only（但愿...就好了）引导虚拟条件句，也可引导感叹句；
Eg1：Only if you worked hard will you achieve success.
Eg2：If only we had arrived at the airport in time,we could have met him.
七、方式状语从句
引导词：as;as if;as though;the way;how等
Eg：Do it the way(that)you were told.
注意：1、固定句型A is to B what C is to D.意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。
2、as if, as though引导的从句若与事实相反，用虚拟语气；若与事实相符，不用虚拟语气。
八、让步状语从句
引导词：
though/although;while;as;even if/though;however;whatever;no matter what/how/where/when; whether...or;granted that（即使）;for all that（尽管如此）;in spite of the fact that;regardless of the fact that（尽管）;despite;
用法：
（1）no matter+疑问词（who,what,where,when,how）引导让步状语从句，表示“无论，不管...”相当于“疑问句+ever”
【注意】“疑问句+ever”引导名词性从句，不可用“no matter+疑问词”互换。
Eg1：I'll eat whatever(≠no matter what)you give me.[whatever引导宾语从句]
（2）as和though 引导的让步状语从句中，as必须使用倒装结构；though可用可不用。
Eg2：Selfish as he is,he is not without merits
Eg3：Much as/though I like English, I am going to choose civil engineering as my major
（3）While（然而）引导让步状语从句时，放于句首。
注意：
（1）though,although,as的区别
A、Though,although的主句中可以用yet, still, nevertheless,但不可使用but。
B、though引导的从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装；as引导的从句必须倒装；although引导的从句不能倒装。
其结构为：形容词/分词/副词/动词原形/名词（无冠词）+as/though+主语+谓语……
（2）though可用作副词，放在句末，意为“不过，但是”。Although无此用法。
（3）某些短语也引导让步的从句或短语，意为“尽管”，如：in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that, regardless of（the fact that）
九、比较状语从句
引导词：as...as（和……一样），not as/so...as（和……不一样），than（比），the more...the more...（越……越……）
十、状语从句中的省略问题
1、在状语从句中如果主语与主句的主语一致，同时从句中又含有系动词be，则通常可省去从句的主语和系动词be，留下其余部分。
2、若状语从句中主语是it, 动词是系动词be, 则通常可省去主语it及系动词be,留下其余部分。
EG1: When (these products were) first introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
EG2: If (it is) true, this will cause us lots of trouble.
几对需区分的状语从句的连接词
1、引导时间状语从句的when,while和as。（前文有，此处再次强调）
1)When意为“当...的时候”；引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词, 也可以是短暂性动词。
EG1：Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?
注意常考的句型：
①be about to do…when=be on the point of doing…when… 正要做…这时突然
②be doing…when…正在做…这时突然
③had just done …when 刚做完…这时突然
2)while 意为“当....的时候”；引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性动词。注意：
while还可以作并列连词表示“但是, 然而”, 表示两种情况对比；也可引导让步状语从句表“尽管, 虽然”。
EG2：Strike while the iron is hot. (is为延续性动词,表示一种持续的状态)
趁热打铁.
EG3：He was playing the guitar while his sister was watching TV.
他在弹吉他而他妹妹在看电视。
EG4：While I like the mobilephone greatly, I won’t buy it.
尽管我非常喜欢这部移动电话, 但是我不会买。
3)as 意为“一边.....一边......;当....的时候 ;随着”; 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性动词, 但侧重强调主、从句动作同点或同段进行。
EG5：The students took notes as they listened. (listen为延续性动词)
学生们边听课边做笔记.
EG6: As time wen on, I gradually fell in love English. 随着时间的推移, 我逐渐地爱上了英语。
=With time going on, I gradually fell in love English.
注意：
as还可以引导原因状从句表“因为, 由于”和让步状语从句表“尽管, 虽然”, 具体用法见后。
2、引导原因状语从句的because, as 和since。
1) because语势最强, 用来说明人所不知的原因, 回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知, 就用as或 since。
EG7: I didn’t go, because I was ill at that time. 我没有去, 因为我那时病了。
EG8: Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
既然天气如此糟糕, 我们不得不推迟旅途。
2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末, 且前面有逗号, 则可以用for来代替。但如果
不是说明直接原因, 而是多种情况加以推断, 就只能用for。
EG9: He is absent today, because\for he is ill.他今天缺席了, 因为他病了。
EG10: He must be ill , for he is absent today. 他肯定生病了, 因为他今天缺席了。
3、引导让步状语从句的although, though 和 as。
这三个词都表示“尽管, 虽然”, 用法的区别主要在于倒装问题上：
Although 不能倒装, though可以倒装也可以不倒装, as必须倒装。倒装一般分为三种情况：
1） 表语提前, 构成倒装。
EG11: Though/Although she is very pretty,she is not clever.
虽然她很漂亮, 但是她不聪明。
→Pretty though she is,she is not clever.
EG12: Though/Although he was disabled ,he tried his best to serve the people.
虽然他残疾了, 但他仍尽力为人民服务。
→Disabled as he was,he tried his best to serve the people.
虽然他是个孩子, 但能讲流利的英语。
EG13: Although/Though he is a child,he speaks fluent English.
→Child as he is,he speaks fluent English.（名词单数前不用不定冠词a）
EG14:Though/Although he is the shortest,he is the richest of the three.
虽然他是三个人中最矮的, 却是最富有的。
→Shortest as he is,he is the richest of the three.（形容词最高级前去定冠词 the）
2）动词提前, 构成倒装。
EG15: Though/Although they searched,they could not find anything in the house.
虽然他们搜遍了, 却没在房子里找到任何东西。
→Search as they did,they could not find anything in the house.
EG16: Though/Although I failed,I would try again.尽管我失败了, 但我还要再试。
→Fail as I didI would try again.Though she may try again,she won't pass it.
EG17: Try as she may, she won't pass it. 尽管愿意再试, 她还是不会通过的。
3）副词提前, 构成倒装。
EG18: Though/Although he tried hard,he couldn't pass the exam.
尽管他努力了, 他还没有通过考试。
→Hard as he tried,he couldn't pass the exan.
EG19: Though/Although I listened attentively,I still couldn't understand what he said at the meeting. 尽管我专心听了, 我还是不懂他在会议上说的话。
→Attentively as I listened,I still couldn't understand what he said at the meeting.
EG20: Though/Although he ran the fastest,he still didn't catch the train.
尽管他跑得最快, 仍没有赶上火车。
→Fastest as he ran,he still didn't catch the train.（副词最高级前不用定冠词 the）
状语从句其它常考考点
1、As time went by=with time going by 随着时间的流失
EG21:As time went by, I started to understand that a funeral could be a way to celebrate the life of the dead.一天天过去, 我开始懂得葬礼可以成为一种赞美逝者生命的方式
2、When it comes to......当谈到......的时候
EG22：When it comes to diet and exercise, we know what to do, but we don't do what we know.
当提到饮食和运动的时候, 我们都知道怎么去做, 但是我们不会按照我们知道的去做。
3、So....that.....与such.....that....表“如此....以至于....”用法
1）so的句型：一般来说, so后面接adj./adv
①so+adj/adv.+that②So+adj+a/an+名词+that ③So many/much/few/little +名词+that
2)注意：such的句型：一般说来, such后接名词或名词短语
①such a /an+adj.+n.+that=so +adj.+a/an +n+that②Such+adj+名词+that
3)So+adj./adv. 或such+名词谓语句首时, 主句要倒装。
EG23:It is so good a story that I’ll never forget it.
=So good a story is it that I’ll never forget it.
=Such a good story that I’ll never forget it.
一、根据语境在空白处填入适当的状语从句的连词
1．________regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. (状语从句)
2．I will be grateful ________ you could give me a kind consideration.
3．________ I showed my answer to him，the teacher praised me for my independent thinking.
4．________cleaning street is no more than an ordinary job，it contributes to the society.
5．Good opinions are worth sticking to ________they can benefit us all.
6．Leave your key with a neighbor ________ you lock yourself out one day.
7．It took nearly two hundred years ________I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全句子
8．The famous scientist grew up ______ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
9．______ much advice you give him, he does what he wants.
10．He carried the book ______ he went, in case he was seized by sudden inspiration.
11．______ takes on this job, he will have to be faced with the challenging situation he has never experienced before.
12．______ she has spared no effort in learning, she still couldn't live up to her parents' expectation.
13．______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
14．A student of mid-level intelligence could become an excellent one ______ he is able to arrange his time in a proper order.
15．It is comforting to see that small ______ we may be, we are doing our part for the environment.
16．I took my driving licence with me on holiday, ______ I wanted to hire a car.
17．I wondered ______ or not we could complete our task on time.
三、完成句子
18．男孩焦急地在操场上到处跑着，仿佛在找什么丢失的东西。（状语从句的省略）
The boy is running anxiously here and there in the playground_______________________.
19．有必要时你需要做些提升。(when状语从句的省略)
You need to _____________________________________________________________.
20．虽然十分疲倦，我们对能够帮助别人感到兴奋。（状语从句的省略）
_________________________________________, we felt excited to be able to help others.
21．考试的时候,不要作弊,否则你将会受到严厉的惩罚。(状语从句的省略)
Don't cheat ______________________________________. Otherwise, you will be severely punished.
22．________________________________________, he took an umbrella with him.
他每次出门都带着伞。(every time引导状语从句)
23．随着一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强。(as引导的时间状语从句）
__________________________________________________ , China is getting richer and stronger.
24．自从他3年前离开，我们没有见过彼此。(since引导时间状语从句)
We haven't seen each other _______________________________________ 3 years ago.
25．________________________________ she will take me to the park.
如果我妈妈有空, 她将会带我去公园。(if引导条件状语从句)
26．如果开得太快，你可能会出事故。(if引导的条件状语从句)
___________________________________________________， you may have an accident.
27．Now that he works and can take care of himself, his daughter has time to study at university. (now that引导原因状语从句)
____________________________________________________, we might as well go a little farther.
我们既然都走这么远了，不妨再往前走一点。
28．无论他去什么地方，他都忘不了那次可怕的经历。(everywhere引导地点状语从句)
_________________________________________, he will never forget that terrible experience.
四、句型转换
29．We won’t go to his party. He invites us. (改为含状语从句的复合句)
We won’t go to his party __________________________________.
30．It snows. We will have a day or two off tomorrow. (改为含状语从句的复合句)
____________________________________________, we will have a day or two off.
31．The doctor was tired. He went on working. (改为含状语从句的复合句)
_________________________________________________________, he went on working.
32．You must work hard. Then you can fulfil your plan ahead of time.(改为目的状语从句)
→______________________________________________________________________
33．John told a very funny story. Mary wanted to hear it again. (改为结果状语从句)
→__________________________________________________________________
五、汉译英（整句）
34．汤姆仍然对生活满怀希望，如同十年前一样。(as 引导方式状语从句)
___________________________________________________________________________
35．Everywhere...无论哪里……（引导地点状语从句时，相当于wherever）
例句：Everywhere she goes, she will receive warm welcome.
仿写：无论他走到哪，我都会找到他。
___________________________________________________________________________
无论他去哪儿旅行，他都会给我寄来明信片。
___________________________________________________________________________
36．一旦启动，今年这个工程就很难停下来。(once引导的状语从句的省略) （汉译英）
___________________________________________________________________________
37．虽然汤姆有许多优点，但他也有缺点。(while引导的让步状语从句)（汉译英）
___________________________________________________________________________
38．无论情况多糟糕，在紧急情况下我们都要试图保持冷静。(让步状语从句) (汉译英）
___________________________________________________________________________
39．每次看到这张老照片，它总是让我想起我的童年。（状语从句，remind...of)
___________________________________________________________________________
40．随着时间的推移，这个国家变得越来越强大。（as引导的时间状语从句）
___________________________________________________________________________
41．父母应该给孩子买太阳镜，因为在炎热的天气里保护眼睛是很有必要的。（because引导的原因状语从句）
___________________________________________________________________________
42．他如果提高自己的技能，将会容易找到工作。（if引导条件状语从句）
___________________________________________________________________________
43．你应该在会议上保持沉默，除非被邀请讲话。(状语从句的省略)
___________________________________________________________________________
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