衔接点03-时态语态(教案)-2023年初升高英语无忧衔接(上海专用).docx

03时态语态【考情链接】高中常考的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时等。高中阶段的被动语态：主要掌握现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态，以及将来完成时被动语态的用法。特别注意：要把握各种时态的特点，注意容易混淆的时态差异，准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息，务必要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维习惯。【要点梳理】考点一：动词时态一般式进行式完成式现在does/is/are/amis/are/am doinghave done过去didwas/were doinghad done将来will dowill be doingwill have done过去将来would dowould be doingwould have done需重点掌握：将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow等。其构成为：will/shallbe+现在分词Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because shewill be teachinga class at that time.简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。现在完成进行时一、构成对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has been+现在分词。二、用法（1）表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语：all this morning，this month，these few days，since和for引导的状语从句等。-Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?-The newStarWars. Wehave been waitinghere for more than two hours.打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？新版的星球大战，我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。（2）所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。The studentshave been workinghard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。将来完成时将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与“before+将来时间或“by+将来时间”连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。其构成为：will /shall+have+过去分词。The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.到我们回家时，孩子们将已睡了。When you come tonight at eight oclock, I shall have written my paper.你今晚八点钟来时，我将会写完文章了By next year our teacher will have taught English for twenty years.到明年我们的老师将已教二十年英语了。备注1：其他表示“将来”的结构及用法（1）“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。Look, dark clouds are gathering. Itis going to rainsoon，I think.瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。Whether in the home or the workplace, social robotsare going to become a lot more common in the next few years.无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。（2）“be to+动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。Youare to handin your papers by 10 oclock.到10点你得交上试卷。（3）“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。Tomwas about toclose the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。备注2：常使用完成时的句型（1）This/It/That is the first/.time+that sb.has/have done；This/It/That was the first/.time+that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。（2）It（This） is/was the+最高级+名词+（that）定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。（3）It is/has been+一段时间+since sb.did；It was/had been+一段时间+since sb.had done sth.自从以来多久了。（4）hardly（scarcely）.when./no sooner.than.（一就）主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。Hardly/No soonerhad I gothome when/than the rainpoureddown.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。It was ten years since wehad hadsuch a wonderful time.我们有10年没那么高兴过了。考点二：动词语态动词语态梳理一、被动语态的构成形式被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become+过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：形式时间一般式进行式完成式现在am/is/are doneam/is/are being donehave/has been done过去was/were donewas/were being donehad been done将来shall/willbe doneshall/will have been done被动语态的使用场合：（1）不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；（2）强调动作的承受者时。It is reported that a space stationwill be builton the moon in years to come.据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheathas been cut.在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。With many forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earthare being washed awayeach year.因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。易错警示（1）有些及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。（2）不及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。二、get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等While waiting for the opportunity toget promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty.在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。Weget paidby the week.我们按周获得薪酬。1“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等+形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。This kind of wool shirtfeels softandsells well.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。2当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语（well/easily等）修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。Have you bought the book thatsells wellthese days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers.你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。三、主动形式表示被动意义1在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The houseneeds repairing/to be repaired.这房子需要修理。2be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。Whois to blamefor the mistake?谁应为此错误接受谴责？The houseis to let.此房出租。【考点练透】一、单项填空1.Is it convenient for you to go shopping with me tomorrow morning?Im afraid not. I _ then.A. will have a meeting B. am about to have a meetingC. am having a meeting D. will be having a meeting【答案】D 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：明天早上你方便和我去购物吗？恐怕不方便。那时我将正在开会。表示将来某个时间或某段时间正在做某事，用将来进行时。故选D。2.Mr Foster, were you at home when Justin disappeared last night?No, I _ that night on my road construction job.A. was working B. had workedC. would work D. had been working【答案】A 【解析】考查时态。句意：Mr. Foster，昨晚Justin失踪的时候你在家吗？不在，那晚我一直在做公路建筑工作。这句话的时间是that night，而且是整晚一直做某事，用过去进行时。故选A。3.Could you attend the lecture about city development tomorrow afternoon?Sorry, I _ to Paris for a Chinese silk exhibition then.A. will be flyingB. will fly C. flyD. am flying【答案】A 【解析】考查时态。句意：明天下午你能参加关于城市发展的讲座吗？对不起，那个时候我正飞往巴黎去看中国的丝绸展。then指代的就是tomorrow afternoon，在将来的某一个时间正在做某事用将来进行时，故A项正确。4.Hi, Susan, where were you at lunch time? I _ a seat for you in the coffee shop.Sorry, but my science class ran longer than usual.A. had savedB. have savedC. am savingD. was saving【答案】D 【解析】考查时态。根据句意可知，占位子就是在午饭期间发生的，当时Susan还在上课，所以占位子要用过去进行时态。故选D。5. Have you received a reply to your job application?No. I _.A. waited B. am waitingC. have waitedD. had been waiting【答案】B 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：你收到工作申请的回复了吗？没有。我一直在等。根据语境可知，工作申请已经发出，还没有收到回复。因此推断wait是说话当时存在的动作。表示现阶段存在的动作或状态，用现在进行时。故选B。6. At present, many new workers _ and in six months they will be sent to build a new railway.A. are being trained B. are trainingC. will train D. will be trained【答案】A 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：现在，很多新员工正在接受培训，六个月后他们将被派去修新的铁路，故选A。7. I feel scared, sir.Dont worry. I _ outside your house tonight _ any emergency.A. will be staying；in control ofB. am about to stay；in case ofC. am about to stay；in control ofD. will be staying；in case of【答案】D 【解析】考查将来进行时和介词短语。句意：我感到害怕，先生。别担心。我今晚会一直待在你房子外面以防有任何紧急事件。第一空用将来进行时表示将来某个或某段时间一直进行的动作；第二空用in case of 以防。故选D。8. I think we should accept that offer, for we _ such bad luck up till now and time _.A. have；is run out B. have had；is running outC. have had；is run out D. have；is running out【答案】B 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。up till now=so far是到目前为止的意思，是现在完成时的标志；run out意思是用光，用尽，无被动。此句用现在进行时态表将来。故选B。9. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests when he_ at the party.A. left; had arrivedB. left; arrivedC. had left; had arrivedD. had left; arrived【答案】D【解析】句意为：当汤姆赶到晚会时，大部分的客人已经走了。他很失望。客人离开这一动作发生在汤姆到达之前，故第一空用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”；再根据整个句子的时态知选D项。10. I like these English songs and they_ many times on the radio.A. taughtB. have taughtC. are taughtD. have been taught【答案】D【解析】句意为：我喜欢这些英文歌曲并且广播上已教了许多遍了。本题考查动词时态。表示我过去就学唱这些英语歌曲，通过广播一直学到现在，用现在完成时态，歌曲被唱表示被动，故选D项。11. When Jack arrived he learned Mary_ for almost an hour.A. had goneB. had set offC. had leftD. had been away【答案】D【解析】此题的时间状语“for almost an hour”为一段时间，不能与表示短暂动作的动词连用。二、单项选择1. In 1863, the U.S. President Abraham Lincoln declared a national Thanksgiving Day. Thanksgiving _ celebrated annually in America ever since. A. has been B. was C. had been D. is 2. The new Hukou（户口） policy, according to some experts, _ to attract more high-end talents to contribute Shanghais development. A. serves B. serving C. to serve D.is served 3. The National Stadium, or the Birds Nest, which is in significant progress, _ to seat over 90,000 audience. A. designs B. will design C. designed D. is designed 4. How to protect children from unsuitable material on some website while encouraging them to use the Internet _ in many areas of the world. A. have long been discussedB. has long been discussed C. were long been discussedD. was long been discussed 5. By the time Ron_ back to our rescue, most of us will have been washed away by the flood. We must take a quick measure to leave here as soon as possible. A. comeB. comesC. cameD. will come 6. Hackers, worms and viruses have more opportunities to attack your computer if you _ to the Internet constantly. A. are connected B. are connectingC. will connect D. will be connected 7. Spielberg, the great American director, got poor grades in high school and _ to any film schools when young. A. didnt admitB. hadnt admittedC. isnt admittedD. wasnt admitted 8. Shall I ask the waiter for the bill, darling, when you_ your coffee? A. will finishB. have finishC. had finished D. could finish 9. Starting around 7,000 B. C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere_ temperature warmer than at present. A. experiences B. will experienceC. experienced D. is experiencing 10. Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Professor Johnson_, so we only had time for a few words. A. had just left B. had just leftC. just left D. was just leaving 11. -Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday? -No, but we _ to get in touch with them ever since. A. have triedB. are tryingC. had triedD. had been trying 12. -Shall we go to the park now? - No until I _ my physics exercises.A. will finishB. have finishedC. will have finished D. had finished 13. The last half of the nineteenth century _ the steady improvement in the means of travel. A. has witnessedB. was witnessedC. witnessedD. is witnessed 14. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _. A. will arriveB. arrivesC. is going to arriveD. is arriving 15. I _ in a foreign company for five years. Still. I dont regret giving up the well-paid job. A. WorkedB. have workedC. was workingD. had worked 16. Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work? -Yes, thats why I _ to work by train. A. have been going B. have gone C. was going D. will have gone 17. A gentle wind _ through the three. In the distance, I _ a racing car moving across the dusty plain. A. was blowing, noticed B. blew, had noticed C. had blown, was noticing D. has blown, have noticed 18. What happened to the postman? -I dont know. He _ around here for a long time. A. hasnt seen B. didnt seeC. wasnt seen D. hasnt been seen, 19. -David came back home the day before yesterday. -Really? Where _ at all? A. had he been B. has he beenC. had he gone D. has he gone 20. Did you write to Mary last month? -No, but Ill _ her over Christmas Day. A. be seenB. be seeingC. have seenD. have been seeing 21. Have you heard that taxi drivers are encouraged to learn English for the 2010 World Expo? -Yeah, I _ it on the radio. A. had heard B. would hearC. heard D. will hear 22. Didnt the guard see him breaking into the bank? -No,he _ in the other direction. A. was looking B. had lookedC. looked D. is looking 23. Susan is on vacation in Florida, and she doesnt take much money with her. So by the end of her vacation, she _ all her money. A. has spent B. will be spendingC. had spent D. will have spent 24. I think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre; Im sure he _ abroad all week. A. isB. wasC. has beenD. had been 25. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight MU315 _ off at 18:30.A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken 26. What were you doing when I phoned you last night? - I _ my painting and was was starting to take a bath. A.have already finishedB. was finishing C. had just finishedD. was going to finish 27. They wont buy any new furniture because they _ money to buy a new car. A. saveB. were savingC. have savedD. are saving 28. -Why do you look worried? -Fred left the company half an hour ago. His work_ unfinished since. A. left B. was leftC. has left D. has been left 29. Youd better not phone me between 8 and 10 tomorrow morning because I _ an important meeting then. A. will have B. would haveC. will be having D. will have had 30. The reporter said that the car _ east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel 31. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. A. has changed B. is changingC. will have changed D. will change 32. -You havent said a word about my new hat, Brenda. Do you like it? -Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont sayC. wont say D. didnt say 33. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _. A. has grown B. is growingC. grew D. had grown 34. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it. A. doesnt mention B. hadnt mentionedC. hasnt mentioned D. didnt mention 35. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _advertisements showing happy families. A. will often see B. often seeC. are often seeing D. have often seen 36. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been consideringC. considered D. will consider 37. She has set a new record, that is , the sales of her latest book _ 50 million. A. have reachedB. has reachedC. are reachingD. had reached 38. He kept looking at the girl, wondering whether he _ her somewhere before. A. saw B. had seen C. sees D. had seen 39. The crazy fans _ patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A. were waiting B. had been waitingC. had waited D. would wait 40. She _ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing