衔接点07-定语从句(学案)-2023年初升高英语无忧衔接(上海专用).docx

07 定语从句定语从句是高考的重点+热点，定语从句的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空和句子翻译中，尤其是非限制性定语从句用法。高频考点有:1.关系代词(that.which.who.whom.whose,as)和关系副词(where. when. why)的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。2.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别:3.介词+关系代词的用法;4.不定代词/数词+ofwhich/whom引导的非限制性定语从句:5.定语从句与名词从句、状语从句、强调句、并列句、简单句的甄别。【要点梳理】考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语、状语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语关系代词that和which的用法区别只用that的情况先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词既有人又有物时只用which的引导非限制性定语从句时关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况关系代词as和which的区别as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如，正像”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系The little problemsthatwe meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.I live next door to a couplewhose children often make a lot of noise.ChinaTodayattracts a worldwide readership，whichshows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.考点二：关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词先行词在从句中的作用when时间名词时间状语where地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等)地点状语whythe reason原因状语We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, whenthe weather may be better.Students should involve themselves in community activitieswherethey can gain experience for growth.Do you know the reasonwhyhe didnt attend the meeting yesterday?考点三：非限制性定语从句1.非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去 掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping,whoseemed to be very busy.(昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。）2.which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。e. g. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages，whichsurprises all the people present.(一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。）3.在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all, some，most, none或both加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。e. g. He loved his parents deeply,both of whomare very kind to him.(他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。）考点四：“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1“介词关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。Some experts think reading is the fundamental skillupon whichschool education depends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。September 30 is the dayby whichyou must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。2“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级ofwhich/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of whichhas been proved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。Many young people，most of whomwere welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。3在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the名词of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the名词of whom”。The newlybuilt caf，the walls of which(whose walls)are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。考点一 考查关系代词whose引导的定语从句1. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. (天津卷)A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever2. Many children, _ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village. (安徽卷)A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom3. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. (湖南卷)A. which B. of which C. that D. whose考点二 考查关系代词which引导的定语从句1. Theyve won their last three matches, _ I find a bit surprising. (辽 宁卷)A. that B. when C. what D. which2. My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him. (全国)A. which B. that C. where D. it3. Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (山东卷)A. who B. which C. when D. that考点三 查关系副词where引导的定语从句1. Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now. (上海卷)A. where B. when C. there D. which2. Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. (福建卷)A. that B. when C. which D. where3. Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. (重庆卷)A. why B. what C. that D. where4. I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. (浙江卷)A. which B. where C. how D. why5. What do you think of teaching, Bob?I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. (北京卷)A. where B. which C. when D. that考点四 查关系副词when引导的定语从句1. Shell never forget her stay there, _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. (四川卷)A. that B. which C. where D. when2. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (江苏卷)A. if B. when C. which D. since考点五 考查“介词+关系代词”结构1. Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time. (陕西卷)A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which2. She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before. (全国 I)A. them B. who C. whom D. these考点六 定语从句考查新角度The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. (江西卷)A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which一、用适当的关系代词填空1This is the place _is worth visiting.2She has a brother _name I cant remember.3The man _is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.4People _ are against the idea think it is unnecessary to build the dam.5Organic farmers also plant diverse crops _ use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.6The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland, _ can be found in several parts of the world.7I lent some money to Earl, _house was destroyed in the flood.8The classroom，_door is broken， will soon be repaired.9Im fond of Xiao Du who is a robot_I can talk at any time.10Victims thank those _ helped them rebuild after an earthquake in 2013.11The tourist wanted to book a room_ window faces south.12This is the best way_ has been used against pollution.13Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office.14The reason_ I got a job was that I worked hard.15He put aside his work to spend more time with his son, _ just returned from abroad.16I would like to express my thanks in a way _ he could never imagine.17The novel coronavirus has had such a deep effect on our life _ is totally beyond expectation.18Lora is the very teacher I like most, with _ help I have made progress in my study.19People are required to wear masks in public places, _ is helpful for fight against the pandemic(疫情).20Do you know the place _ he borrowed the book?21He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.23The novel _ youre interested was written by Mark Twain.24_ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.25Hangzhou is a beautiful city, _is often called the Heaven of the Earth.26Yesterday I met an old friend, _had a gift of music when he was young.27I will never forget those three years, during_ time I learned a lot about life.28_ is reported, Chinese team won the final.29I bought all the food in the shop, much of_ was given out to the poor.30I never forget this summer vacation, _I spent the happy days with my friends.31He is talking about the great woman, _films have been on in many cities.32I have many collections of stamps, some of _ are my favorite.33The last one _ leaves the classroom should close the windows.34Do you know Mr. Smith _story is very moving?二、定语从句对比练习35a. This is the house _ I lived last year.b. This is the house _ I bought last year.36a. I think Beijing is the most beautiful city, _ has a population of over 20, 000, 000.b. Beijing is the most beautiful city _ I have ever visited.c. I think Beijing is the most beautiful city, _ I spent my last summer holiday.37a. Ill spend my holiday in Shanghai, _ lives my uncle.b. Ill spend my holiday in Shanghai, _ lies on the coast.38a. This is the very room _ I slept in that evening.b. This is the very room _ I slept that evening.39 a. I will remember the days _ I spent with you at college.b. I will remember the days _ I studied with you at college.40a. That is the reason _ he didnt go to college.b. That is the reason _ he told me yesterday.三、句型转换41当我们到达那儿，我们都对美丽的枫叶感到惊讶。美景让人流连忘返。普通表达：When we got there, we were amazed at the beautiful maple leaves. The beautiful scenery made us not want to leave.高级表达：_ (用定语从句改写句子)42The temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty.(用定语从句改写句子)The time _ the temple _ was during the Qin Dynasty.43Today, we will discuss a number of cases. Beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (用定语从句改写成一个句子)_44Do you remember the days? We played together during the days. (用定语从句改写成一个句子)_45The house has been pulled down. He lived in the house 10 years ago. (用定语从句改写成一个句子)_四、汉译英（整句）46他拒绝为他的错误道歉，这令我很失望。(用非限制性定语从句翻译句子)_47昨天雨下的很大，阻止了我们参加社团活动。（用非限定性定语从句翻译）_48他住在一栋新建的房子里，房子的大门朝着大海。(face，用非限制性定语从句翻译) (汉译英)_49我们喜欢这位坦率的专家的说话方式。（the way+定语从句）We like _.50她在会议上得奖了，这是经常的事。（as引导定语从句）_