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09 语法填空
语法填空题将语法知识的考查融千一篇英语短文中，通过设置纯空格题填空和给词填空两种形式来表现，突出考查了学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更能客观，准确地考察学生的语法知识水平。考查形式包括有提示词(4~5个)和无提示词(5~6个)两种。有提示词的考向主要有：名词的单复数、谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别等；无提示词的考向主要有；介词、冠词、连接词、代词等;且每空只能填一个单词。
语法填空考点分布
出题方式
词性考查
考点分布
特别注意
有提示词
形容词/
副词
原 级
1、双音节单词比较级最高级的变形
2、修饰比较级最高级的词
3、less/least+adj/adv情况
4、双写+er的单词
比较级
最高级
动词
时态语态
1、各种时态的标志词以及特征
2、主动表被动情况
不定式
1、不定式作主宾表定状补
2、动名词作主宾表定
3、分词作表定状补
4、各种非谓语的时态语态
动名词
分 词
无提示词
冠词
定冠词/不定冠词
判断语境是特指还是非特指
介词
搭配及其他
熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法
代词
人称物主代词
1、复合句的从句除去关系代词仍缺成分
2、反身代词不能作主语，可作宾语、表语、同位语
3、代词作定语
不定代词
反身单词
动词
情态动词
观察语境中暗含的情感和态度
助动词/系动词
倒装情况
从属连词
定语从句
1、熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法
2、how+adj/adv情况，what+n情况，how many/much/ long....情况
3、表语从句连接词as if，because
名词性从句
状语从句
强调句
并列连词
并列句
判断上下句之间的逻辑关系
出题方式
词性考查
考点分布
备考之道
设关键词
形容词/副词
比较级
准确判断出考点，并且熟练掌握不同形容词和副词的比较级变形风格
最高级
动词
时态
了解各种时态的标志词以及特征
语态
判断句子主被动，掌握主动表被动的句型运用
不定式
掌握加to do以及加doing的固定句型，准确判断动词在充当非谓语功能时的时态和语态
动名词
分词
不设关键词
冠词
定冠词，不定冠词
准确判断语境是特指还是非特指
介词
搭配及其他
熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法
代词
人称物主代词
注意判断句子结构（尤其是所缺成分）以及语境的呼应
不定代词
反身代词
情态动词
动词的意义
注意观察语境中暗含的情感和态度
连接词
定语从句
熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法
名词性从句
状语从句
强调句
连词
并列句
判断上下句之间的逻辑关系
助动词
倒装句
常考助动词do/does/did
Ø考点一：纯空格试题的解题技巧
技巧1：当句子缺主语或宾语，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语、表语和同位语情况等)
主要考察：人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词 everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s).
1)We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that (28)__________ without packaging is of poor quality.
2)I was thin before I started football, but as a member of this team I wouldn't eat much, because I thought to (30) _____ that I was afraid of being too full to run. Finally, I ended up leaving the football team.
3)Some students want a campus that will give them the excitement and rich cultural life of a big city such as New York, Chicago, or Los Angeles. (31)_____value the peace and beauty of a rural setting, whether the quiet forests and snowy winters of the Northeast, subtropical Florida, the dry expanses of the West, or the Pacific coast with its seashore and nearby mountains.
4)With a smile on his face, and nervous laugh, he took the last cookie and broke it in half. He offered her a half, and ate (29) _____ _____.
5)Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work that children should not be sent to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation (22) _________ involves, and many people do believe this.
6)When my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, (24)____________fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from.
7)In order to keep team members positive and motivated, the team leader ____29_____needs to show these qualities.
技巧2： 在名词或“形容词+名词”前,填限定词。
如表示特指时用the/this/that/these/those
表示泛指的“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a/an
表示“某人的”,用形容词性物主代词
表示“两者都”用both
表示“另一个”用another
表示“每一个”用every/each
表示“其他的”用other等,注意other接名词复数。
1)When performing (40) _____ challenging mental task, do it in silence, Perham recommended.
2)The company plans to double the current number of domestic stores to nearly 12,000. To meet (27) _______ target, Sawbucks will start more stores at airports and supermarkets.
技巧3：句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。
常用介词：in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over, across, through, beyond, behind, beside, between, among, near, up, down, along, around, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except, by, with, without, about, as, like, during, into, throughout, until, within, toward, past, despite, regardless of, in spite of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, except for, apart from, other than, such as, according to, instead of, rather than, as well as, in addition to, …
1)Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work that children should not be sent to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it involves, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments (23) _________ such a strong conclusion.
2)The total amount of packaging increased (23)__________ 12% between 1999 and 2005.
3)These days, many totem poles no longer exist (30) _______ _______ decay and rot.
4)________ ________ ________ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope.
5)Just as he finished the first few bars, one of the strings on his violin broke. We thought that he would have to stop the concert. (25) ________ everyone’s expectation, he waited a moment, closed his eyes and then signaled the conductor to begin again.
6)So if you see a trip to the library (32)_______an adventure and can’t wait to read a new book, you’re probably a bookworm.
7)An ability to express ideas ____26___ a clear and literate way has become extremely necessary for work, study and everyday life.
技巧4：若结构较完整，空格在主语和谓语动词之间且动词是原形，一般是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。
1)“I (26)___________hardly stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,” he told the BBC.
2)For all the attention I was getting I (28) _________ as well not have been there. I felt a stranger.
3)Students can’t wear jumpers, jackets or coats indoors. Also, girls and boys (27)______wear black leather shoes and black socks. Sports shoes are not allowed.
4)Next time you buy Mentos at the counter of 7-Eleven, you (37)______ thank the ancient Egyptians for creating a way to conceal the unpleasant smell of our mouth.
5)In my opinion, it is possible for you to find some real good friends with the help of new technology but you (28) ______ ______ take care.
6)Strasser said Lowell got in through the back door, which he kept open at night so that Bonnie (32) _____ get into the backyard.
技巧5：若两个或三个单词、短语或句子之间设空，可能是填并列连词。若两句之间表示转折关系有逗号填however，前后对比用while，表因果关系有逗号填therefore, 无逗号填so。
并列连词：and, but, or, so, for, yet, then, however, therefore, while, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but
1)Once he handed out the test papers to all students, he asked them to turn the test pages and begin. Students’ were confused to see there was not a question __23__ just a black dot in the center of the page.
2)Drug abuse has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally, (39)_________ the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great.
3)Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, “Boys are not so afraid that they might do something that will harm the computer, (38) ______________girls are afraid they might break it somehow.”
4)This tends to make watering much easier and ensures adequate water is provided for the plants. Most inexperienced gardeners water little ____38____very frequently.
5)Grown-ups can hardly find children’s game exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple game again and again. ____36_____, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons.
6)Not only are more people taking to running, they are (27)________ using wearable devices and using software on their cellphones to record the distance they cover and the amount of calories they burn.
技巧6：若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般填从属连词。
定语从句: 关代：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关副：when, where, why
名词性从句: 从属连词：that, if/whether, because, as if; 关代：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 关副：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
状语从句: 时间：when, while, as, before, after, every/each time, as soon as, the moment/minute, hardly…when, no sooner…than, since, once, until 地点：where, wherever 原因：because, as, since, now that 目的：in order that, so that, in case, for fear that 结果：so that, so/such…that 比较：than, as…as, the more…the more 让步：although, though, even if/though, while, as, no matter what/ who/when…, whatever…., whether…or, 方式：as, as if/though, 条件：if, unless, as long as…
1)At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the change to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly (29) _________ more and more parents make use of child care at this time.
2)__________it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking.
3)All of them described about the black dot, __25__ position they tried to explain.
4)I remembered something in my purse (25)________I thought could help her.
5)He says, “Once we’re the wrong side of the boundary, it doesn’t mean everything goes wrong immediately, but there is a remarkable higher risk (28) ______ things will go badly wrong.”
6)Conflicts will arise ____25____well a team functions together.
7)However, getting advice from (22)________ cares about you can impact your life in great ways.
8)Finally, I ended up leaving the football team. Four other girls did the same, two of (31)______stopped playing football completely.
9)(30)______ ______ ______ reasons may be behind it, people’s attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years.
10)List __37__ you believe you can achieve.
11)All monarchs have been crowned there（36）_______ William the Conqueror in 1066, and many monarchs have married in the Abbey.
12)And even adults could be cruel. When my father was moved to the hospital, the nurses would leave his food on the bedside __38____ ________ he was too weak to feed himself.
技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。（强调、倒装、感叹）
1)But I wanted to prove to myself that hard (35) ______the condition was, I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way."
2)In the US, only when someone sits in the driver’s seat __38_____ driverless cars allowed on roads in certain states.
3)As in the early history of the United States, it was the English (33)_______ set up the settlements in America.
4)Rarely (39)______ people hear of the concept of semi-retirement in the past but now semi-retirement has become the routine among wealthier people in their 50s and 60s.
5)In doing so, you’ll be able to see what it is (36) ______you admire in this person.
Ø考点二： 给出动词的解题技巧
技巧8：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看,后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况)
1)The woman looked down, ___22___（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”
2)If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22)________(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity.
3)Since it drew recent media attention, Woon 30 (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States.
4)If you have kids, and they __32_____ (not see) this film yet, it’s safe to say they’d enjoy it.
5)The week I turned 50, my marriage came to a sudden end. My house, furniture and everything I __25_____(own) was sold to pay debts that I didn’t know existed.
6)One day Gene and Hannah Bortnick heard piano music coming from their living room. They thought their 3-year-old son Ethan (26) ______ (listen) to a CD.
7)Family-friendly facilities (33)________(develop) for a new golfing demographic(人群) in the following years.
技巧9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。
不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语；
动名词doing 表习惯性动作，常考作主语、宾语；
现在分词doing 表主动、进行，常考作表语、定语、状语；
过去分词done表被动、完成，常考作表语、定语、状语。
1)Picking a great gift require (25)________(know) the person you’re giving it to.
2)Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (21)__________(force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need.
3)________(not do)anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive.
4)Many people find that emotions can stimulate them to eat when they are not hungry, which often leads to (30)_________(eat) too many calories from foods that have low nutritional value.”
5)At the 2016 Oscar ceremony, DiCaprio’s __38_____ (win) the award for Best Actor impressed all the audience present.
6)It is the most urgent threat __39______ (face) our entire species, and we need to work collectively together and stop procrastinating（拖延）.
7)So the clergyman repeated the question in an even sterner tone, “Where is God!!?” Again the boy made no attempt (39) ______ (answer).
8)King Edgar was the first monarch（34）_______ (bury) there in 1065.
Ø 考点三：给出形容词或副词的解题技巧
技巧10：括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级比较级最高级。注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，加the least的。
1)The students were even ____24_____ (confused) but started the test by then.
2)Infinium Robotics is working on a model that will carry twice as ____28____ (much) food.
3)While people were amazed by how generous they could get, Figueroa said she had the (31)__________ (unforgettable) Christmas experience in her 12 years of working for McDonald’s.
4)On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water in their cells require ___34_____(frequent) watering .
5)After just 12 minutes with dogs, patients’ hearts and lungs seemed to be working (30) ______ (well).
知识体系：多个空常填的词
多个空基本就是介词、连词，或从句中的连接词（定语从句的“介词+which”,以及状语从句中的从属连词）。
两空常填介词：
表原因：because of/ due to/ owing to
表让步：regardless of
表递进：apart from
表相反：instead of/ rather than
表除了：except for / other than
表示多亏：thanks to
特点：介词+名词，构成短语。
三空常填介词：
表让步：in spite of （注意：despite + 名词短语）
表递进：in addition to
两空常填连词 ：
表原因：now that; in that
表让步：even if / even though
表方式：as if / as though / just as
表目的：so that
表结果：so that
定语从句中：介词 + which/whom
表条件：what if/in case
表除了：except when/that
表时间：the moment/next time
以上两空连词均 + 句子。
三空常填连词：
表目的：in order that / for fear that
表时间：as soon as
表条件：as/so long as / on condition that
特别注意：no matter how + adj./ no matter what + n.
以上三空连词均 + 句子；
另外：as well as + n.
两空常填情态动词：
have to · had better ·used to
would rather ·ought to
may/might (as) well
注意：have to和 ought to 考查相当高频！
1)Nowadays there are a lot of modern electrical appliances at home (29) ______ ______ rice cookers, micro waves and washing machines, which make life easy for the modern housewives.
2)When food had not appeared within thirty seconds, Randy began using his spoon on Alex’s head (34) ______ ______ it were a drum.
3)That meant (34) ________ ________ someone sent me a text or I wanted to send a text, I could only use the popular tiny picture characters to respond to or start a conversation.
4)Customers usually don’t have to ask (26) ________ ________ items cost, since prices are clearly marked.
5)Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame (32)________ ________ the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown.
6)(29)_______ _______ _______ help business travelers plan their free time better, we’ve created this overview of things to do in Chicago.
7)In many parts of ancient world, garlic was thought to avoid unfriend
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