衔接点09-语法填空(学案)-2023年初升高英语无忧衔接(上海专用).docx

09 语法填空语法填空题将语法知识的考查融千一篇英语短文中，通过设置纯空格题填空和给词填空两种形式来表现，突出考查了学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更能客观，准确地考察学生的语法知识水平。考查形式包括有提示词(45个)和无提示词(56个)两种。有提示词的考向主要有：名词的单复数、谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别等；无提示词的考向主要有；介词、冠词、连接词、代词等;且每空只能填一个单词。语法填空考点分布出题方式词性考查考点分布特别注意有提示词形容词/副词原级1、双音节单词比较级最高级的变形2、修饰比较级最高级的词3、less/least+adj/adv情况4、双写+er的单词比较级最高级动词时态语态1、各种时态的标志词以及特征2、主动表被动情况不定式1、不定式作主宾表定状补2、动名词作主宾表定3、分词作表定状补4、各种非谓语的时态语态动名词分词无提示词冠词定冠词/不定冠词判断语境是特指还是非特指介词搭配及其他熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法代词人称物主代词1、复合句的从句除去关系代词仍缺成分2、反身代词不能作主语，可作宾语、表语、同位语3、代词作定语不定代词反身单词动词情态动词观察语境中暗含的情感和态度助动词/系动词倒装情况从属连词定语从句1、熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法2、how+adj/adv情况，what+n情况，how many/much/ long.情况3、表语从句连接词as if，because名词性从句状语从句强调句并列连词并列句判断上下句之间的逻辑关系出题方式词性考查考点分布备考之道设关键词形容词/副词比较级准确判断出考点，并且熟练掌握不同形容词和副词的比较级变形风格最高级动词时态了解各种时态的标志词以及特征语态判断句子主被动，掌握主动表被动的句型运用不定式掌握加to do以及加doing的固定句型，准确判断动词在充当非谓语功能时的时态和语态动名词分词不设关键词冠词定冠词，不定冠词准确判断语境是特指还是非特指介词搭配及其他熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法代词人称物主代词注意判断句子结构（尤其是所缺成分）以及语境的呼应不定代词反身代词情态动词动词的意义注意观察语境中暗含的情感和态度连接词定语从句熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法名词性从句状语从句强调句连词并列句判断上下句之间的逻辑关系助动词倒装句常考助动词do/does/did考点一：纯空格试题的解题技巧技巧1：当句子缺主语或宾语，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语、表语和同位语情况等)主要考察：人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone,someone,everybody,somebody, anybody, nobody,both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s).1)We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that (28)_ without packaging is of poor quality. 2)I was thin before I started football, but as a member of this team I wouldnt eat much, because I thought to (30) _ that I was afraid of being too full to run. Finally, I ended up leaving the football team.3)Some students want a campus that will give them the excitement and rich cultural life of a big city such as New York, Chicago, or Los Angeles. (31)_value the peace and beauty of a rural setting, whether the quiet forests and snowy winters of the Northeast, subtropical Florida, the dry expanses of the West, or the Pacific coast with its seashore and nearby mountains.4)With a smile on his face, and nervous laugh, he took the last cookie and broke it in half. He offered her a half, and ate (29) _ _.5)Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should not be sent to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation (22) _ involves, and many people do believe this. 6)When my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, (24)_fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from.7)In order to keep team members positive and motivated, the team leader _29_needs to show these qualities. 技巧2：在名词或“形容词+名词”前,填限定词。如表示特指时用the/this/that/these/those表示泛指的“一(个,本,座)”时用不定冠词a/an表示“某人的”,用形容词性物主代词表示“两者都”用both表示“另一个”用another表示“每一个”用every/each表示“其他的”用other等,注意other接名词复数。1)When performing (40) _ challenging mental task, do it in silence, Perham recommended.2)The company plans to double the current number of domestic stores to nearly 12,000. To meet (27) _ target, Sawbucks will start more stores at airports and supermarkets.技巧3：句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。常用介词：in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over, across, through, beyond, behind, beside, between, among, near, up, down, along, around, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except,by, with, without, about, as, like, during, into, throughout, until, within, toward, past,despite,regardless of, in spite of, because of, due to, owing to,thanks to,except for, apart from,other than,such as,according to,instead of,rather than,as well as, in addition to,1)Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should not be sent to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it involves, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments (23) _ such a strong conclusion.2)The total amount of packaging increased (23)_ 12% between 1999 and 2005. 3)These days, many totem poles no longer exist (30) _ _ decay and rot. 4)_ _ _ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. 5)Just as he finished the first few bars, one of the strings on his violin broke. We thought that he would have to stop the concert. (25) _ everyones expectation, he waited a moment, closed his eyes and then signaled the conductor to begin again.6)So if you see a trip to the library (32)_an adventure and cant wait to read a new book, youre probably a bookworm.7)An ability to express ideas _26_ a clear and literate way has become extremely necessary for work, study and everyday life.技巧4：若结构较完整，空格在主语和谓语动词之间且动词是原形，一般是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。1)“I (26)_hardly stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,” he told the BBC. 2)For all the attention I was getting I (28) _ as well not have been there. I felt a stranger.3)Students cant wear jumpers, jackets or coats indoors. Also, girls and boys (27)_wear black leather shoes and black socks. Sports shoes are not allowed.4)Next time you buy Mentos at the counter of 7-Eleven, you (37)_ thank the ancient Egyptians for creating a way to conceal the unpleasant smell of our mouth. 5)In my opinion, it is possible for you to find some real good friends with the help of new technology but you (28) _ _ take care.6)Strasser said Lowell got in through the back door, which he kept open at night so that Bonnie (32) _ get into the backyard. 技巧5：若两个或三个单词、短语或句子之间设空，可能是填并列连词。若两句之间表示转折关系有逗号填however，前后对比用while，表因果关系有逗号填therefore, 无逗号填so。并列连词：and, but, or, so, for, yet, then, however, therefore, while, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut1)Once he handed out the test papers to all students, he asked them to turn the test pages and begin. Students were confused to see there was not a question _23_ just a black dot in the center of the page. 2)Drug abuse has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally, (39)_ the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great.3)Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, “Boys are not so afraid that they might do something that will harm the computer, (38) _girls are afraid they might break it somehow.”4)This tends to make watering much easier and ensures adequate water is provided for the plants. Most inexperienced gardeners water little _38_very frequently. 5)Grown-ups can hardly find childrens game exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple game again and again. _36_, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons.6)Not only are more people taking to running, they are (27)_ using wearable devices and using software on their cellphones to record the distance they cover and the amount of calories they burn.技巧6：若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般填从属连词。定语从句:关代：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关副：when, where, why名词性从句:从属连词：that, if/whether, because, as if; 关代：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 关副：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however状语从句:时间：when, while, as, before, after,every/each time,as soon as, the moment/minute, hardlywhen, no soonerthan, since, once, until 地点：where, wherever 原因：because, as, since, now that 目的：in order that, so that, in case, for fear that 结果：so that,so/suchthat 比较：than, asas, the morethe more 让步：although, though,even if/though,while, as, no matter what/ who/when, whatever., whetheror,方式：as, as if/though, 条件：if, unless, as long as1)At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the change to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly (29) _ more and more parents make use of child care at this time. 2)_it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. 3)All of them described about the black dot, _25_ position they tried to explain. 4)I remembered something in my purse (25)_I thought could help her. 5)He says, “Once were the wrong side of the boundary, it doesnt mean everything goes wrong immediately, but there is a remarkable higher risk (28) _ things will go badly wrong.”6)Conflicts will arise _25_well a team functions together. 7)However, getting advice from (22)_ cares about you can impact your life in great ways. 8)Finally, I ended up leaving the football team. Four other girls did the same, two of (31)_stopped playing football completely.9)(30)_ _ _ reasons may be behind it, peoples attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years. 10)List _37_ you believe you can achieve. 11)All monarchs have been crowned there（36）_ William the Conqueror in 1066, and many monarchs have married in the Abbey.12)And even adults could be cruel. When my father was moved to the hospital, the nurses would leave his food on the bedside _38_ _ he was too weak to feed himself. 技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。（强调、倒装、感叹）1)But I wanted to prove to myself that hard (35) _the condition was, I wasnt finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way. 2)In the US, only when someone sits in the drivers seat _38_ driverless cars allowed on roads in certain states.3)As in the early history of the United States, it was the English (33)_ set up the settlements in America.4)Rarely (39)_ people hear of the concept of semi-retirement in the past but now semi-retirement has become the routine among wealthier people in their 50s and 60s.5)In doing so, youll be able to see what it is (36) _you admire in this person.考点二：给出动词的解题技巧技巧8：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看,后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况)1)The woman looked down, _22_（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”2)If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22)_(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity.3)Since it drew recent media attention, Woon 30 (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States.4)If you have kids, and they _32_ (not see) this film yet, its safe to say theyd enjoy it.5)The week I turned 50, my marriage came to a sudden end. My house, furniture and everything I _25_(own) was sold to pay debts that I didnt know existed.6)One day Gene and Hannah Bortnick heard piano music coming from their living room. They thought their 3-year-old son Ethan (26) _ (listen) to a CD.7)Family-friendly facilities (33)_(develop) for a new golfing demographic(人群) in the following years.技巧9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语；动名词doing 表习惯性动作，常考作主语、宾语；现在分词doing 表主动、进行，常考作表语、定语、状语；过去分词done表被动、完成，常考作表语、定语、状语。1)Picking a great gift require (25)_(know) the person youre giving it to. 2)Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (21)_(force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. 3)_(not do)anything like this before, I didnt know what kind of reaction I might receive.4)Many people find that emotions can stimulate them to eat when they are not hungry, which often leads to (30)_(eat) too many calories from foods that have low nutritional value.”5)At the 2016 Oscar ceremony, DiCaprios _38_ (win) the award for Best Actor impressed all the audience present. 6)It is the most urgent threat _39_ (face) our entire species, and we need to work collectively together and stop procrastinating（拖延）. 7)So the clergyman repeated the question in an even sterner tone, “Where is God!?” Again the boy made no attempt (39) _ (answer).8)King Edgar was the first monarch（34）_ (bury) there in 1065.考点三：给出形容词或副词的解题技巧技巧10：括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级比较级最高级。注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，加the least的。1)The students were even _24_ (confused) but started the test by then. 2)Infinium Robotics is working on a model that will carry twice as _28_ (much) food.3)While people were amazed by how generous they could get, Figueroa said she had the (31)_ (unforgettable) Christmas experience in her 12 years of working for McDonalds. 4)On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water in their cells require _34_(frequent) watering . 5)After just 12 minutes with dogs, patients hearts and lungs seemed to be working (30) _ (well).知识体系：多个空常填的词多个空基本就是介词、连词，或从句中的连接词（定语从句的“介词+which”,以及状语从句中的从属连词）。两空常填介词：表原因：because of/ due to/ owing to表让步：regardless of表递进：apart from表相反：instead of/ rather than表除了：except for / other than表示多亏：thanks to特点：介词+名词，构成短语。三空常填介词：表让步：in spite of（注意：despite +名词短语）表递进：in addition to两空常填连词：表原因：now that;in that表让步：even if/even though表方式：as if/as though/just as表目的：so that表结果：so that定语从句中：介词+ which/whom表条件：what if/in case表除了：except when/that表时间：the moment/next time以上两空连词均+句子。三空常填连词：表目的：in order that/ for fear that表时间：as soon as表条件：as/so long as/on condition that特别注意：no matter how + adj./ no matter what + n.以上三空连词均+句子；另外：as well as + n.两空常填情态动词：have tohad betterusedtowould ratherought to may/might (as) well注意：have to和ought to考查相当高频！1)Nowadays there are a lot of modern electrical appliances at home (29) _ _ rice cookers, micro waves and washing machines, which make life easy for the modern housewives.2)When food had not appeared within thirty seconds, Randy began using his spoon on Alexs head (34) _ _ it were a drum.3)That meant (34) _ _ someone sent me a text or I wanted to send a text, I could only use the popular tiny picture characters to respond to or start a conversation.4)Customers usually dont have to ask (26) _ _ items cost, since prices are clearly marked.5)Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame (32)_ _ the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown.6)(29)_ _ _ help business travelers plan their free time better, weve created this overview of things to do in Chicago.7)In many parts of ancient world, garlic was thought to avoid unfriend