1、:1750:固定术治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折在内固定效果及恢复胸腰椎生理曲度方面与传统手术效果相当,但微创手术具有创伤小,疼痛轻的优势,利于患者早日恢复。参考文献1】张世磊,闫铭,丁子毅,等.纯A-P技术经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效J骨科,2 0 2 0,11(5):392-396.2Dirk HA,Shari C.Percutaneous pedicle screw stabilization:surgicaltechnique,fracture reduction,and review ofcurrent spine trauma appli-cationsJ.J Am
2、Acad Orthop Surg,2018,26(7):231-240.3 Wu X,Zhang B,Zhang CL,et al.Efficacy and safety of minimal pedi-cle screw fixation for thoracolumbar fractures:a meta-analysis J.Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci,2018,22(1S):45-52.4张野,夏辉强,易威威,等.经皮椎体后凸成形术与经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术对骨量减少型胸腰椎压缩性骨折的疗效对比研究J.创伤外科杂志,2 0 2 1,2 3(6):42 8-434.
3、5 白宇,庄小强,刘德淮微创经皮与传统切开椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗MagerlA2、A 3型胸腰椎骨折疗效比较J.临床骨科杂志,2 0 2 0,23(1):1-5.6 白跃宏,俞红,杨新文,等简体中文版Oswestry功能障碍指数评定社区康复治疗腰椎间盘突出症的信度及效度分析J中华物理医学与康复杂志,2 0 10,32(8):58 4-58 7.7 陈晞,冯程程,王磊经皮入路单向实心椎弓根螺钉固定治疗单纯性胸腰椎骨折的疗效分析J颈腰痛杂志,2 0 2 0,41(4):50 6-507.8 赵星毅,王黎明,沙卫平,等微创经皮与开放椎弓根螺钉内固定技术治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折的临床疗效对比J:徐州医科大学学
4、报,2 0 2 0,40(2):12 2-12 5.9 Lee YC,Selby M,Ztti M,et al.Minimally invasive stabilization forthoracolumbar and lumbar fractures:a comparative study with short seg-ment open Schanz screw constructsJ.J Spine Surg,2019,5(1):13Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Vol.22,No.16 Aug.2023志,2 0 17,2
5、3(1):2 6-2 9.【12】届小鹏,康凯,刘志斌,等。后路微创小切口减压联合经皮椎弓根螺钉复位内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折7 1例J陕西医学院杂志,2017,46(8):997-998,1001.13 Kocis J,Kelbl M,Kocis T,et al.Percutaneous versus open pediclescrew fixation for treatment of type A thoracolumbar fractures JJ.Eur JTrauma Emerg Surg,2020,46(1):147-152.【14单辉强,尹毅,高鹏,等,经皮椎弓根钉内固定术与经皮椎
6、体后凸成形术治疗单节段中老年胸腰椎骨折的疗效比较J颈腰痛杂志,2 0 2 1,42(3):30 9-312,440.【15张云涛,范洪武,曾建勇,等后路小切口开窗减压融合术联合经皮固定与传统开放椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床研究J实用医院临床杂志,2 0 19,16(6):2 0 5-2 0 8.16 张立志,张阳,张志成,等.经皮微创人路与Wiltse椎旁肌人路椎弓根钉内固定术治疗胸腰段骨折临床疗效对比研究J中国骨与关节杂志,2 0 2 0,9(12):913-918.17 孙进,武明鑫,谭伟,等,微创与开放经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗单椎体A型胸腰椎骨折的对比研究J临床和实验医学杂志,20
7、17,16(8):790-793.18 Sansur CA,Caffes NM,Ibrahimi DM,et al.Biomechanical fixationproperties of cortical versus transpedicular screws in the osteoporoticlum-bar spine:an in vitro human cadaveric model J.J Neurosurg Spine,2016,25(4):467-476.-18.10 Kevin P,Prashanth JR,Ralph JM.Percutaneous versus open
8、pedicleScrew fixation for treatment of thoracolumbar fractures:Systematic Re-view and meta-analysis of comparative studiesJ.Clin Neurol Neuro-surg,2015,135(8):85-92.11贾建忠,魏斌斌,张涛,等经皮微创椎弓根钉内固定术治疗创伤性胸腰椎压缩骨折的临床效果分析J中国中西医结合外科杂(收稿日期:2 0 2 3-0 4-2 8)D0I:10.3969/j.issn.1671-4695.2023.16.020Ilizarov外固定架用于糖尿病
9、Charcot神经关节病患者对其关节功能及血清PGE2、NG F的影响许英贺银习周红艳张彩霞刘魁(石家庄市第三医院创伤骨科河北石家庄0 50 0 11)【摘要】目的探讨Ilizarov外固定架用于糖尿病Charcot神经关节病患者对其关节功能及血清前列腺素E2(PGE2)、神经生长因子(NGF)的影响。方法采用回顾性分析方法,研究对象为2 0 2 0 年1月至2 0 2 2 年1月石家庄市第三医院收治的行踝关节融合术的10 0 例糖尿病Charcot神经关节病患者,按照不同手术方案分为髓内钉组(逆行髓内钉治疗,n=40)和外固定架组(Ilizarov外固定架治疗,n=60)。比较两组患者关节骨
10、融合率、愈合时间、术后临床疗效和术后不良反应发生率,对比两组患者术前及术后4周血清PGE2、NG F水平,并统计两组患者术前和术后末次随访时美国足踝外科学协会(AOFAS)评分、术后末次随访时生活质量调查表(SF-36)评分。结果外固定架组关节骨融合率高于髓内钉组,愈合时间短于髓内钉组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。外固定架组术后临床疗效优于髓内钉组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后4周,两组血清PGE2、NG F水平均较术前降低,且外固定架组低于髓内钉组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。外固定架组术后不良反应发生率低于髓内钉组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后AOFAS评分
11、均较术前升高,且外固定架组高于髓内钉组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。外固定架组末次随访时生基金项目:河北省2 0 2 1年度医学科学研究课题计划项目(编号:2 0 2 112 98)文章编号:16 7 1-46 9 5(2 0 2 3)16-17 50-0 5临床和实验医学杂志2 0 2 3年8 月第2 2 卷第16 期理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、社会功能、情感职能和精神健康评分均高于髓内钉组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论Ilizarov外固定架是治疗糖尿病Charcot神经关节病患者的有效选择,可调节血清疼痛炎症介质表达,增加关节骨融合率,缩短愈合时间,降
12、低不良反应发生率,改善生活质量。【关键词】Ilizarov外固定架逆行髓内钉糖尿病Charcot神经关节病踝关节融合术Effects of lizarov external fixator on joint function and serum PGE2 and NGF in patients with diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy.XUYing,HE Yin-xi,ZHOU Hong-yan,et al.Department of Trauma and Orthopedics,Shjiazhuang City Third Hospital,Shijiaz
13、huang Hebei050011,China.Abstract)Objective To investigate the effects of Ilizarov external fixation on joint function,serum prostaglandin E2(PGE2)and nervegrowth factor(NGF)in patients with diabetic Charcot neurojoint disease.Methods Retrospective analysis was used.The study subjects were100 patient
14、s with diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy who underwent ankle arthrofusion in Shijiazhuang City Third Hospital from January 2020 to Jan-uary 2022.They were divided into intramedullary nailing group(retrograde intramedullary nailing treatment,n=40)and external fixator group(Ilizarov external fixator t
15、reatment,n=60).The joint and bone fusion rate,healing time,postoperative clinical outcome and postoperative ad-verse incidence were compared between the two groups.Serum PGE2 and NGF levels were compared between the two groups before surgery and 4weeks after surgery,and American Association for Foot
16、 and Ankle Surgery(AOFAS)score before surgery and last fllow-up after surgery and SF-36 score at last fllow-up after surgery were collected.Results The fusion rate of external fixator group was higher than that of intramedullarynailing group,and the healing time was shorter than that of intramedulla
17、ry nailing group,the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05).The postoperative clinical efficacy of the external fixator group was better than that of the intramedullary nail group,the difference was statisticallysignificant(P 0.05).At 4 weeks after surgery,the serum levels of PGE2 and NG
18、F in the two groups decreased compared to before surgery,and the external fixator group were lower than those of intramedullary nail group,the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05).The in-cidence of postoperative adverse events in the external fixator group was lower than that in the in
19、tramedullary nail group,the difference was statisti-cally significant(P 0.05).The postoperative AOFAS scores of the two groups increased compared to before surgery,and that in the externalfixator group was higher than that in the intramedullary nail group,the differences were statistically significa
20、nt(P 0.05).The scores of physio-logical function,physiological function,physical pain,general health status,energy,social function,emotional function and mental health in theexternal fixator group were higher than those in the intramedullary nail group at the last follow-up,the differences were stat
21、istically significant(P0.05),具有可比性。见表1。本研究经石家庄市第三医院伦理委员会批准(批号:2 0 2 0-0 44)。表1两组患者一般资料比较1752 组别例数髓内钉组40外固定架组60X?/值P值1.2纳入与排除标准纳入标准:(1)性别不限;(2)年龄18 7 5岁;(3)术前临床检查和单丝试验诊断患有Charcot神经关节病患者。排除标准:(1)严重感染;(2)妊娠期或哺乳期妇女。1.3手术方法(1)外固定架组:外固定组术前依据畸形情况设计Ilizarov环支架构型,所选择圆环尺寸应与肢体节段最宽部分容纳2 指。患者于全身麻醉或椎管内麻醉下进行手术,将组装
22、好的Ilizarov环形支架套于患肢上,小腿两环垂直胫骨冠状面机械轴,螺纹杆与胫骨矢状面机械轴平行,将万向铰链放置于踝关节旋转中心,跨踝安置一长的牵拉螺纹杆,后足与前足各用1个半环,用数枚2.0 mm克氏针固定。外固定架安装完毕后,取踝前切口长约6 cm,凿除关节面,将胫距关节复位至中立位,用1 2 枚克氏针自内外踝与冠状面呈45将腔胫距固定,再用螺纹杆将胫距加压固定。见图1。(2)髓内钉组:在全身麻醉或脊髓麻醉下,患者被定位在侧卧位或仰卧位在射线可透手术台上。C臂的定位是在前后位和侧位视图中获得距下关节和胫距关节的成像。整个手术过程中常规使用气动大腿止血带。手术从踝关节经骨人路开始,使用矢状
23、锯对关节线近端2 4cm的外踝进行截骨,第二次近端缩短切口至少1cm。在关节面的准备中,胫骨的远端关节面使用摆动锯沿横向到内侧方向切除。在将足部保持在跖行位置的同时,平行于胫骨远端切口切除距骨的上关节面(如果存在)。使用刮匙从距下关节或胫距关节移除所有软骨、坏死或硬化骨,直到获得可行的软骨下骨。为了加强融合,在软骨下骨上钻了多个孔。距骨坏死或塌陷患者,全部切除距骨体残部,以实现稳定的胫跟骨接触。准备好表面后,将脚踝置于中立位背屈跖屈位,将足部重新调整为中立位至足跟外翻10,且胫骨上的跟骨轻度后移。术后,使用非负重膝下圆形石膏模型至少3个月。允许所有患者在术后至少6 个月内使用助行器完全负重,所
24、有患者均随访15个月。R图1外固定架治疗Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Vol.22,No.16 Aug.2023性别例(%)吸烟男性女性22(55.00)18(45.00)35(58.33)25(41.67)0.1090.742年龄(岁,x)57.36 13.5558.24 12.560.3330.740体重指数(kg/m,x s)23.87 3.5623.21 3.640.8960.3721.4又观察指标1.4.1关关节骨融合率和愈合时间骨融合率和愈合时间。所有病例均通过放射学和临床评估融合,实体融合被确定为跨越关节融合部位的骨桥
25、在系列X线片中可见至少3个皮质。1.4.2临床疗效记录两组患者术后临床疗效。临床结果等级判断:优:关节融合牢固且无跛行;良:成功融合但轻度跛行;可:持续跛行,外观不佳;差:不愈合或截肢。1.4.3血清PGE2、NG F水平于患者手术前后抽取晨起空腹外周静脉血5mL,离心机(GL-12LM型,湖南星科科学仪器有限公司)离心10 min(离心半径10 cm,速率30 0 0 r/min),分离上清液后-8 0 贮存。采用NSA-400型全自动生化分析仪(沈阳东软医疗系统有限公司),酶联免疫吸附试验试剂盒(上海臻科生物科技有限公司)检测PGE2、NG F水平。1.4.4术后不良反应发生率记录两组患者
26、术后不良反应发生情况,包括溃疡、伤口感染、伤口撕裂、截肢等。1.4.5踝关节功能和生活质量术前和术后末次随访,采用美国足踝外科学协会(AmericanOrthopaedicFoot and Ankle Society,A O FA S)评分评价踝关节功能,末次随访时,采用健康调查简表(the MOS item shortfromhealthsurvey,SF-36)评分评价生活质量情况。1.5统计学处理本研究中数据全部采用SPSS20.0统计分析软件进行处理;计量资料以均数标准差(xs)表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,组内比较采用配对样本t检验;计数资料以百分率(%)表示,组间比较采用检验,
27、等级资料采用秩和检验;P0.05为差异有统计学意义。2结果2.1两组患者骨关节融合情况和愈合时间比较外固定架组关节骨融合率高于髓内钉组,愈合时间短于髓内钉组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。见表2。表2 两组患者骨关节融合情况和愈合时间比较组别例数关节骨融合率例(%)愈合时间(周,xs)髓内钉组40外固定架组60 x/值P值2.2两组患者术后临床疗效比较床疗效优于髓内钉组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。见表3。Eichenholz分类例(%)例(%)期11(27.50)15(37.50)18(30.00)20(33.33)0.0730.1830.7870.669可记录两组患者关节30(75
28、.00)25.48 3.5455(91.67)18.17 1.5512.36513.2640.0150.012外固定架组术后临期25(62.50)40(66.67)临床和实验医学杂志2 0 2 3年8 月第2 2 卷第16 期表3两组患者术后临床疗效比较例(%)组别例数髓内钉组408(20.00)外固定架组6025(41.67)23(38.33)Z值12.040P值0.05);术后4周,两组血清PCE2、NG F水平较术前降低,且外固定架组低于髓内钉组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。见表4。表4两组患者手术前后血清PGE2、NG F水平比较(g/L,x s)PGE2组别例数一髓内钉组403
29、11.81 60.07 126.82 30.64a外固定架组60309.78 57.09t值0.171P值0.865注:与同组术前比较,P0.052.4两组患者术后不良反应发生率比较外固定架组术后不良反应发生率低于髓内钉组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。见表5。组别例数生理机能髓内钉组40外固定架组60t值P值3讨论Charcot神经关节病是包括感觉、运动和自主周围神经在内的联合神经病变过程的结果,其临床特征是明显肿胀、骨破坏和最终愈合并伴有严重的骨畸形14-15。Charcot神经关节病的骨畸形可能会导致从溃疡到骨髓炎乃至截肢等多种问题。尽管任何引起感觉或自主神经病变的临床状况都可能导致
30、这种使人衰弱的疾病,但糖尿病是 Charcot 神经关节病的主要原因16-18 。髓内钉、交叉加压螺钉、刀片板和外固定等许多方法已用于踝关节融合术。作为截肢的替代方法,关节融合术在Charcot患者的截肢中发挥着关键作用。尽管逆行髓内钉是一种广泛接受的后足和踝关节融合方法,以产生稳定性并产生跖行和可支撑足,但在糖尿病患者中有许多并发症。此外,很少有研究回顾患有严重足踝畸形的糖尿病患者的逆行后足关节固定术的结果。骨缺损通常见于高能量创伤事件、肌肉骨骼肿瘤切除和骨髓炎后。在Ilizarov的开创下,由于担心放化疗期间骨痴形成不良,肌肉骨骼肿瘤学家一直避开牵引成骨术。然而,与其他肢体延长方法相比,如
31、Masquelet 技术,需要较长的外固定架时间并且被认为在下肢不可 1753表5两组患者术后不良反应发生率比较例(%)优良9(22.50)13(32.50)7(11.67)NGF术前术前术后4周14.80 3.12 4.21 1.04a187.32 41.31a14.27 3.07 7.02 1.34a7.9180.8400.0010.403表7 两组患者末次随访时SF-36评分比较(分,xs)生理职能驱体疼痛一般健康状况68.25 3.2460.47 3.5884.56 3.2588.57 1.1624.61556.6240.0010.001可10(25.00)5(8.33)术后4周11.
32、1970.00162.78 2.9465.47 3.1685.32 2.6487.39 5.4839.96122.8670.0010.05);两组术后AOFAS评分较术前升高,且外固定架组高于髓内钉组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。见表6。表6 两组患者手术前后AOFAS评分比较(分,xs)组别例数髓内钉组4036.87 2.54外固定架组60t值P值2.6两组患者末次随访时SF-36评分比较外固定架组末次随访时生理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、社会功能、情感职能和精神健康评分高于髓内钉组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。见表7。精力精神健康64.33 2.9460.28
33、 3.9784.67 5.1886.37 1.1622.51148.0280.0010.001例数溃疡伤口感染伤口撕裂截肢405(12.50)8(20.00)3(7.50)4(10.00)20(50.00)01(1.67)术前术后69.32 3.5547.0170.00135.62 3.8781.54 1.321.79924.3100.0750.001社会功能情感职能63.87 1.6465.87 1.8588.55 6.6685.42 4.5722.94225.6560.0010.001合计7(11.67)9.2140.001值P值86.9900.001:1754 Ilizarov方法虽然被
34、广泛使用,但因其并发症发生率高,如牵引成骨失败、再骨折、过早巩固、形成新的骨畸形、对接部位不愈合、感染、膝关节僵硬等并发症2 0 。本研究中并发症包括溃疡、伤口感染、伤口撕裂、截肢,其他研究有急性骨髓炎和围手术期骨折等并发症。笔者认为,在本研究的病例中,术前血糖调节可能是预防术后并发症的另一个重要因素,因为已经阐明HbAlc水平升高与糖尿病人群后足和/或踝关节融合术后的术后感染密切相关。尽管本研究未能在每例患者术后达到所需的HbA1c水平,但所有重新调整抗糖尿病药物治疗的患者的所有血糖水平在术前均恢复正常。此外,考虑到患者合并症的高负担、根据 ASA 的实质性功能限制以及长期血糖控制不佳,可能
35、难以获得足够的HbA1c水平。本研究结果显示,外固定架组较髓内钉组溃疡、伤口感染、伤口撕裂、截肢和整体不良反应发生率降低。本研究患者术前功能状态和生活质量明显受损,经手术治疗后,外固定架组和髓内钉组平均AOFAS评分均较术前显著升高;另外,外固定架组较髓内钉组SF-36生理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、社会功能、情感职能和精神健康评分均增加,提示外固定架治疗能显著改善患者的功能状态和生活质量。4结论综上所述,外固定架是治疗糖尿病 Charcot神经关节病患者的有效选择,可增加融合率,缩短愈合时间,降低不良反应发生率,并使患者的生活质量恢复到与正常人群相当的水平。相对较低的并发症
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