初三英语Unit 15 We’re trying to save the manatees.知识精讲.doc

初三英语Unit 15 We’re trying to save the manatees.

【本讲主要内容】
Unit 15 We’re trying to save the manatees.

通过本课的学习，我们应该能做下面的事：
1. 学会表达自己的观点，并有充足的论据做支持。
2. 培养辩论及交流协作的能力。
3. 学会正确处理人与自然的关系。
4. 复习动词的语态，即主动语态和被动语态。

【知识掌握】
【知识点精析】
同学们，你们知道manatee是什么样的动物吗？它们现在的境况怎么样了呢？我们为什么要努力挽救它们呢？让我们一起进入本单元的学习，近距离看看这些可爱的动物朋友们吧。

【词汇用法】
1. try v. 试，尝试， 努力， try to do 努力做
We’re trying to save the manatees. 我们正在努力挽救海牛。
I tried hard not to laugh. 我极力忍住不笑。
try doing 试做（可达到目的的方法）
If the car won’t start, try pushing it. 如果这车发动不了，试着推一推它。
2. like prep. 像，同……一样
She is very like her mother. 她很像她的母亲。
look like 看上去像（着重指外貌）
He looks like an athlete.他看上去像个运动员。
对比：take after 与……相象 （指性格、外貌像自己的父母）
I take after my mother. We are both outgoing.
我像我母亲，我俩都很外向。
like v. 喜欢 like sth. / like doing sth. / like to do sth.
My little brother likes ice-cream very much.
我弟弟非常喜欢冰淇淋。
I used to like reading, but now I like playing soccer.
我以前喜欢看书，但现在我喜欢踢足球。
对比：
What does Mary like? 玛丽喜欢什么？
She likes listening to the music. 她喜欢听音乐。
What is Mary like? 玛丽性格怎么样？
She is outgoing and friendly. 她开朗又随和。
What does Mary look like? 玛丽长什么样子呢？
She is very tall and has long hair. 她个子很高，留着长发。
3. used to do, used to doing, be used to do
used to do 过去常常做某事（而现在不做了）
We used to help him a lot when he first came here.
他刚来的时候我们经常给他帮助。
There used to be a lot of manatees. 从前有大量的海牛。
Did you use to see each other? 你们以前经常见面吗？
be used to +名/动名词 表示习惯于某事，习惯于做某事，
有时写成become used to渐渐习惯
I’m really not used to such dry weather. 我实在不习惯这样干燥的天气。
be used to do sth 被用来做某事，be used 是被动语态
This room is used to have dinners. 这个房间是用来吃饭的。
4. against prep. 反对
I am writing to say that I am against building a new zoo in our town.
我写信是想说我反对在我们城市建一个新的动物园。
They are strongly against the idea. 他们强烈反对这个主意。
for prep. 赞同，支持，同意
I’m all for the young enjoying themselves.
我完全赞同年轻人多一些娱乐。
5. keep v. 使保持 keep+sth.+adj./adv./ prep.
The animals are kept in tiny cages and can hardly move at all.
This coat will keep you warm. 这件外衣会使你温暖的。
The illness kept her in hospital. 她因病住在医院里。
keep doing sth. 继续做下去
Keep walking until you reach the traffic lights.
你一直往前走，直到红绿灯为止。
6. be surprised （to do sth.）　（对某事）感到惊奇的
I was very surprised to find hardly anyone there.
我很惊讶几乎没人在那儿。
I was surprised at her reaction. 我对她的反应感到吃惊。
We were surprised to learn that he was French.　
获知他是法国人，我们很吃惊。
surprising adj. （某事或物）让人吃惊的
It was a surprising trip for her. 对她来说，这是一次让人吃惊的旅行。
7. enough adj./adv. 足够的，用在可数名词复数或不可数名词前，形容词的后面。
If we don’t support our zoos, they won’t have enough money to take care of so many fine animals.
如果我们不支持动物园，他们就不会有足够的钱来照顾这么多美丽的动物。
enough money / people / chairs 足够的钱/人/椅子
Are you sure he is old enough? 你确定他的年纪够大吗？
8. urge sb. to do 力促、怂恿某人做某事
I urge all of your readers to visit our wonderful zoo soon.
我强烈要求所有的读者们尽快来参观我们精彩的动物园。
They urged us to give our support. 他们敦促我们给予支持。
9. agree 的用法
（1）用于简短回答中，“同意”或“赞成”。
——Chocolate is good for your health. Do you agree?
巧克力对身体有好处，你认为呢？
——Yes, I agree. / No, I don’t agree. 是的，我觉得是。/ 不，我不同意。
（2）agree with sb./sb.’s idea/ sb.’s view 同意某人，同意某人的观点、想法、主意
（3）agree to do sth 同意去做某事
I agree to ask someone for help. 我同意向别人求助。
（4）agree to sth 赞成某个建议、安排等
He agreed to your suggestion. 他赞成你的建议。
（5）agree on sth. 在……方面达成一致
We agree on a price for the car. 我们就车价达成一致意见。
（6）agree that+从句
Tom’s mother agree that he went on with his study.
（7） disagree 不同意，意见不和, 用法同agree.
10. hear/ hear of （about）/ hear from
hear “听见”，“听到”， 后面可以接名词、代词+ 分词结构或动词原形。 hear和 hear of 都可以解做“听说”， hear 后面接宾语从句，hear of （about） 接名词、代词或动名词。
I heard him just now. 我刚才听到他说话。
I have heard of him. 我听人提到过他。
I heard him singing in the next room. 我听见他在隔壁房间里唱歌。
hear from 意为“收到……的信”，“得到……的消息”，from后面加表示人的名词或代词。
How often do you hear from your father? 你每隔多久收到你父亲的来信？
11. be made of / be made from/ be made in / be made by
be made of 意为“由……原材料制成”，主语为制成品，而且能看出原材料，of后面接表示原材料的名词。
This jacket is made of cotton. 这件上衣是棉花做的。
be made from 意思也是“由……制成”，但制成品不能看出原材料。
Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木头制成的。
be made in 表示某一产品在某地生产或制造，in后面跟表示地点的名词。
Trains are made in Zhuzhou. 火车是株州制造的。
be made by 意为“由（谁）制造的”， by 后面接动作的执行者。
The desk was made by his brother.这张桌子是他弟弟做的。
12. spare adj. 空闲的，多余的 in one’s spare time 在某人空闲的时候
What does Amy do in her spare time? 在业余时间Amy做什么呢？
spare v. 让给，腾出
Can you spare me five minutes? 你能腾出五分钟和我谈谈吗？
13. raise v. 召集，筹集
The king raised an army. 国王召集起一支军队。
raise v. 抚育，饲养
They raise horses. 他们养马。
raise v. 提高
He raised the lid of the box. 他提起了盒子盖。

【语法的重点难点】
本单元是一个总复习单元，时态，语态在本单元较集中地呈现。现对动词语态进行复习。
（一）语态是表示主语与谓语的关系的。如果主语是动作的执行者，动词要用主动语态，反之，如果主语是动作的承受者，动作就要使用被动语态。
The naughty boy broke a glass yesterday.
（主语“淘气的男孩”发出“broken”的动作，是执行者，因此用主动语态）
A glass was broken by the naughty boy yesterday.
（主语“玻璃”被“砸碎”, 是动作的承受者，用被动语态）
（二）被动语态的结构：be + 动词的过去分词。
过去分词没有变化，所有的变化如人称，数，时态的变化，都体现在助动词be的变化上。
History is made by the people. 历史是人民创造的。
（主语是第三人称单数，用is， by 后面加动作的执行者）
These new cars were made in Tianjin in 1994.
这些新车是1994年在天津生产的。
（主语是第三人称复数，时态为一般过去时，因此用were）
Li Ming will be asked to attend the lecture. 李明将被邀请参加讲座。
（一般将来时的被动语态， 用will be）
A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。
（主语是第三人称单数，现在进行时的被动语态， 用is being）
（三）被动语态的否定及疑问
The students clean the classroom every day. （主动句）
The classroom is cleaned （by the students） every day. （被动句）
The classroom isn’t cleaned every day. （被动语态的否定句）
Is the classroom cleaned every day? Yes, it is.（被动语态的一般疑问句）
（四）一些被动语态的固定句式
●It’s reported that… 据报道……
●It’s believed that…大家相信……
●It’s thought that…大家认为……
●It’s said that…据说……
●It is known that…众所周知……
●It has been decided that…大家决定……
It’s said there will be an exam soon. 据说，很快就要考试了。

【功能用语及拓展】
本单元涉及的功能用语有：
1. We are trying to save the endangered animals.
2. What does the manatee like eating?
It likes eating a kind of underwater vegetation.
What does a cheetah look like?
It’s spotted and furry.
What is the polar bear like?
It’s aggressive, not gentle.
3. We can save the electricity, the water, the trees, the air by turning off the lights （the shower ） / stopping using paper napkins, recycling books, not riding in cars.
4. I prefer elephants which are gray, enormous to chimpanzees which are noisy and playful, and I hate the zoo where the animals are kept in the tiny cages and can hardly move at all. They should be set free from the zoo to their favorite habitat.
5. His new backpack is made from the red trousers which he used to wear, his bookshelf is made of used wood, the carpet is used to make a beautiful scarf （ is used for making ）, he has been used to using the things which are called recycled material.

【考点突破】
【考点指要】
本单元所涉及的中考考点较多，同学们应该认真掌握上述所列语言点以及词汇，完成下列练习。

【典型例题分析】
例题1. Many old houses around our school ______ next year and a large green area will appear. （05年上海中考）
A. pull down B. will be pulled down
C. will pull down D. are pulled down
【思路探究】
答案：B，will be pulled down
此题我们要注意many old houses和pull down的关系，房子是被推倒的，所以要用被动语态，又由于句中提到的是next year，因此要用一般将来时的被动语态will be pulled down.
译文：我们学校周围的许多老房明年将被推倒，在那儿将出现一大片绿地。

例题2. Today computers _____ both cities and towns. （05年陕西中考）
A. were using B. are used C. were used D. are using
【思路探究】
答案：选B：are used
首先根据today判断该处要用现在时，又因为computers和use的关系，计算机在城乡被运用,因此要用被动语态，即be used，它的现在时的被动语态是：are used,故选B
译文：如今城乡都使用计算机。

例题3. 用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空：
A: Let’s go for a walk after supper?
B: What time ______ we ______?
A: We _____ at seven. （go）.
【思路探究】
答案：shall, leave, will leave
根据第一句用祈使句，我们可以看出本题应使用一般将来时态。本题的主语是第一人称，在以第一人称为主语的问句中，用“shall”提问，常表示建议或征求意见，以及询问将要发生的情况。

例题4. 为了拯救我们的地球，我们平时可以做点什么呢？
这道题的答案不唯一，故为开放性试题。对于开放性试题，我们要自己组织语言来回答，因此考查的是同学们运用语言的能力。当然这道题相对来讲比较容易一些，因为在书中能找到相应的答案，但不是直接答案。
【思路探究】
答案：I think we can turn off the shower when we’re washing hair.

【综合测试】
I. 用下列所给单词或词组的适当形式填空，每个单词或词组只能用一次。
weigh, against, be suitable for, the public, pull down,
be made from, care for, at times
1. _______ are not allowed to enter this room.
2. The cinema she used to visit was ______ yesterday.
3. In many parts of our country, paper ________ bamboo. （竹子）
4. _______ I help my parents with their farm work.
5. This kind of clothes _______ cold weather.
6. He’s ______ his elderly parents.
7. Are most people _____ the idea?
8. The bag of rice ______ five kilograms.

II．选择方框中所给的句子补全对话。
A: I know that many trees are dying.
B: ____1____ There’s a huge amount of pollution in the air. Pollution kills trees, plants and even animals.
A: ____2______
B: Well, some of it comes from factories. Some of it comes from cars and trucks.
A: ____3____
B: The wind carries it. It spreads far away from the places where it began. When it rains, the pollution in the air comes back down. We call that acids rain （酸雨）.
A: ____4____
B: Acid rain is killing the whole forests. It’s poisoning （使恶化） the soil. It’s poisoning our lakes and rivers.
A: _____5____
B: Absolutely （对极了）. Some scientists believe that in twenty years, all the great forests of the world may be dead.
A. How does pollution spread?
B. Why is acid rain a bad thing?
C. Is acid rain really a serious problem?
D. Where does pollution come from?
E. That’s right.

III. 单项选择填空
（ ）1. The Cheetah runs ________ on earth.
A. most slowly B. fastest C. biggest D. highest
（ ）2. The walls are ________ old glass bottles that are glued together.
A. made in B. made from C. made of D. made by
（ ）3. I _____, but I _____ nothing.
A. hear, listen B. heard, listened
C. listen, hear D. listened, heard
（ ）4. When we _____ there, they _____ there for an hour.
A. got, had been B. got, got
C. reached, arrived D. reached, had got
（ ）5. I’ve worked in this school _____ twenty years.
A. since B. for C. after D. when
（ ）6. You must be very tired. Why not _____ a rest?
A. to stop to have B. to stop having
C. stop to have D. stop having
（ ）7. I don’t agree _____ what you said.
A. at B. with C. on D. in
（ ）8. Do you think it’s a fine day _____a walk?
A. in B. with C. for D. to
（ ）9. I _____ all of your readers ____our wonderful zoo soon.
A. urge, to protect B. urge, protect
C. urges, protect D. urged, to protect
（ ）10. You have probably never __________ Amy Winterbourne.
A. hear of B. heard from C. heard D. heard of
（ ）11. Mary ______ to school by bike when she lived in China.
A. used to go B. was used to go
C. was used going D. used to go
（ ）12. The windows and doors came from old buildings that were being ______.
A. pulled down B. came down
C. wrote down D. turned down
（ ）13. ——Have you gone to see the doctor? ---No, but I _____.
A. didn’t B. am going to C. haven’t D. am not going to
（ ）14. We are not sure whether we can ____ the first place in the match.
A. win B. hit C. beat D. fight
（ ）15. _____ does the tiger _____? It’s like a big cat.
A. How, like B. What, like C. What, look like D. How, look like

IV. 完形填空
Here is story about a clever dog. It was a Seeing Eye dog. A Seeing dog can help blind（瞎的）people walk along the streets and do many other things.
One day a Seeing Eye dog and a blind man 1 on a bus together. The bus was 2 of people and there were 3 vacant（空的）seats. Soon one man stood up and left his seat. The dog 4 the blind man to the seat, but there was 5 space for both of them. The dog began to push the people on each side with his nose. He pushed and pushed 6 the people moved and finally there was enough space for 7 people. The blind man then sat down and the 8 got up on the seat at his side. The dog lay down and put his head on the blind man’s lap. He was very comfortable and soon fell asleep. Every one on the 9 couldn’t help smiling at the dog.
（ ）1. A. got B. went C. took D. had
（ ）2. A. fell B. fill C. full D. feel
（ ）3. A. no B. some C. several D. many
（ ）4. A. told B. asked C. letting D. took
（ ）5. A. a few B. not any C. not enough D. not enough of
（ ）6. A. up to now B. up till now C. until D. to the finally
（ ）7. A. many B. two C. few D. one
（ ）8. A. dog B. people C. man D. woman
（ ）9. A. seat B. floor C. car D. bus

Ⅴ. 阅读理解
A
Can dolphins talk? May be they can’t talk with words, but they talk with sounds.
Dolphins travel in a group. We call a group of fish a “school”. They don’t study but they travel together. Dolphins are mammals, not fish, but they swim together in a school.
Dolphins talk to other dolphins in the school. They give information. They tell when they are happy or sad or afraid. They say welcome when a dolphin comes back to the school. They talk when they play.
They make a few sounds above water. They make many more sounds under water. People can’t hear these sounds because they are very very high. Scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them.
Sometimes people catch a dolphin for a large aquarium. People watch the dolphins in a show. Dolphins don’t like to be away from their school. In the aquarium they are sad and lonely. There are many stories about dolphins. They can help people. Sometimes they save somebody’s life. Dolphin meat is good but people don’t like to kill them. They say that dolphins bring good luck. Many people believe this.
（ ）1. Dolphins can talk with________.
A. sounds B. words C. language D. action
（ ）2. Dolphins _____ be in their school.
A. don’t like to B. like to C. liking D. likes
（ ）3. Dolphins always bring _____.
A. sadness B. wishes C. bad luck D. good luck
（ ）4. Dolphins make _____ sounds above water.
A. more B. many C. a few D. much
（ ）5. Which of the following is true?
A. Dolphin meat is good, so people like to kill them.
B. Sometimes dolphins save somebody’s life.
C. Dolphins make a few sounds under water.
D. People can hear these sounds from under water.

B
阅读文章并搜索主要信息填写表格
How to save the wild
Animals are people’s friends. But many wild animals are facing the danger of dying out（灭绝），because the environment that they are living in has changed greatly. For example, their living area has become narrower and narrower because of the development of cities and pollution. They have no room to live in except the zoo. And many of the wild animals now can’t find enough food to eat. At the same time, man is killing off（杀尽）animals just for getting their fur, skin, teeth and meat.
People should realize how serious the situation