Jane-Austen-简·奥斯汀-PPT-文学史.ppt

Jane Austen A novelist writing for women and her love制作人:杨雅菲王曼妮李师同Introductionsn nJaneAustenJaneAusten(December16,1775(December16,1775July18,1817)July18,1817)Englishnovelist.SheEnglishnovelist.ShewasborninaruralwasborninaruraltownnamedStevetownnamedSteveBurton.TherearesixBurton.Therearesixbrothersandonebrothersandonesisterinherfamily.sisterinherfamily.AustindidnotgotoAustindidnotgotoregularschool,butregularschool,butgainedgoodfamilygainedgoodfamilyeducation.Themaineducation.Themainlearningmaterialislearningmaterialisherfathersliteraryherfathersliterarybooks.books.Main worksn n1811Sense and Sensibilityn n1813Pride and Prejudice(First expression)n n1814Mansfield Park n n1815Emman n1818Northanger Abbey n n1818Persuasion n nThelatestsurveyinEnglandshowsthattheidealmanmakingappointmentswithinEnglishwomenseyesis Mr.Darcy-Mr.Darcy-acharacterinthe1800snovelPride and Prejudice.Even cool 007 Mr.Bond has to be in the second place,the superman is in the third place.n nSomething about the titleJaneAustenbeganhersecondnovel,PrideandPrejudice,beforeshewastwenty-one.ItwasoriginallytitledFirstImpressionbecausetheappearancesofthecharacterscreatedtheplotofthenovel.However,becausethenovelisalsoconcernedwiththeeffectsofthecharactersfirstimpressions,thatistheirprejudice,JanefoundthetitlePrideandPrejudicemoreappropriaten nFirstImpression(originaltitle)n nThemes:n n1.PrideandPrejudicen n2.LoveAndMarriagen nMainChracters:Bingley&Jane;n nElizabeth&Darcy;Charlotte&Collins;Lydia&Wickham;Mr.&Mrs.Bennetn nSingle women have a dreadful propensity(tendency)for being poor,which is one very strong argument in favour of matrimony(marriage)-JaneAusten,letterofMarch13,18161.Mainconcernisaboutpersonalrelationships,particularlywiththatbetweenmenandwomeninlove.2.Writeswithinanarrowsphere,concernsthelandedgentryfamilieswiththetrivialincidentsoftheireverydaylife.n n3.Realistic,Withkeenobservationandpenetratinganalysis.n n4.Extravagantuseofdialogues.n n5.Typicallyneoclassicallanguage,simple,easy,naturallylucidandveryeconomical.n nsatiresatire/sta/sta(r)/(r)/讽刺讽刺n nmercenary/mmercenary/m snri/snri/只为金钱的只为金钱的 n nobsess/bsesobsess/bses/唠叨；挂牵；念念不忘唠叨；挂牵；念念不忘 n nintellectual/intellectual/ntlektntlekt ulul/智力的；脑力的；智力的；脑力的；理智的理智的 n nsubtle/ssubtle/s tl/tl/不易察觉的；不明显的；微妙的不易察觉的；不明显的；微妙的 n nperceptiveness/pseptivnis/perceptiveness/pseptivnis/感知力感知力;觉察力觉察力n nconveyconvey表达，传递（思想、感情等）表达，传递（思想、感情等）n ncourtshipcourtship求爱期；求爱；追求求爱期；求爱；追求 n ncomplementary/kcomplementary/k mplmpl mentrimentri互补的；补充的；相互补的；补充的；相互补足的互补足的 n nreconcilereconcile使和解；使和好如初使和解；使和好如初,使和谐一致；调和使和谐一致；调和 n nflawflaw错误；缺点错误；缺点品格上的）弱点，缺点品格上的）弱点，缺点 n ngullible/gullible/lbllbl轻信的；易受骗的；轻信的；易受骗的；n ncomplyingcomplying遵从；服从；顺从遵从；服从；顺从 n nvivacityvivacityvivsitivivsiti活泼活泼;快活快活;有生气有生气 n nhasty/hehasty/he sti/sti/匆忙的；仓促而就的；草率的匆忙的；仓促而就的；草率的n nspousespouse配偶配偶 PrideandPrejudice,similartootherJaneAustensnovels,iswritteningentleorHoraciansatire.ThemainobjectofJanessatireinthenovelisthemercenaryandtheignoranceofthepeople,acommoncriticismofthe18thcentury.CharactersinthenovelwhichbestcarriesthesequalitiesareMrs.Bennet,afoolishwomanwhotalkstoomuchandisobsesswithgettingherdaughtersmarried;LydiaBennet,theyoungestoftheBennetdaughterwhoisdevotedtoalifeofdancing,fashions,gossipsandflirting;andMr.WilliamsCollins,thesillyandconceitedbaboonwhoiscompletelystupifybyLadyCatherineineveryaspectofhislifethathehasforgottenhisownmoralsandduty.The toneofthenovelislight,satirical,andvivid.ScenessuchasMr.CollinsproposaltoElizabeth,andLady CatherinevisitstoLizzyatLongbourn,providescomicrelieftothereaderwhileatthesametimerevealingcertaincharacteristicsofthecharacters.Forexample,LydiaslackofcommonsenseandresponsibilityisrevealedwhenshetakesprideinbeingthefirstBennetgirltobemarried.Lydiadoesnottakeintoconsiderationthecircumstanceofhermarriage,thepersonalityofherhusband,ortheprospectsoftheirmarriageforthefuture.Elizabeth Bennetsability to laugh off her misfortunate and to continue to be optimistic,considering her situation,also contributes to the tone of the novel.The point of viewinPrideandPrejudiceislimitedomniscient;thestoryistoldthroughElizabeth,butnotinfirstperson.Asaresult,the moodofthenovellacksdramaticemotions.The atmosphereisintellectualandcold;thereislittledescriptionsofthesetting.The main actionsofthenovelaretheinteractionsbetweenopinions,ideas,andattitudes,whichweavesandadvancestheplotofthenovel.The emotionsinthenovelaretobeperceivedbeneaththesurfaceofthestoryandarenottobeexpressedtothereadersdirectly.JanespowersofsubtlediscriminationandshrewdperceptivenessisrevealedinPrideandPrejudice;sheisabletoconveysuchacomplexmessageusingasimple,yetwitty,style.The beginning“ITisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.”The main subjectinthenovelisstatedinthe first sentenceofthenovel:Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife.Inthisstatement,Janehascleverlydonethreethings:shehasdeclaredthatthe main subjectofthenovelwillbecourtship and marriage,shehasestablishedthehumorous toneofthenovelbytakingasimplesubjecttoelaborateandtospeakintelligentlyof,andshehaspreparedthereaderforachaseinthenovelofeitherahusbandinsearchofawife,orawomeninpursuitofahusband.ThefirstlinealsodefinesJanesbookasapieceofliteraturethatconnectsitselftothe 18th century periodPrideandPrejudiceis18thcenturybecauseoftheemphasisonmaninhissocialenvironmentratherthaninhisindividualconditions.The use of satire and wit,acommonformof18thcenturyliterature,alsocontributestolabelthebookas18thcentury.However,becauseJaneAustenhadallowedpersonal feelings of the characterstobeexpressedinherwork,shecanalsobeclassifiedasRomantic.InthefigureofElizabeth,JaneAustenshowspassionattemptingtofindavalidmodeofexistenceinsociety.Passionandreasonsalsocomestogetherinthenoveltoshowthattheyarecomplementaryofmarriage.Thereareseven differentmarriagespresentedinthenovel.ExcludingtheGardinerandtheLucas,theremaining fivemarriagescontrastseachothertorevealJanesopinionsandthoughtsonthesubjectofmarriage1.The marriage between Darcy and Elizabethrevealsthecharacteristicswhichconstitutesasuccessful marriage.Oneofthesecharacteristicsisthatthefeelingcannotbebroughtonbyappearances,andmustgraduallydevelopbetweenthetwopeopleastheygettoknowoneanother.Inthebeginning,ElizabethandDarcyweredistantfromeachotherbecauseoftheirprejudice.Theseriesofeventswhichtheybothexperiencedgavethemtheopportunitytounderstandoneanotherandthetimetoreconciletheirfeelingsforeachother.Thus,theirmutualunderstandingisthefoundationoftheirrelationshipandwillleadthemtoapeacefulandlastingmarriage.ThisrelationshipbetweenElizabethandDarcyrevealstheimportanceofgettingtoknowonespartnerbeforemarrying.2.The marriage between Jane Bennet and Bingleyisalsoanexampleofsuccessful marriage.JaneAusten,throughElizabeth,expressesheropinionofthisinthenovel:.reallybelievedallhisBingleyexpectationsoffelicity,toberationallyfounded,becausetheyhadforbasistheexcellentunderstanding,andsuper-excellentdispositionofJane,anda general similarity of feeling and taste between her and himself.(Chapter55)However,unlikeDarcyandElizabeth,thereisa flawintheirrelationship.Theflawisthatbothcharactersaretoo gullible and too good-hearted to ever act strongly against external forces that may attempt to separate them YouJaneandBingleyareeachofyousocomplying,thatnothingwilleverberesolvedon;soeasy,thateveryservantwillcheatyou;andsogenerous,thatyouwillalwaysexceedyourincome.(Chapter55)3.Obviously,Lydia and Wickhams marriageisanexampleofan bad marriage.Theirmarriagewasbasedonappearances,goodlooks,andyouthfulvivacity.Oncethesequalitiescannolongerbeseenbyeachother,theoncestrongrelationshipwillslowlyfadeaway.Asinthenovel,LydiaandWickhamsmarriagegraduallydisintegrates;LydiabecomesaregularvisitorathertwoeldersistershomeswhenherhusbandwasgonetoenjoyhimselfinLondonorBath.Throughtheirrelationship,JaneAustenshowsthathasty marriage based on superficial qualities quickly cools and leads to unhappiness4.AlthoughlittleistoldofhowMr.Bennet and Mrs.Bennetgottogether,itcanbeinferredbytheirconversionsthattheirrelationshipwas similar to that of Lydia and Wickham-Mr.Bennethadmarriedawomanhefoundsexuallyattractivewithoutrealizingshewasanunintelligentwoman.Mrs.BennetsfavoritismtowardsLydiaandhercommentsonhowshewasonceasenergeticasLydiarevealsthissimilarity.Mr.BennetscommentonWickhambeinghisfavoriteson-in-lawreinforcesthisparallelism.TheeffectoftherelationshipswasthatMr.Bennetwouldisolatehimselffromhisfamily;hefoundrefugeeinhislibraryorinmockinghiswife.Mr.Bennets self-realizationattheendofthenovelinwhichhediscoversthathislackofattentiontowardshisfamilyhadleadhisfamilytodevelopthewaytheyare,wastoolatetosavehisfamily.HeisJaneAustensexampleofa weak father.Inthesetwolatterrelationships,Austenshowsthatitisnecessarytousegoodjudgementtoselectaspouse,otherwisethetwopeoplewillloserespectforeachother.5.Thelastexampleofamarriageisaofadifferentnaturethantheonesmentionedabove.The marriage between Mr.Collins and Charlotteisbasedon economicsratherthanonloveorappearance.Itwasa common practiceduringAustenstimefor women to marry a husband to save herself from spinsterhood or to gain financial security.However,JaneAustenviewedthisasatypeofprostitution(卖淫；为娼)anddisapprovedofit.InPrideandPrejudice,JaneAustendramatizesthisformofwomeninequalityandshowthatwomen who submits themselves to this type of marriage will have to suffer in tormenting silence as Charlotte does:Conclusion:Thesefivemarriagescontributestothethemethatahappyandstrongmarriagetakestimetobuildandmustbebasedonmutual feeling,understanding,and respect.Hastymarriagesactingonimpulse,andbasedonsuperficialqualitieswillnotsurviveandwillleadtoinevitableunhappiness.InPrideandPrejudice,Janehasdenounced(谴责；指责；斥责)theelementsofmarriageandsocietythatshefounddistasteful(使人不愉快的；令人反感的；讨厌).Thesearetheconclusionsofherobservationofthepeopleinherworld.Howeverinherwriting,Janehasalsoreflectedherownenjoymentinlifeamongthesepeoplewithandwithouttheirfaults.n nThoughthestoryssettingisuniquelyturnThoughthestoryssettingisuniquelyturnofthe19thcentury,itretainsafascinationofthe19thcentury,itretainsafascinationformodernreaders,continuingneartheformodernreaders,continuingnearthetopoflistsofmostlovedbooksandstilltopoflistsofmostlovedbooksandstillreceivesconsiderableattentionfromreceivesconsiderableattentionfromliterarycritics.Thismoderninteresthasliterarycritics.ThismoderninteresthasresultedinanumberofdramaticresultedinanumberofdramaticadaptationsandaplethoraofnovelsandadaptationsandaplethoraofnovelsandstoriesimitatingAustensmemorablestoriesimitatingAustensmemorablecharactersorthemes.charactersorthemes.n nTodate,thebookhassoldsome20millionTodate,thebookhassoldsome20millioncopiesworldwidecopiesworldwideSense and SensibilityLose your heart and come to your senses.Brief Plotn nThestoryconcernstwosisters,ElinorandMarianneDashwood(ElinorrepresentingsenseandMariannesensibility).AlongwiththeirmotherandyoungersisterMargaret,theyareleftimpoverishedafterthedeathoftheirfather,andthefamilyisforcedtomovetoacountrycottage,offeredtothembyagenerousrelative.ElinorformsanattachmenttothegentleandcourteousEdwardFerrars,unawarethatheisalreadysecretlyengaged.Aftertheirmove,MariannemeetsWilloughby,adashingyoungmanwholeadsherintoundisciplinedbehavior,sothatsheignorestheattentionsofthefaithful(butolder)ColonelBrandon.Thecontrastbetweenthesisterscharactersiseventuallyresolvedasbothfindloveandlastinghappiness.detailsJane and Elinorn nSense andSense and SensibilitySensibilitysElinorDashwoodsElinorDashwoodmirrorsJaneAustensstrait-lacedsenseofmirrorsJaneAustensstrait-lacedsenseofproprietyandherconcernandcareaboutproprietyandherconcernandcareaboutfamilymembers.familymembers.n nJanewaspracticalandsensible,andsheJanewaspracticalandsensible,andshedidwhatshethoughtbest.Forexample,didwhatshethoughtbest.Forexample,afterherfatherdied,Janemanagedtoafterherfatherdied,JanemanagedtogatherherselftogetherandsendhergatherherselftogetherandsendherfatherspocketcompassandpairoffatherspocketcompassandpairofscissorstoherbrotherFrankasascissorstoherbrotherFrankasamementooftheirfather.mementooftheirfather.Their roles in their familiesn nElinorinElinorinSense and SensibilitySense and Sensibilityisthesisteristhesisterwhoholdsdownthefamilyanddiscusseswhoholdsdownthefamilyanddiscussesthepracticalityofsituations.Shetoothepracticalityofsituations.Shetoodistributescherishedmementosofherdistributescherishedmementosofherfatherwhenhedies.Elinoristhesisterfatherwhenhedies.Elinoristhesisterwhoisconcernedwiththewelfareofherwhoisconcernedwiththewelfareofherrelationsandtakesituponherselftolookrelationsandtakesituponherselftolookaftertheirwell-being.Feelingafflictedaftertheirwell-being.FeelingafflictedwhenhersisterMarianneishurtbywhenhersisterMarianneishurtbyWilloughby,shetriesherbesttocomfortWilloughby,shetriesherbesttocomforthersister,resolvethesituation,andfindhersister,resolvethesituation,andfindoutthefactsofwhathappened.outthefactsofwhathappened.n nJanecanalsobeconsideredthebackboneJanecanalsobeconsideredthebackboneofherfamily.Aftershedies,thefamilyisofherfamily.Aftershedies,thefamilyisnotascloseastheywereduringhernotascloseastheywereduringherlifetime.Janebecameveryclosewithtwooflifetime.Janebecameveryclosewithtwoofhernieces,FannyAustenandAnnaAusten.hernieces,FannyAustenandAnnaAusten.ShecounseledthemonmenandmarriageShecounseledthemonmenandmarriagewhentheyreachedtheageofchoosingawhentheyreachedtheageofchoosingasuitor.Sheoftenhelpedwithdeliveringhersuitor.Sheoftenhelpedwithdeliveringhersister-in-lawsbabies.Duringherthirties,sister-in-lawsbabies.Duringherthirties,shelivedwithherbrotherFrankforseveralshelivedwithherbrotherFrankforseveralweeks.Shecookedthemealsforhisfamilyweeks.Shecookedthemealsforhisfamilyandcaredforhischildrenwhilehiswifewasandcaredforhischildrenwhilehiswifewasconfinedtoherbed.Afterseveralweeksofconfinedtoherbed.Afterseveralweeksofsuchalife,shefeltsheneededabreakandsuchalife,shefeltsheneededabreakandsolitude,butshecontinuedtohelphersolitude,butshecontinuedtohelpherbrotherandhisfamilyuntilherservicesbrotherandhisfamilyuntilherserviceswerenolongerneeded.Likethecharacterwerenolongerneeded.LikethecharactershecreatesinElinor,shesticksbyhershecreatesinElinor,shesticksbyherfamilyandhelpsthemwhentheyneedher.familyandhelpsthemwhentheyneedher.Jane and Mariannen nMarianneDashwood,ElinorsyoungerMarianneDashwood,Elinorsyoungersister,representsthetypeofgirlJanesister,representsthetypeofgirlJanewantedtobe.Marianneislightandairywantedtobe.Marianneislightandairywithaflightypersonality.Heremotionswithaflightypersonality.Heremotionsdictateheractions.Janesniecesdictateheractions.Janesniecesrememberherasbeingyouthful,playful,rememberherasbeingyouthful,playful,andinventivebeforesheprematurelyandinventivebeforesheprematurelyturnedintomiddle-age.turnedintomiddle-age.n nOnlyonceinherlifedidJanebehaveOnlyonceinherlifedidJanebehavesimilarlytoMarianne,anditwasansimilarlytoMarianne,anditwasaneveningshereliveduntilherdeath.eveningshereliveduntilherdeath.n nWhenshewastwenty,JaneattendedaballWhens