选票还是子弹（英韩语）.doc

The Ballot or the Bullet选票还是子弹【概说】马尔科姆艾克斯于1925年出生在美国内布拉斯加州东部的奥马哈市，少年时期是个不学无术的街头混混，贩毒、吸毒、滥交、抢劫、杀人几乎无恶不作。终于自食恶果，被抓入监狱。入狱后，他居然从看字典开始，学习了世界历史，哲学，政治，自然科学等方面的知识，并参加了黑色穆斯林组织。出狱后，他投身黑人运动，成为声望仅次于马丁路德金的黑人运动领袖。马尔科姆原是穆斯林组织“伊斯兰民族”的头领，他到处发表演讲，强调族裔对立，把什么事都往种族冲突上拉，煽动黑人对白人的仇恨。到后来他醒悟、放弃暴力、并和腐败的教主进行抗衡，不再强调仇恨；而是追求黑人和白人之间的沟通、理解、博爱，但却遭到自己原先效忠的组织的暗杀。宗教带给他强大的力量，他所表现出的永远是那么坚强、自信；他的言行举止永远显示出他的火一般的激情和永不言败的信念。他的生命充满了斗争与愤怒，但同时又涌动着热情与博爱。马尔科姆总能够用犀利的语言，针针见血地击中问题的要害。此篇演讲发表于1964年4月3日，此前的1964年3月，马尔科姆与极端派的黑色穆斯林组织“伊斯兰民族”决裂。此演讲发表后短短10个月的1965年2月21日，在曼哈顿奥特朋舞厅的一个报告会上，“伊斯兰民族”组织派出的三名歹徒连开15枪残忍地杀害了马尔科姆。Itll be the the ballot or itll be the bullet. Itll be liberty or itll be death. And if youre not ready to pay that price dont use the word freedom in your vocabulary.是选票还是子弹。是自由还是死亡。如果你还没有准备付出代价，那么就请不要说什么自由。【英语原文】Mr. Moderator, Reverend Cleage, Brother Lomax, brothers and sisters, and friends and I see some enemies. In fact, I think wed be fooling ourselves if we had an audience this large and didnt realize that there were some enemies present.This afternoon we want to talk about the ballot or the bullet. The ballot or the bullet explains itself. But before we get into it, since this is the year of the ballot or the bullet, I would like to clarify some things that refer to me personally - concerning my own personal position.Im still a Muslim. That is, my religion is still Islam. My religion is still Islam. I still credit Mr. Mohammed for what I know and what I am. Hes the one who opened my eyes. At present, Im the Minister of the newly founded Muslim Mosque, Incorporated which has its offices in the Teresa Hotel, right in the heart of Harlem - thats the black belt in New York city. And when we realize that Adam Clayton Powell is a Christian minister, hes the - he heads Abyssinian Baptist Church, but at the same time hes more famous for his political struggling. And Dr. King is a Christian Minister, in Atlanta or from Atlanta Georgia - or in Atlanta, Georgia, but hes become more famous for being involved in the civil rights struggle. Theres another in New York, Reverend Galamison - I dont know if youve heard of him out here hes a Christian Minister from Brooklyn, but has become famous for his fight against a segregated school system in Brooklyn. Reverend Clee, right here, is a Christian Minister, here in Detroit. Hes the head of the “Freedom Now Party.”All of these are Christian Ministers - All of these are Christian Ministers, but they dont come to us as Christian Ministers. They come to us as fighters in some other category.Im a Muslim minister - the same as they are Christian Ministers - Im a Muslim minister. And I dont believe in fighting today in any one front, but on all fronts.In fact, Im a black Nationalist Freedom Fighter.Islam is my religion, but I believe my religion is my personal business. It governs my personal life, my personal morals. And my religious philosophy is personal between me and the God in whom I believe; just as the religious philosophy of these others is between them and the God in whom they believe. And this is best this way. Were we to come out here discussing religion, wed have too many differences from the outstart and we could never get together. So today, though Islam is my religious philosophy, my political, economic, and social philosophy is Black Nationalism. You and I - As I say, if we bring up religion well have differences; well have arguments; and well never be able to get together. But if we keep our religion at home, keep our religion in the closet, keep our religion between ourselves and our God, but when we come out here, we have a fight thats common to all of us against a sic enemy who is common to all of us. The political philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that the black man should control the politics and the politicians in his own community. The - The time - The time when white people can come in our community and get us to vote for them so that they can be our political leaders and tell us what to do and what not to do is long gone.By the same token, the time when that same white man, knowing that your eyes are too far open, can send another negro into the community and get you and me to support him so he can use him to lead us astray - those days are long gone too.The political philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that if you and I are going to live in a Black community - and thats where were going to live, cause as soon as you move into one of their - soon as you move out of the Black community into their community, its mixed for a period of time, but theyre gone and youre right there all by yourself again. We must - We must understand the politics of our community and we must know what politics is supposed to produce. We must know what part politics play in our lives. And until we become politically mature we will always be mislead, lead astray, or deceived or maneuvered into supporting someone politically who doesnt have the good of our community at heart.So the political philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that we will have to carry on a program, a political program, of re-education to open our peoples eyes, make us become more politically conscious, politically mature, and then we will - whenever we get ready to cast our ballot that ballot, will be cast for a man of the community who has the good of the community of heart. The economic philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that we should own and operate and control the economy of our community. You would never found - you cant open up a black store in a white community. White men wont even patronize you. And hes not wrong. Hes got sense enough to look out for himself. You the one who dont have sense enough to look out for yourself.The white man - The white man is too intelligent to let someone else come and gain control of the economy of his community. But you will let anyone come in and take control of the economy of your community, control the housing, control the education, control the jobs, control the businesses, under the pre-text that you want to integrate. No, you outta your mind. The political, the economic philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that we have to become involved in a program of reeducation to educate our people into the importance of knowing that when you spend your dollar out of the community in which you live, the community in which you spend your money becomes richer and richer; the community out which you take your money becomes poorer and poorer.And because these Negroes, who have been mislead, misguided, are breaking their necks to take their money and spend it with The Man, The Man is becoming richer and richer, and youre becoming poorer and poorer. And then what happens? The community in which you live becomes a slum. It becomes a ghetto. The conditions become run down. And then you have the audacity to complain about poor housing in a run-down community. Why you run it down yourself when you take your dollar out. And you and I are in the double-track, because not only do we lose by taking our money someplace else and spending it, when we try and spend it in our own community were trapped because we havent had sense enough to set up stores and control the businesses of our own community. The man whos controlling the stores in our community is a man who doesnt look like we do. Hes a man who doesnt even live in the community. So you and I, even when we try to spend our money in the block where we live or the area where we live, were spending it with a man who, when the sun goes down, takes that basket full of money in another part of the town. So were trapped, trapped, double-trapped, triple -rapped. Anywhere we go we find that were trapped. And every kind of solution that someone comes up with is just another trap. But the political and economic philosophy of Black Nationalism - the economic philosophy of Black Nationalism shows our people the importance of setting up these little stores and developing them and expanding them into larger operations. Woolworth didnt start out big like they are today. They started out with a dime store and expanded and expanded and then expanded until today, theyre are all over the country and all over the world, and they get to some of everybodys money. Now this is what you and I - General Motors is same way. They didnt start out like they it is. It started out just a little rat race type operation. And it expanded and it expanded until today where it is right now. And you and I have to make a start and the best place to start is right in the community where we live. So our people not only have to be reeducated to the importance of supporting black business, but the black man himself has to be made aware of the importance of going into business. And once you and I go into business, we own and operate at least the businesses in our community. What we will be doing is developing a situation wherein we will actually be able to create employment for the people in the community. And once you can create some employment in the community where you live it will eliminate the necessity of you and me having to act ignorantly and disgracefully, boycotting and picketing some practice some place else trying to beg him for a job.Anytime you have to rely upon your enemy for a job - youre in bad shape. When you have - he is your enemy. Let me tell you, you wouldnt be in this country if some enemy hadnt kidnapped you and brought you here. On the other hand, some of you think you came here on the Mayflower.So as you can see brothers and sisters, today - this afternoon, it is not our intention to discuss religion. Were going to forget religion. If we bring up religion, well be in an argument, and the best way to keep away from arguments and differences - as I said earlier - put your religion at home - in the closet.Keep it between you and your God.Because if it hasnt done anything more for you than it has, you need to forget it anyway.Whether you are - Whether you are a Christian, or a Muslim, or a Nationalist, we all have the same problem. They dont hang you because youre a Baptist; they hang you cause youre black. They dont attack me because Im a Muslim; they attack me cause Im black. They attack all of us for the same reason; all of us catch hell from the same enemy. Were all in the same bag, in the same boat. We suffer political oppression, economic exploitation, and social degradation - all of them from the same enemy. The government has failed us; you cant deny that. Anytime you live in the twentieth century, 1964, and you walkin around here singing “We Shall Overcome,” the government has failed us.This is part of whats wrong with you - you do too much singing. Today its time to stop singing and start swinging. You cant sing up on freedom, but you can swing up on some freedom. Cassius Clay can sing, but singing didnt help him to become the heavy-weight champion of the world - swinging helped him become the heavy-weight champion. This government has failed us; the government itself has failed us, and the white liberals who have been posing as our friends have failed us.And once we see that all these other sources to which weve turned have failed, we stop turning to them and turn to ourselves. We need a self help program, a do-it-yourself philosophy, a do-it-right-now philosophy, a its-already-too- late philosophy. This is what you and I need to get with, and the only time - the only way we are going to solve our problem is with a self-help program. Before we can get a self-help program started we have to have a self-help philosophy.Black nationalism is a self-help philosophy. Whats is so good about it? You can stay right in the church where you are and still take black nationalism as your philosophy. You can stay in any kind of civic organization that you belong to and still take black nationalism as your philosophy. You can be an atheist and still take black nationalism as your philosophy. This is a philosophy that eliminates the necessity for division and argument. Cause if you are black you should be thinking black, and if you are black and you not thinking black at this late date, well Im sorry for you.Once you change your philosophy, you change your thought pattern. Once you change your thought pattern, you change your - your attitude. Once you change your attitude, it changes your behavior pattern and then you go on into some action. As long as you gotta sit-down philosophy, youll have a sit-down thought pattern, and as long as you think that old sit-down thought youll be in some kind of sit-down action. Theyll have you sitting in everywhere. Its not so good to refer to what youre going to do as a sit-in. That right there castrates you. Right there it brings you down. What - What goes with it? What - Think of the image of someone sitting. An old woman can sit. An old man can sit. A chump can sit. A coward can sit. Anything can sit. Well you and I been sitting long enough, and its time today for us to start doing some standing, and some fighting to back that up.When we look like - at other parts of this earth upon which we live, we find that black, brown, red, and yellow people in Africa and Asia are getting their independence. Theyre not getting it by singing “We Shall Overcome.” No, theyre getting it through nationalism. It is nationalism that brought about the independence of the people in Asia. Every nation in Asia gained its independence through the philosophy of nationalism. Every nation on the African continent that has gotten its independence brought it about through the philosophy of nationalism. And it will take black nationalism - that to bring about the freedom of 22 million Afro-Americans here in this country where we have suffered colonialism for the past 400 years.America is just as much a colonial power as England ever was. America is just as much a colonial power as France ever was. In fact, America is more so a colonial power than they because shes a hypocritical colonial power behind it.What is 20th - What - What do you call second class citizenship? Why, thats colonization. Second class citizenship is nothing but 20th century slavery. How you gonna tell me youre a second class citizen. They dont have second class citizenship in any other government on this earth. They just have slaves and people who are free. Well, this country is a hypocrite. They try and make you think they set you free by calling you a second class citizen. No, youre nothing but a 20th century slave.Just as it took nationalism to move - to remove colonialism from Asia and Africa, itll take black nationalism today to remove colonialism from the backs and the minds of 22 million Afro-