1、总第2 13 期2023年第8 期专题讨论摘要:山西焦化集团公司炭黑厂年生产炭黑能力8 万t,配备一台45 t/h的尾气锅炉。近年来,随着国家环保形势的日益严峻,炭黑厂对生产现场的尾气锅炉进行了外置中高温SCR脱硝反应器改造,设备改造后脱硝效率8 5%以上,根据山西锅炉大气污染物排放标准DB14/19292019执行标准,废气中氮氧化物质量浓度控制在5 0 mg/m;通过尾气锅炉改造,生产系统投入正常运行后发现存在诸多问题,如空预器列管堵塞、省煤器破损、排烟温度降低、锅炉空预器负压增大等。尾气锅炉停运后会导致整个炭黑生产系统停车,造成经济成本损失,所以只有将尾气锅炉空预器列管堵塞、省煤器列管破
2、损等问题进行彻底解决,才能利于今后炭黑生产系统长周期安全环保稳定运行。关键词:尾气锅炉;SCR脱硝;空预器;省煤器;氨水;氧含量中图分类号:TQ054文献标识码:A1工艺简介山西焦化集团炭黑厂尾气锅炉由武汉天元制造厂制造,WCG-45/3.82Q2型燃气蒸汽锅炉为 n型布置,双锅筒横置式水管结构,炉膛四周配备循环风管线,炉头配备两台低氮燃烧器,将排气风机入口前的废气抽取一小部分送至炉膛四周和低氮燃烧器进行脱硝处置。改造思路主要是在锅炉水平烟道立式过热器后留出脱硝反应器进、出口烟道位置,并在此处留有外置式SCR反应器,通过氨水喷氨降低氮氧化物,SCR反应器设有蜂窝式VizOs催化剂,脱硝后的废气
3、再进入尾部竖井,流经二级空预器、省煤器、一级空预器、排气风机,最终送人脱硫塔脱硫除尘后排入大气。2炭黑尾气特性及SCR脱硝反应机理炭黑三条生产线产生的尾气送至尾气锅炉产蒸汽使用,尾气热值较低,含氮成份高。尾气主要成分及热值见表1。表1尾气主要成分及热值1-2)名称(N,)/%(CO)(CH4)0(CO2)(H,)%热值/(kJ/m)1%1%硬质线66.63软质线66.64SCR中高温脱硝主要是将锅炉炉膛燃烧后的废气温度控制在3 2 0 3 5 0 进人脱硝反应器,通过喷氨降低氮氧化物含量,氨水质量分数为2 0%。反应方程式见式(1)式(3):4NH+4NO+024N2+6H,0,4NH3+2N
4、O2+O23N2+6H,0,8NH3+6NO27N2+12H,0.反应机理图见图1。3工艺运行情况3.1改造前、后工艺参数比对通过表2 数据可知,锅炉系统改造后,炉膛氧含收稿日期:2 0 2 2-11-0 9作者简介:闫瑞东,男,19 8 1年出生,毕业于太原科技大学,本科,工程师,从事炭黑生产工作。山西化工Shanxi Chemical Industry炭黑尾气锅炉SCR脱硝改造小结闫瑞东,刘剑,张红艳(山西焦化集团公司炭黑厂,山西洪洞0 416 0 6)文章编号:10 0 4-7 0 5 0(2 0 2 3)0 8-0 0 9 3-0 2NO.P三NOONH烟气NO.NO.烟道一图1 反应
5、机理图表2 改造前后工艺参考尾气锅炉二尾气p(NO.)/(mg/m)量人(m/h)入口出口前后前后33500269312002888.610808503.532.150270量降低,在氨水使用量减少时,氮氧化物指标可以得1%到有效控制。但长时间使用氨水,会缩短生产系统运10.220.489.830.50Total 213No.8,2023D0I:10.16525/14-1109/tq.2023.08.034催化剂NH,ONHONHONHSCR级空预器负压/Pa锅炉含氧量1%脱硝用量/氨水硝塔人脱塔压(dm/温度改造改造改造改造差/Pah)/241 1008503.51610808503.52.
6、9019.772.8620.17OOOON2OS烟道3.3-515323333.2-523483271.8-54603343 610.76行周期 3 3 611.673.2改造后锅炉系统运行工艺参数(见表3)表3 锅炉系统改造后运行参数炉膛负压器人口温级空预喷氨器人口温度氨水流量排烟温度锅炉含氧/Pa/(mg/m)度/-95138.5(1)-78(2)-41-63(3)-28-43-28-27-25器人古负一级空预/量1%压/Pa348.381.1138354.3152.2357.8149.3333.3144.1341.2136.3336136.7338.3132.2344.3134320.7
7、167.378.7165.974.1185.774.9187.756.7171.765.9164.872.6163.975163.844.51433.43.33.24.13.93.84.14.03.1-1774-1 848-1900-1895-1 878-1 784-1738-1 964-1260山西化工第43 卷通过对表3 数据分析可知,炉膛负压和一级空预器人口负压下降,氨水用量降低,排烟温度降低,可判断一级空预器入口列管堵塞。4工艺系统改造后运行中存在的问题4.1运行中发现的问题生产系统运行初期,为了更好地脱硝,操作人员喷氨水量较大,导致生产系统运行周期缩短至一个月,通过检修发现一级空预器
8、列管堵塞、省煤器列管腐蚀泄漏问题严重。4.2生产运行情况分析及空预器堵塞情况工艺运行DCS图(图2)一级空预器堵塞情况省煤器列管间凝结成的块状物。通过图3、图4可以看出,工艺系统运行周期短,一级空预器列管堵塞。通过对堵塞物进行化验分析,得出结论为pH值小于2,硫酸根的质量分数达5 1%,同时经与炭黑同行业沟通,得出结论为该堵塞物为硫酸铵和硫酸氢铵,硫酸铵属于强酸,在2 0 0 以上分解;硫酸氢氨属于弱酸,为NH3与SO3反应生成的高黏度物质,与锅炉飞灰混合后,在15 0 2 0 0 极易吸附并黏结在空预器列管上造成堵塞。尾气锅炉燃烧系统化物的控制,原理为锅炉炉膛在不完全燃烧的情况下产生一氧化碳
9、还原剂,而一氧化碳还原剂可以代替氨水进行脱硝。方程式见式(4):2NO+2CON2+2CO2.定期对省煤器和一级空预器进行清理,周期为2个月。增加低氮循环效率,降低脱硝反应器人口氮氧化物质量浓度,控制在2 40 2 6 0 mg/m;控制锅炉氧含量,可以有效调节SCR反应器出口氮氧化物质量浓度在 5 0 mg/m。6注意事项反应器布置在高含烟尘阶段,锅炉炉膛燃烧的尾气中含有灰尘、部分滤袋破损后的炭黑粉尘,颗粒物对催化剂冲蚀和沉积比较严重,会引起催化剂空隙堵塞现象,甚至会引起催化剂中毒,使催化剂活性降低,所以,必须定时开启吹灰器进行喷吹。氨逃逸必须控制在3 10-(质量分数),因为过量的氨气会与
10、烟气中的SO,形成硫酸铵和硫酸氢铵,硫酸氢铵沉积温度在15 0 2 0 0,黏度较大,加剧了空预器列管的堵塞和腐蚀,影响生产系统的正常运行。加强监控省煤器出口温度,一旦省煤器列管泄漏,温度会快速降低。省煤器蛇形管相关图片见图5 图7。(4)图2 工艺运行DCS图图5 省煤器列管图6 安装后的省煤器图3 一级空预器堵塞情况图7 使用两个月后的省煤器7进一步设备改造设计通过尾气锅炉脱硝改造运行情况来看,决定从以下几方面进行改造,便于炭黑生产系统长周期安全环保稳定运行。1)空预器列管表面采用塘瓷表面设计,可以隔离图4省煤器列管间凝结成的块状物5采取相关措施通过相关资料 4-5 查询和同行业进行深人交
11、流,为确保生产系统正常运行,采取以下措施:通过减少喷氨量和控制锅炉炉膛负压进行氮氧腐蚀物与金属接触,其表面光滑,易于清洗;另一方面是塘瓷层稳定性好,耐磨损,使用寿命长。2)在二级空预器出口至锅炉炉膛烟道上联结一(下转第9 7 页2023年第8 期王颖丹:制氮工艺流程的优化及效果评测97Optimization and Effectiveness Evaluation of Nitrogen Production Process FlowWang Yingdan(Jinneng Holdings Coal Industry Group Dadougou Coal Industry Company
12、,Datong Shanxi 037000,China)Abstract:In order to further improve the yield,purity,and recovery rate of nitrogen produced by the pressure swing adsorption separationair nitrogen production technology,based on a brief overview of the working principle and process flow of the pressure swing adsorptions
13、eparation air nitrogen production technology,experimental devices were designed with the gas source system and pressure swing adsorptionseparation system as the core,and the selection of equipment at all levels was completed.Based on the problems existing in theconventional pressure equalization pro
14、cess in practical production,it was optimized into a new central asymmetric process flow,and theoptimization effect was evaluated using the above experimental device.Key words:pressure swing adsorption separation of air for nitrogen production;adsorption tower;adsorbent;new asymmetric centralpressur
15、e equalization process;productivity(上接第8 4页)Exploration and Practice of Alkali Dosing Revamping of Caprolactam Monomer UnitWang Mingbin(Shanxi Lubao Xinghai New Materials Co.,Ltd.,Changzhi Shanxi 047500,China)Abstract:This paper introduces the problems existing in the monomer unit of the Lactam prod
16、uction unit of Shanxi Lubao Xinghai NewMaterial Co.,Ltd.since it was put into operation,such as the high conductivity of the incoming and outgoing resin,frequent blockage of thebenzene rectifying tower heater,and short regeneration period of the outgoing resin,and organizes technical personnel to ca
17、rry out technicaltransformation.The modification has reduced the conductivity of the water entering the resin,extended the service life of the resin andhydrogenation catalyst,and achieved certain economic and social benefits.Key words:lactam;alkali addition;renovation;exploration and practice(上接第9 4
18、页)根DN80的热风管线,引至锅炉鼓风机人口,提高风量温度控制在10 0 以上左右,抑制硫酸氢铵的形成。3)优化工艺操作,将炉膛氧含量由原先的3%5%控制在1%左右,遇系统波动或其他特殊情况,可以适当少量喷入氨水降低脱硝反应器出口氮氧化物。4)加强SCR反应器和一级空预器的定期吹灰,对易堵低温区(一级空预器)增设蒸汽喷吹装置,减缓管线堵塞风险。5)控制循环风机风量,将循环风机风量与送风机风量进行比较,生产系统稳定时按比例进行供风,将脱硝反应器人口氮氧化物质量浓度控制在2 40 mg/m。Summary of SCR Denitration Transformation for Carbon B
19、lack Tail Gas Boiler(Carbon Black Plant of Shanxi Coking Group Co.,Ltd.,Hongtong Shanxi 041606,China)Abstract:The carbon black plant of Shanxi Coking Group Company has an annual production capacity of 80 000 tons of carbon black,equipped with a 45 t/h tail gas boiler.In recent years,with the increas
20、ingly severe national environmental protection situation,carbon blackfactories have carried out external medium and high temperature SCR denitrification reactor renovations on the tail gas boilers on theproduction site.After the equipment renovation,the denitrification efficiency is 85%.According to
21、 the Shanxi Boiler Air PollutantEmission Standard DB 14/1929-2019 executive standard,the mass concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas is controlled at 50 mg/m.After the transformation of the tail gas boiler and the normal operation of the production system,it was found that there wereman
22、y problems,such as blockage of the air preheater tube,damage to the economizer,decrease in exhaust gas temperature,and increase innegative pressure of the boiler air preheater.After the shutdown of the tail gas boiler,it will lead to the shutdown of the entire carbon blackproduction system,causing e
23、conomic cost losses.Therefore,only by thoroughly solving the problems such as blockage of the air preheatertubes and damage to the economizer tubes of the tail gas boiler can it be conducive to the long-term safe,environmentally friendly andstable operation of the carbon black production system in t
24、he future.Key words:tail gas boiler;SCR denitrification;air preheater;economizer;ammonia water;oxygen content6)将省煤器材质由2 0#碳钢变更为0 9 crcusb络铜锑钢,同时对省煤器列管间距进行拓宽,避免硫酸铵物质黏附在管壁上腐蚀管道。参考文献1】姜朝晖.SCR烟气脱硝技术在电厂中的应用 J.江苏科技信息,2013(10):46-49.2张盖兴.SNCR-SCR烟气脱硝技术及其应用分析 J.节能与环保,2021,12(10):56-57.3 孙伟晋.SCR技术中催化剂活性特性研究 D.保定:华北电力大学,2 0 15.4徐妍.李文彦.SCR脱硝反应器导流板的结构设计 J.热力发电,2008,37(10):4952.5 张炳炎.炭黑生产与应用手册 M.北京:化学工业出版社.Yan Ruidong,Liu Jian,Zhang Hongyan