资源描述
Chapter1
Introduction to social work and social welfare
Chapter2
Social work values and ethics
Chapter3
Empowerment and human diversity
Chapter4
The process of generalist practice
Chapter5
Practice settings
Chapter6
An overview of social welfare and social work history
Chapter7
Policy and policy advocacy
Chapter8
Poverty problems
Chapter9
Social work and social services for children and families
Chapter10
Social work and social services for older adults
Chapter11
Social work and social services for people with disabilities
Chapter12
Social work and social services in health care
Chapter13
Social work and social services in mental health
Chapter14
Social work and substance use, abuse, and dependence
Chapter15
Social work and social services for youth and in the schools
Chapter16
Social work and social services in the criminal justice system
Chapter1
Introduction to social work and social welfare
Case A
Keywords: adopt, family service, paperwork, family life planning
Case B:
Keywords: group session and group work; mental health; self-help group; mutual-help group
Case C:
Keywords: Sexual Assault, match, funding-raising
What is Social work?
Social work is the professional activity of help individuals, groups, or communities enhance or restore their capacity for social functioning and creating societal conditions favorable to this goal. Social work practice consists of the professional application of social work values, principles, and techniques to one or more of the following ends:
Helping people obtain tangible services
Providing counseling and psychotherapy with individuals, families and groups.
Helping communities or groups provide or improve social and health services
Participating in relevant legislative processes
Five themes:
Social work concerns helping individuals, groups, or communities.
Social work entails a solid foundation of values and principles.
A firm basis of techniques and skills provides directions.
Social works need to link people to recourses or advocate for service development for clients.
Social workers participate legislative process to promote positive social changes.
What is social welfare?
Social welfare is a nation's system of programs, benefits, and services that help people meet those social, economic, educational, and health needs that are fundamental to the maintenance of society.
Two Dimensions:
What people get from society (programs, benefits and services?)
How well their needs (social, economic, educational, and health) are being met
How are social welfare and social work related?
Debates on social welfare:
Individual responsibility: you get you deserve
Society responsibility
Who should assume responsibility for people's social welfare?
Residual, institutional, and developmental perspectives on social welfare.
1. Residual Model
Social welfare benefit and service should be supplied only when people fail to provide adequately for themselves.
Blame the victim (fault and failure)
For instance: social assistance
Families in need receive limited and temporary financial assistance until they can get back on their feet.
2. Institutional model
People have a right to get benefit and service.
For instance: public education, fire and police protection
Every one can get these services.
3. Developmental model
This approach seeks to identify social interventions that have a positive impact on economic development.
(1) Invest in education, nutrition and health care
(2) In vest in physical facilities
(3) help people in need engage in productive employment and self-employment.
Political ideology: conservatives, liberalism and radicalism
Conservatism is the philosophy that individuals are responsible for themselves, government should provide minimal interference in people's lives, and change is generally unnecessary.
Liberalism is the philosophy that government should be involved in the social, political and economic structure so that all people's rights and privileges are protected in the name of social justice.
Radicalism is the philosophy that the social and political system as it stands is not structurally capable of truly providing social justice. The fundamental changes are necessary in the basic social and political structure to achieve truly fair and equal treatment.
Fields of practice in social work
n Work with people in needs (children, youth, old people, the disable etc.)
n Work with some occupation
The continuum of social work careers
n Degree in social work
BSW: prepare for the entry-level social work
MSW: receive more specialized training
DSW: teach at the college level or conduct research
Social work builds on many disciplines
n psychology
n sociology
n political science
n economics
n biology
n psychiatry
n council
n cultural anthropology
n social work
Social workers demonstrate competencies
n Competencies are measurable practice behaviors that are comprised of sufficient knowledge, skills, and values" and have the goal of practicing effective social work.
Competency 1: identification as a professional social worker
Competency 2: the application of social work ethical principles to guide practice
Competency 3: the application of critical thinking to inform professional judgments
Competency 4: engagement of diversity in practice
Competency 5: the advancement of human rights and social economic justice.
Competency 6: engagement in research-informed practice
Evidence-based practice
Competency 7: application of knowledge of human behavior and the social environment
Competency 8: engagement in policy proactive to advance social and economic well-being
Competency 9: responsiveness to contexts that shape practice
Competency 10: engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation with individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities.
Chapter 2 social work values and ethics
1. Value and ethics
Social worker is value-based profession.
What is value?
Value involves what you do and do not consider important and worthwhile, and also involve judgments and decisions about relative worth.
What is Ethics?
Ethics involve principles that specify what is good and what is bad. They clarify what should and should not be done
• Difference between value and ethics:
Value determine what beliefs are appropriate. Ethics address what to do with or how to apply those beliefs to do the right thing.
The importance of ethics
2. Value and ethics for social workers
Six core values for social workers:
(1) Service
(2) Social justice
(3) Dignity and worth of the person
(4) Importance of human relationships
(5) Integrity
(6) Competence
Social workers' ethical responsibilities to clients:
(1) Self-determination
Practitioners should nurture and support client self-extermination ：each individual's right to make his or her own decisions.
(2)Privacy and confidentiality
(3) Conflict of interest and Dual relationships
The clients' best interests must be protected to the maximum extent possible.
(4) Sexual relationship
Social workers’ Ethical responsibilities to colleagues
(1) Respect
(2) Referral for services
Social Workers’ Ethical responsibilities in Practice settings
Social workers' ethical responsibilities as professionals
• competence
• against discrimination
• honest
• not solicit clients for the purpose of personal gains
Social workers' ethical responsibilities to the social work profession.
Integrity
Research
Evaluation
Social workers' ethical responsibilities to the broader society
(1) Advocate for people's welfare
(2) Ensure fair and equal access to resources and opportunities.
(3) Respect cultural diversity.
(4) Prevent discrimination against or exploiting people
Translation exercises
• Social workers must uphold client privacy and confidentiality. Privacy is the condition of being free from unauthorized observation or intrusion. We have established that confidentiality is the ethical principle that workers should not share information provided by a client or about a client unless they have the client's explicit permission to do so. There is more to confidentiality than may be immediately apparent. Confidentiality means more that not revealing information about clients to others. It also involves not asking for more information than is necessary, as well as informing clients about the limitations of confidentiality within the agency setting.
Chapter 3 Empowerment and Human Diversity
Stereotype!
• Women are too emotional to make good supervisors
• Elderly people can't think well.
• Gay and lesbian people really want to be opposite gender.
• People with physical disabilities are unemployable.
Discrimination, oppression, marginalization, alienation, stereotypes, and prejudice
• Discrimination is the act of treating people differently based on the fact that they belong to some group rather than on merit.
• Oppression involves putting extreme limitations and constraints on some person, group, or larger system.
• Marginalization is the condition of having less power and being viewed as less important than others in the society because of belonging to some group or having some characteristic.
• Alienation, related to marginalization, is the feeling that you don't fit in or aren't treated as well as others in the mainstream of society.
• A stereotype is a fixed mental picture of member of some specified group based on some attribute or attributes that reflect an overly simplified view of that group, without consideration or appreciation of individual differences.
• Prejudice is an opinion or prejudgment about an individual, group, or issue that is not based on fact.
• A major social work value involves the importance of people being treated fairly and equally.
Populations-at-risk and social economic justice
• Diversity emphasizes the similarity and dissimilarity between numerous groups in society that have distinguishing characteristics.
• Populations-at-risk are people at greater risk of deprivation and unfair treatment because they share some identifiable characteristic that places them in diverse group.
• Factors: gender, age, religion, culture, disability, class, immigration status
Social and economic justice
Empowerment and a Strengths perspective
Empowerment is the process of increasing personal, interpersonal, or political power so that individuals can take action to improve their life situations.
• A strengths perspective:
1. Every individual, group, family and community has strengths.
2. Trauma and abuse, illness and struggle may be injurious but they may also be sources of challenge and opportunity.
3. Social workers should assume that they do not know the upper limits of the capacity to grow and change and take individual, group, and community aspirations seriously.
4. Social workers best serve clients by collaborating with when.
5. Every environment is full of resources.
Resiliency: seeking strength amid adversity
The ability of an individual, family, group, community, or organization to recover from adversity and resume functioning even when suffering serious trouble, confusion, or hardship.
Resiliency involves two dimensions: risk factors and protective factors.
Risk factors involve stressful life events or adverse environmental conditions that increase the vulnerability of individuals or other systems.
Protective factors involve buffer, moderate, and protect against those vulnerabilities.
Human Diversity
• Race and Ethnicity
Race implies a greater genetic determinant, whereas ethnicity often relates to cultural or national heritage.
• Culture and cultural competence
Culture is the sum total of life patterns passed on from generation to generation within a group of people and includes institutions, language, religious ideals, habits of thinking, and patterns of social and interpersonal relationships.
Social workers need to have cultural competence to address the cultural needs of individuals, families, groups, and communities.
National Origin and immigration status
Four experiences which newcomer faced:
Social isolation
Cultural shock
Cultural change
Goal-striving
• class or social class
• political ideology
• gender, gender identity, and gender expression
• Sexual orientation
Homosexual or heterosexual (bisexual)
Age
Disability
Religion and spirituality
Chapter 4: Generalist practice
Concepts in the definition of generalist practice
1. Acquiring an eclectic knowledge base
A. systems theory
B. ecological perspective
C. Curriculum content areas
1) Values and ethics
2) Diversity
3) populations-at-risk and social and economic justice
4) Human behavior and the social environment
5) Social welfare policy and services
6) Social work practice
7) Research
8) Field education
D. Fields of practice
2. Emphasizing client empowerment
3. Using professional values
A. social works code of ethics
B. application of professional values to solve ethical dilemma
4. Applying a wide range of skills
A. micro
B. mezzo
C. macro
5. Targeting any size system
A. micro
B. mezzo
C. Marco
6. Working in an organizational structure
7. Using supervision appropriately
8. Assuming a wide range of professional roles
9. Following the principles of evidence-based practice
10. Employing critical thinking skills
11. Using a planned-change process
A. engagement
B. assessment
C. planning
D. implementation
E. evaluation
F. termination
G. follow-up
Working in an organizational structure under supervision
• What is organizational structure?
Organizational structure is the formal or informal manner in which tasks and responsibilities, lines of authority, channels of communication, and dimensions of power are established and coordinated within an organization.
• What is supervision?
Supervision is the process by which a designated supervisor watches over a workers’ performance.
A wide range of roles
• counselor
• educator
• broker
• case manager
• mobilizer
• mediator
• facilitator
• advocate
• supervisors
• managers
3 skills (technical, people and conceptual)
Evidence-based practice
Evidence-based practice is a process in which practitioners make practice decisions in light of the best research evidence available.
Tools, models, methods and policies must be validated by research and consequence evaluation also should use scientific research methods
Critical thinking skills
Avoiding the fallacy trap
1. Relying on case examples
2. being vague
3. Being biased or not objective
4. Believing that if it’s written down it must be right
• asking questions
• assessing fact
• asserting a conclusion
Planned-change process
• Planned change and problem-solving
Step1 engagement
Step2 assessment
Step3 planning
Step4 implementation
Step
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