一般过去式的归纳.doc

一 般 过 去 式
规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成，具体变化有：
1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如: milk—milked, watch—watched, visit—visited, pull—pulled ,water—watered
2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如：taste—tasted, live—lived, use—used, move—moved
3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop—stopped, plan—planned
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：study—studied, carry—carried
不规则动词的过去式见课本后的不规则动词表。大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法：
1. 以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：put—put, let—let
2. 以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如：build—built, spend—spent
3. 以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：learn—learnt
4. 以ow / aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。如：blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew
5. 含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt
6. 含有元音字母o / i的词，将o / i变成a。如：sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank
规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音：
1. 在清辅音后读作[t]。如：asked, helped, watched, stopped
2. 在浊辅音和元音后读作[d]。如：enjoyed, studied, moved, called
3. 在t / d后读作[id]。如：wanted, needed
一般过去时定义
1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.
---She ate three apples yesterday
2.表示过去经常或过去反复发生的动作
--(也可与often,always等频度的时间状语连用)
---He always got up very early when he was young.
谓语形式:
(1)did(动词的过去式)
She was a student two years ago.
They were students two years ago
She ate three apples yesterday
I did my homework promptly
(2)was(were)+done(过去时的被动语态)
The picture was painted two years ago
句子结构:
(1)
肯定句: 主语＋be动词(was，were)＋其他
---She was a student two years ago
否定句: 主语＋be not(was not, were not)＋其他
---She was not a student two years ago
疑问句: Be动词(Was/Were)＋主语＋其他
---Was she a student two years ago?
(2)
肯定句: 主语＋动词的过去式＋其他
---She ate three apples yesterday.
否定句: 主语＋did not＋动词原型＋其他
---She did not eat three apples yesterday
疑问句: Did＋主语＋动词原型＋其他
---Did she eat three apples yesterday?
注意:
wasn't 是 was not 的缩写.
weren't 是 were not 的缩写.
didn't 是did not 的缩写.
常用的时间状语:
yesterday昨天,two days ago,three days ago(两年前,三年前)等等.
long ago很久以前
last + week(year, night, month…)上一周,去年,昨晚,上个月等等.
in 1989,in 2008等等.
a moment ago 刚才,just now 刚才.
when he was young 当他年轻的时候