工程水文课程设计指导书.doc

河海大学文天学院水务2011级 工程水文学课程设计指导书河海大学文天学院水利工程系2013年12月1 课设目地与任务1.1 目的在系统学习工程水文学所涉及的理论与方法的基础上，通过课程设计，提高学生综合应用工程水文学及水资源专业知识的能力；使学生能应用工程水文学中有关的理论与方法解决实际问题。在课程设计阶段注重自己独立工作能力、分析问题和解决问题能力的培养。1.2 任务根据所给流域不同时期实测流量和径流量资料，每个同学分别对不同时期（分为前汛期、后汛期和全讯期）的洪水洪峰、洪量(1d、3d、5d、7d、10d)进行频率计算；绘制频率曲线；推求不同时期各种频率的设计洪水过程。2 技术路线1993年发布并实施的水利水电工程设计洪水计算规范规定：“凡具有30年以上实测和插补延长洪水流量，并有历史调查洪水时，应采用频率分析法计算设计洪水。选用的课程设计流域从1959-2004年共有实测和插补延长洪水资料46年，并具有历史调查洪水资料，采用实测流量法推求设计洪水满足规范要求。2.1 设计洪峰流量计算1、经验频率计算根据给定的不同时期的洪峰流量资料进行频率计算，推求指定频率的设计洪峰流量。频率曲线的线型采用规范规定的皮尔逊（）型。将不同时期的洪水流量资料系列由大到小排列，采用数学期望公式（1）、（2）式计算经验频率；计算时历史洪水资料与实测洪水资料应分开处理。 M=1，a （1） m=l+1，n （2）式中，a为历史洪水和特大值洪水的个数；l为实测系列中特大值洪水个数；n为实测样本长度；N为历史洪水或特大值洪水的历史调查期长度，本次计算的历史调查期长度为18242004年，共181年。2、参数估计方法皮尔逊（）型线型包含三个参数，分别是均值、离均系数和偏态系数。参数的估计方法为：先用矩法初估参数，以洪峰流量为例，计算公式见34式；再用目估适线法，最终确定参数；通常由地区上的比值确定，；此次课设每个同学取值不同，取值详见课设分组。 （3） (4)3、设计值计算方法相应频率的设计值计算公式为： (5)式中，为相应频率P的流量设计值，；为实测流量系列均值，；为皮尔逊（）型曲线分布的离均系数。4、绘图在海森机率格纸上点绘经验点据，见图例2-1。图 例2-15、目估适线以矩法计算的均值、离均系数和偏态系数为适线的初值。由（5）式可计算出不同频率的设计值，见表例2-1。例表2-1 不同频率洪峰流量设计值计算成果表频率（0.010.11251020507580将例表2-1中不同频率计算结果点绘在绘有经验点据的图上（见图例2-1），观察与经验点据配合的情况，若不理想，则修改参数(主要调整以及),再次进行计算。最后根据频率曲线与经验点据的配合情况选定最终的频率曲线；相应于该曲线的参数便看作是总体参数的估值；该曲线上指定频率的设计值便是所要求的设计洪峰流量。2.2 设计洪量计算设计洪量计算步骤与设计洪峰计算步骤完全相同，在此不再赘述。所不同的是，绘图时，应将不同频率计算的、绘在同一海森纸上，以便比较分析，见图例2-2。图 例2-2通过上述计算，即可得到不同时期、不同频率洪峰流量和洪量的设计值，见例表2-2。例表2-2 不同频率最大洪峰、洪量频率计算成果表特 征 值Qm(m3/s)W1d(108m3)W3d(108m3)W5d(108m3)W7d(108m3)W10d(108m3)EXCvCs /Cv 频率0.01%+0.01%0.1%1%2%5%10%注：表中0.01%+为QP+20%QP(P=0.01%)或WtP+20%WtP(P=0.01%)相应的频率。2.3 设计洪水过程推求1、放大倍比计算（6）本次课程设计前汛期选1994年实测洪水过程作为典型洪水过程QD（t），后汛期选1997年实测洪水过程作为典型洪水过程QD（t），全汛期和1996年实测洪水过程作为典型洪水过程QD（t）（见基本资料中的表3-53-7）。放大倍比计算公式为：式中，KQ 为洪峰的放大倍比；K1为1d洪量的放大倍比；K3-1为3d洪量减1d洪量的放大倍比；K5-3 为5d洪量减3d洪量的放大倍比；K7-5 为7d洪量减5d洪量的放大倍比；K10-7为10d洪量减7d洪量的放大倍比；QP 为频率P相应的设计洪峰流量值（m3/s）；QD 为典型洪水的洪峰流量值（m3/s）；Wt,P 为频率P相应的t时段洪量值（108m3）；Wt,D 为典型洪水的t时段洪量值（108m3）。2、不同频率设计洪水过程计算根据给定的典型洪水特征值（见基本资料中的表3-4），用上述公式即可算出放大倍比；根据计算出的放大倍比，对典型洪水过程QD（t）采用同频率放大法进行放大，即得相应频率P的设计洪水过程（参阅讲义210-213的算例）；在典型过程线放大过程中，由于在两种历时衔接处放大倍比不同，因而放大后在交界处可能产生不连续现象，此时应酌情修匀，使其成为光滑曲线。3、绘图根据计算出的不同频率的设计洪水过程绘图（注意：不是等时距），见图例2-3。图 例2-33 基本资料课程设计采用流域集水面积为608km2。设计多年平均降雨量为1870mm，实测多年平均降雨量为2165.7mm；设计多年平均流量为33.4m3/s,相应水量为10.5108m3。3.1 不同时期洪水洪峰与洪量资料经插补和一致性修正后，不同时期洪水的洪峰与洪量资料系列分别见表3-13-3。表中：Q 为洪峰流量（m3/s），Wt为t时段洪量（108m3）。表3-1 设计流域前汛期最大洪峰、洪量系列表年份Q（m3/s）W1d（108m3）W3d（108m3）W5d（108m3）W7d（108m3）W10d（108m3）182441561.19901.55602.14202.53203.4510193127400.85901.25801.71702.04102.7370195915030.34310.76411.13581.37681.773619609540.30340.49520.69060.80171.025719615960.23360.66561.04031.29311.609019625420.20130.58040.87281.21231.557619634060.11760.28290.37280.44250.528519645370.20570.56500.90661.25561.677319654370.12340.24190.36260.48010.662019666270.26960.73911.09031.26081.504719674880.17490.36290.56580.67910.803619687640.27850.77881.24161.52381.7783196910930.24020.41460.57360.67950.816519705220.23120.53510.73740.90961.123419715480.20730.44830.55320.69680.8830197215700.68571.06961.26351.44891.6602197322940.55920.86961.00471.09871.472319748640.34960.47180.64480.80261.058719757280.31120.63570.82531.01111.533519768410.33500.57300.72460.89481.026019776610.19870.36380.48400.61690.869119786810.22110.45200.63380.78991.022119794860.14690.35870.49720.63210.809919808530.31550.51730.68780.85231.058719817840.35590.71170.86561.05771.1135198219450.79461.46801.71801.85602.0208198315380.51800.92211.33401.61501.826419846310.22440.47330.69550.86120.929319854850.17240.37660.48650.61980.740419864000.12480.28310.36160.47550.632919873310.16110.36220.50490.64100.820019886150.30540.44270.51570.65350.678219894490.17560.33810.45780.58660.758519905570.12360.25120.32730.43590.646819914780.14860.29440.40700.52790.5876199210500.30560.65520.91931.11971.4206199313700.44150.73300.87851.07261.3076199422200.66691.59052.24242.58483.013919958340.19580.44060.56580.71140.8994199629600.29520.45920.55850.63150.7592199716970.25800.51060.71610.88501.0956199812960.47130.96791.46581.96542.403919994850.21400.40700.54100.68270.867120004380.17500.27700.38000.49680.656920015590.24200.39800.54500.68730.872320023810.12470.29400.44980.57740.748020035180.28700.41800.48900.62270.799220043450.16700.31200.43400.55910.7274表3-2 设计流域后汛期最大洪峰、洪量系列表年份Q（m3/s）W1d（108m3）W3d（108m3）W5d（108m3）W7d（108m3）W10d（108m3）191526500.74001.31801.81902.41502.9070193530100.79201.4430无无无19594380.09180.20420.27540.33000.500919606020.17630.43640.54570.74340.871919616050.22920.58410.77980.95151.368819624750.23580.66271.05581.39961.828719632610.03970.08590.12930.16910.220419645590.19620.42590.49760.57390.765019653000.07860.19370.27010.31240.362819663160.11390.31810.47680.59280.736219673110.08740.16990.22220.31830.416319685830.22630.55100.70380.82100.973719694080.17170.39390.50320.59510.707719705950.16580.34480.46900.58490.768319716500.19210.31320.39020.47810.626719723010.08130.20870.28120.33040.4308197315920.52410.75960.92061.19701.579919744810.15900.31930.39780.48840.640319753680.14670.36020.49410.61890.813419763490.11020.30650.40020.49170.644719775860.20900.35840.43130.53380.700519782690.05930.12640.16640.17480.224519794320.07940.20740.31330.37390.537019809340.17960.29150.39020.47810.626719815820.19070.29980.40090.49260.645919825130.19110.34970.51240.64370.846319832690.04980.10380.15240.15580.199319842680.04170.09400.14030.14330.177619856750.25910.37830.43550.53950.7081198617100.39290.70350.80111.03501.365119876030.16500.45550.55420.70041.128519883780.09690.25690.34300.41410.541919895990.17800.33680.42210.52140.610919903400.09980.14660.17480.18620.239619916390.09340.18970.26510.30860.401919929570.29280.57150.71750.84791.214919938130.21920.32110.39380.48300.6332199419300.52030.90661.10631.44871.9137199528300.28210.50660.59290.75290.9510199618840.26690.45400.57220.72480.9230199718170.38180.80101.15531.61232.128319982800.07630.20200.32410.38850.507919993940.20770.34210.41710.51460.675020002570.11000.23400.34300.41410.5419200110300.53900.80500.92501.20301.587820027790.32530.71050.95541.24421.642520032020.04350.10650.15640.16120.206520041110.05280.11860.18980.20650.2665表3-3 设计流域全汛期最大洪峰、洪量系列表年份Q（m3/s）W1d（108m3）W3d（108m3）W5d（108m3）W7d（108m3）W10d（108m3）182441561.19901.55602.14202.53203.4510191526500.74001.31801.81902.41502.9070193127400.85901.25801.71702.04102.7370193530100.79201.4430无无无195915030.34310.76411.13581.37681.773619609540.30340.49520.69060.80171.025719616050.23360.66561.04031.29311.609019625420.23580.66271.05581.39961.828719634060.11760.28290.37280.44250.528519645590.20570.56500.90661.25561.677319654370.12340.24190.36260.48010.662019666270.26960.73911.09031.26081.504719674880.17490.36290.56580.67910.803619687640.27850.77881.24161.52381.7783196910930.24020.41460.57360.67950.816519705950.23120.53510.73740.90961.123419716500.20730.44830.55320.69680.8830197215700.68571.06961.26351.44891.6602197322940.55920.86961.00471.19701.579919748640.34960.47180.64480.80261.058719757280.31120.63570.82531.01111.533519768410.33500.57300.72460.89481.026019776610.20900.36380.48400.61690.869119786810.22110.45200.63380.78991.022119794860.14690.35870.49720.63210.809919809340.31550.51730.68780.85231.058719817840.35590.71170.86561.05771.1135198219450.79461.46801.71801.85602.0208198315380.51800.92211.33401.61501.826419846310.22440.47330.69550.86120.929319856750.25910.37830.48650.61980.7404198617100.39290.70350.80111.03501.365119876030.16500.45550.55420.70041.128519886150.30540.44270.51570.65350.678219895990.17800.33810.45780.58660.758519905570.12360.25120.32730.43590.646819916390.14860.29440.40700.52790.5876199210500.30560.65520.91931.11971.4206199313700.44150.73300.87851.07261.3076199422200.66691.59052.24242.58483.0139199528300.28210.50660.59290.75290.9510199629600.29520.45920.57220.72480.9230199718170.38180.80101.15531.61232.1283199812960.47130.96791.46581.96542.403919994850.21400.40700.54100.68270.867120004380.17500.27700.38000.49680.6569200110300.53900.80500.92501.20301.587820027790.32530.71050.95541.24421.642520035180.28700.41800.48900.62270.799220043450.16700.31200.43400.55910.72743.2 典型洪水过程特征资料 1994、1996、1997年典型洪水过程线特征资料见表3-4.表3-4 典 型 洪 水 过 程 线 特 征 值 表年 份Q（m3/s）W1d（108m3）W3d（108m3）W5d（108m3）W7d（108m3）W10d（108m3）199410390.66691.59052.24242.58483.013919969640.29520.45920.55850.63150.759219979490.38180.80101.15531.61232.12833.3 典型洪水过程资料 1994、1996、1997年典型洪水过程表3-53-7.表3-5 1994年典型设计洪水过程典 型 洪 水设 计 洪 水（m3/s）年 月 日时Q0.01%+0.01%0.1%1%2%5%101994-6-1101694243542832121891601361994-6-1121694243542832121891601361994-6-1181694243542832121891601361994-6-11141694243542832121891601361994-6-11201694253542872181961671441994-6-1221694253542872181961671441994-6-1281293252712191661501281101994-6-12142897276064913723362862461994-6-12201664183482822141931641421994-6-1322434033362651931711421191994-6-1383505804843822782472041721994-6-13143465744783772752442021701994-6-13202574263552802041811501261994-6-1422333863222541851641361141994-6-1433926505424283112772281921994-6-14465010788987095164593793191994-6-14561410188496704884333583011994-6-1469361552129410217446605464591994-6-147753124910418215985314393701994-6-1485118477065574063612982511994-6-1493686105094012922602151811994-6-14106607796505334123723202781994-6-14116107206004933803442962571994-6-14125326285244303323002582241994-6-14134245014173422642392061791994-6-14143183763132571981791541341994-6-14156377526275153973593092681994-6-14168019467886475004523893371994-6-14175997075904843743382912521994-6-14186908156795574303893352911994-6-14196657856545374153753232801994-6-14203494123432822181971691471994-6-14212963502912391851671441251994-6-14222763262722231721561341161994-6-14235756795664643593242792421994-6-1505696725604603553212762401994-6-1514194954123382612362031761994-6-1522442882401971521381181031994-6-1532563022522071601441241081994-6-1541671971641351049481701994-6-1553894593833142432191891641994-6-1566197316095003863493002611994-6-1577068346955704403983422971994-6-15889810618847255605074363781994-6-1596157266054973843472982591994-6-15105286245204263292982562221994-6-15118399918266785234734073531994-6-15126868106755544283873332891994-6-15138289788156695164674023491994-6-15146978236865634353933382941994-6-15156577766475314103713192771994-6-15167879297756364914443823311994-6-15178299798166705174684023491994-6-151897011469557836055474714091994-6-15196457626355214023643132721994-6-15204074814013292542301971711994-6-15213123683072521951761511311994-6-15223033582982451891711471281994-6-15236928176815594323903362911994-6-1605336295254313323012592241994-6-1612643122602131651491281111994-6-1622613082572111631471271101994-6-1632422862381951511371171021994-6-1644975874894013102802412091994-6-1655726765634623573232772411994-6-1664224984153412632382051781994-6-1672763262722231721561341161994-6-16818421718114911510489781994-6-1693203783152582001811551351994-6-16107842426202215321