主谓一致知识精讲.doc

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2018届高考英语主谓一致──知识精讲
高考关于主谓一致的考查主要在语法一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近一致原则三个方面。
一、语法一致原则
1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Though my father (work) on the farm, what he says _______ (prove) important.
To study English well (be) not easy.
Reading in the sun _______ (be) bad for your eyes.
2. 由连接词and或both...and连接起来的主语后面，要用谓语动词的复数形式。
Both the boy and the girl (be) surprised when they heard the news.
3. either, neither, each, every+单数名词 和由some, any, no, every构成的不定代词，都看作单数。
Each of us （have）a new book.
Everything around us ____ (be) matter.
4. 在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。
5. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，谓语动词用单数；如果指集体中的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这类词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience, public, class, team, group等。
Class Four （be ）on the third floor. 四班在三楼。
Class Four (be) unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意：people, police, cattle, youth等名词一般都用作复数。
The police (be) looking for the lost child.
6. 由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of/the majority of＋名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数＋名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
There (be) a lot of people in the classroom.
The rest of the lecture (be) wonderful.
50% of the students in our class (be) girls.

二、逻辑意义一致原则
1. 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
The writer and artist (have) come.
2. 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every, more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
No boy and no girl ( like ) it.
3. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数。
One and a half apples ______________ /_____________ (leave) on the table.
4. many a, more than one和a＋名词单数＋or two作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Many a successful store ___________ (pay) its rent cheerfully.
More than one person (involve) in this.
A worker or two (be) going to be sent to work abroad.
5. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词则用单数。
My glasses ___ /____________ (be) broken.
The pair of shoes under the bed ___ (be) his.
6. “定冠词the＋形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数；表示某一个人时，谓语动词用单数。
The young ______ (be) mostly ambitious.
In an accident a person was injured and the injured __________ (rush) to hospital.

三、就近(远)一致原则
1. 当两个主语由either...or, neither...nor, whether...or, not only... but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
Either the teacher or the students (be) our friends.
(be) neither he nor they wholly right?
2. 当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There two chairs and a desk in the room.
There a desk and two chairs in the room.
3. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
There (come) the bus. On the wall ___ (hang) many pictures.
Such (be) the result. Such (be) the facts。
4. 在定语从句中，关系代词如果在从句中作主语，依先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数形式；在“one of＋复数名词＋who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，从句中的动词用复数形式；但是之前有the (only)等修饰语时，则从句中的动词用单数形式。
Mary is the only one of the students in our school who ever been to China.
Mary is one of the students in our school who ever been to China.
5. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, along with, except, but(除了), like, as well as, rather than，more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, come to China.
Nobody but Jim and Mike on the playground.
She, like you and Tom, very tall.
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